Bakha wopukutidwa kapena bakha wamkati (Aythya collaris) ndi wa banja la bakha, anseriformes order.
Kufalikira kwa madzi osefukira.
Bakha Wotsamira ndi mitundu yambiri yosamuka. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, imafalikira kumpoto kwa South ndi Central Alaska. Mitunduyi ikuphatikizapo zigawo za Central Canada, komanso Minnesota, Maine, ndi madera ena kumpoto kwa United States. M'madera angapo, kuphatikiza madera a Washington, Idaho, ndi madera ena akumadzulo kwa United States, bakha wokhotakhota amakhala chaka chonse. Mitunduyi imaswana kwambiri kumpoto kwa Alberta, Saskatchewan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, m'chigawo chapakati cha Manitoba, komanso kumwera kwa Ontario ndi Quebec.
Malo okhathamira.
Malo okhala bakha wokhala ndi zingwe amasiyanasiyana ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yoswana komanso pambuyo pobereketsa, imakonda madambo okhala ndi madzi oyera, nthawi zambiri amakhala madambo otsika. M'nyengo yozizira, ma dive amayenda m'madambo akulu, koma samapezeka kawirikawiri m'malo okhala ndi mchere wambiri komanso kuya> mita 1.5. Mitsinje yamadzi osefukira, madera atsopano komanso amchere amchere, komanso nyanja ndi madambo osatsekera ndi malo omwe mitundu iyi imakhala. Abakha amadzimadzi amawonekeranso m'malo osaya ndi dothi lonyowa lokutidwa ndi zomera, m'malo olima omwe adasefukira, m'madziwe.
Imvani mawu akumira m'madzi.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa madzi osefukira.
Bakha Wopukutidwa ndi bakha wamng'ono. Wamphongo ndi wamkulu pang'ono kuposa wamkazi. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna kumasiyana pakati pa 40 ndi 46 cm, ndipo chachikazi - masentimita 39 - 43. Kulemera kwamphongo ndi 542 - 910 g, ndipo chachikazi - 490 ndi 894 g. Mapiko ake ndi 63.5 cm.
Amuna ali ndi mutu wakuda, khosi, chifuwa komanso thupi lakumtunda. Mimba ndi mbali zake ndi zoyera imvi. Pa mapiko opindidwa, mphete yoyera imawonekera bwino paphewa, yomwe imakweza kupita pamwamba. Mkaziyo ndi wa bulauni wonyezimira wokhala ndi zipsera zakuda pamwamba pamutu. Kutsogolo kwa mutu, chibwano, ndi mmero nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopepuka. Maso azunguliridwa ndi mphete yoyera, makamaka, nthenga za mkazi ndizotsika kwambiri kuposa zamphongo. Bakha wokhotakhota amakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi abakha ena osambira, koma ali ndi mchira wautali pang'ono ndi mutu wokhala ndi chitunda chachifupi, chomwe chimamupatsa mawonekedwe owoneka osongoka kapena owoneka bwino. Mbalame zazing'ono zimafanana ndi abakha akuluakulu, koma zimakhala ndi utoto wonyezimira.
Kuberekanso kwa madzi osefukira.
Ringed Bakha ndi mtundu umodzi wokhawokha, awiriawiri amapangidwa nthawi yosamuka, kuyambira Marichi mpaka Epulo. Nthawi yobereketsa imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka koyambirira kwa Ogasiti, ndikuchita bwino kwambiri kuyambira pakati pa Meyi mpaka pakati pa Julayi.
Khalidwe lokhalirana limafotokozedwa poyenda mthupi, pomwe kutsamira mwamphamvu kumatambasula khosi, ndikukweza mutu wake ndikukankhira mlomo wake patsogolo. Chiwonetserochi chikuchitika pamtunda ndi pamadzi. Kenako mlomo umatsitsidwira m'madzi osakweza mutu wake, ndipo atakwatirana mbalame ziwirizo zimasambira mbali imodzi ndi mitu yawo atayiyang'ana mmwamba.
Posankha malo okhala zisa, mbalame ziwiri zimasambira m'madzi otseguka.
Mkazi amasankha malo abwino pomwe wamwamuna amakhala pafupi. Bakha amapeza malo ouma kapena ouma pang'ono pafupi ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zitsamba zamaluwa. Mzimayi amamanga chisa masiku atatu - 4. Imafanana ndi mbale, ndipo patsiku la 6 imatenga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Udzu, pansi, nthenga ndizo zomangira.
Mkazi amaikira mazira 6 mpaka 14 pa nyengo. Mazirawo ndi owulungika ndi mawonekedwe osalala, mtundu wa chipolopolocho umasiyanasiyana mtundu: azitona-imvi mpaka bulauni. Makulitsidwe amayamba clutch itatha ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala masiku 26 kapena 27.
Anapiye amabadwa akulemera magalamu 28 mpaka 31. Amakutidwa ndi pansi ndipo amatha kutsatira makolo awo ndikudzidyetsa okha posachedwa atayanika. Amphaka amakwaniritsa masiku 49 mpaka 56 ndipo amakhala odziyimira pawokha masiku 21 mpaka 56 atathawa. Achinyamata osiyanasiyana amaswana mchaka choyamba.
Ma dives opukutidwa amakhala mwachilengedwe kwa zaka zopitilira 20.
Makhalidwe amtundu wothamangirako.
Madzi omata ndi abakha oyenda omwe amasuntha, kudumpha, kuwuluka, kusambira, kapena kumira. Amatuluka m'madzi ndikuyimira zinthu zoyandama nthawi yopuma. Kuuluka kwamtundu wa bakha uku ndikuthamanga. Gulu la anthu makumi awiri limakwera mlengalenga ndikuuluka mulu wandiweyani. Bakha amatha kuyenda pansi pamadzi akuya mita 10 pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe amiyendo. Ma dive opukutidwa akutsuka nthenga nthawi zonse, kutambasula miyendo yawo ndikusambira. Akapuma kapena akusamba, amakhala m'malo amtendere, otseguka, m'malo otetezedwa ku mphepo.
Palibe umboni wokhudzana ndi kuchepa kwa mitundu iyi, koma m'madzi otseguka yamphongo imateteza malowa ndi utali wozungulira wa 2 - 3 mita kuzungulira chachikazi. Si onse omwe amadzipeza okha omwe amapeza wokwatirana chifukwa chophwanya gawo logonana, nthawi zambiri amuna amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa akazi ndipo chiwerengerochi ndi 1.6: 1. Chifukwa chake, amuna ena amakhala osungulumwa ndipo amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono a 6 kapena ocheperako. Kunja kwa nyengo yovundikira, ma diving amadzisunga m'magulu a mbalame mpaka 40. Nthawi yosamukira komanso nthawi yozizira, chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, ziweto zimatha kupitilira anthu 10,000.
Kudyetsa madzi pamadzi.
Ma dive ophatikizidwa amadzidyetsa makamaka ku mbewu za mbeu ndi ma tubers, ndipo amadya nyama zam'madzi zopanda nyama zam'mimba. Nthawi zina tizilombo timagwidwa. Abakha achikulire amadyetsa mitundu yazomera zam'madzi, amadya zamadzimadzi, maluwa a m'madzi, ndi hornwort. M'dzinja, osamukira kumeneko amaima m'madzi osaya ndi mitsinje komwe amadya mpunga wamtchire, udzu winawake wamtchire waku America.
Ma dive opukutidwa amatenga chakudya chawo makamaka podumphira m'madzi, komanso amatenga mbewu kuchokera pamwamba pamadzi.
Amakonda kusaka madzi osaya, ngakhale amatha kuyenda m'madzi, mpaka pansi, olemera ndi zinyalala. Abakha, monga lamulo, amapeza chakudya ndikamiza m'madzi, koma nyamayo imabweretsedwera pamwamba kuti itenge thupi la mollusks m'chigoba kapena kuchotsa chitin mthupi la tizilombo.
Makulidwe akalulu amachokera pansi pa 0,1 mm mpaka masentimita 5. Amankhuku amadya nyama zopanda mafupa, zomwe zimapanga 98% yazakudya zonse. Amayi amakonda kudya nyama zopanda mafupa ochuluka kuposa nthawi zonse panthawi yobereka, pomwe mapuloteni ambiri amafunika kuti ayike mazira. Chakudya chachikulu cha abakha osachotsedwa mphutsi, nkhono, nkhono, agulugufe ndi ntchentche za caddis.
Malo osungira malo osungira.
Kudumphira m'madzi kumakhala ndi magawidwe osiyanasiyana ndipo kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi sikukucheperako. Malinga ndi mtundu wa IUCN, mtundu uwu sukhala ndi chiwopsezo chilichonse m'malo ake. Komabe, m'malo ena, mtovu umathiramo poizoni chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zipolopolo, zomwe agulugufe amagwiritsa ntchito. Pafupifupi ma 12.7% am'madzi okhala ndi mbewa amakhala ndi tiziphuphu tazitsulo tating'onoting'ono, ndipo mbalame 55% zimakhala ndi ma pellets opanda poizoni. Vutoli limakhala pachiwopsezo china pakuberekanso ma dives, omwe amalowetsa mtovu, komanso ma pellets omwe alibe poizoni pakudya. Kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti yotsogola ndikoletsedwa pakadali pano, koma osaka akupitiliza kuigwiritsa ntchito m'maiko ena.
