Bakha la Muscovy Ndi bakha wamkulu yemwe amawoneka owoneka bwino. Anthu ena amatha kunena kuti ndi mbalame zoyipa. Mitundu yoweta imapezeka m'mapaki, m'minda ndi madera. Mbalame zamtchire zimachita manyazi ndi anthu ndipo zimawoneka zikuuluka m'malo akutali kwambiri ndi madzi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Muscovy
Dzina la sayansi la bakha wa musk ndi Cairina Moschata. Palinso subclassification yamtundu wowetedwa wotchedwa Cairina Moschata Domestica. Bakha wamuscovy wamtchire (Cairina Moschata Sylvestris) amapezeka ku Mexico, Central America ndi South America. Amatchedwanso bakha wamkulu wamatabwa kapena bakha wamnkhalango. Columbus asanafike, mbadwa zam'deralo anali akukweza bakha wowetedwa muscovy. Nyamayo idatchulidwa m'malemba a Ulysses Aldrovandi, koma adafotokozedwa mwasayansi ndikulemba mndandanda mu 1758 ndi Carl Linnaeus.
Kanema: Muscovy Bakha
Abakha a Muscovy ndi amodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri pabanja lam'madzi. Sikuti zimangokhala zazikulu komanso zokulirapo kuposa abakha ambiri, zimajambulanso nthenga zonyezimira zakuda ndi zoyera komanso tuft yofiira yapadera. Amakhala ndi kamtundu kakang'ono, kamene kamakhala khungu lomwe limatuluka kapena limapachikidwa pamitu ya mbalame. Mwinamwake mwawonapo zophuka izi pa nkhuku ndi tambala. Anthu akatchula mawonekedwe a "wamatsenga" a musk, amatanthauza kukula kwake.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Wapakati muscovy wamwamuna amakhala pafupifupi 63-83 cm m'litali ndipo amalemera 4.5-6.8 kg, pomwe wamkazi pafupifupi 50-63 cm m'litali ndipo amalemera 2.7-3.6 kg. Mitundu yoweta imatha kukula kwambiri. Bakha wamwamuna wolemera kwambiri amafika pa 8 kg.
Abakha akuluakulu a muscovy amakhala ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 137 - 152. Uku ndikokulirapo kawiri kukula kwa mallard wamba, ndiye kuti ndikosangalatsa mukakulitsa. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazifukwa zomwe nthawi zambiri amalakwitsa atsekwe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kodi musk bakha amawoneka bwanji
Abakha onse a musk ali ndi nkhope zofiira. Ena ndi ofiira owala ndipo ena asinthidwa ofiira a lalanje, koma onse ali ndi izi. Ponena za matupi awo onse, pakhoza kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mitundu yamtchire imakhala yakuda kwambiri, pomwe mitundu yoweta imakhala yowala kwambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, bakha wakutchire akhoza kukhala wakuda kwathunthu ndi nthambi zofiirira zakuda. Bakha wowetedwa msuzi amatha kukhala woyera, wofiirira, wotuwa, wachikasu, kapena lavenda wokhala ndi zotuluka zofiira. Matenda a mafuta pakukhuthala kwa bakha wa musk ndiofunikira kwambiri. Pali timabowo tating'onoting'ono ta mafuta m'zinthu zawo, ndipo akamadzikongoletsa, amapukuta ndikupaka mafuta nthenga zonse. Izi zimawateteza akakhala m'madzi.
Abakha a Muscovy nthawi zambiri amasokonezeka ndi atsekwe chifukwa samawoneka ngati abakha. Samachita zachilendo ndipo amakonda mitengo kuposa nyanja. Mwasayansi, komabe, ndi abakha. Komabe, ndi osiyana ndi abakha wamba ochokera ku dziwe lakwanuko. Ambiri amadabwa pamene ayamba kuona kanyama kena kogwedeza mchira wake.
Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe amachitira izi:
- ngati akupanga phokoso ndikugwedeza mchira wawo, akugwedeza mozungulira miyendo yanu, ndiye kuti mwina akungolankhulana;
- ngati pali abakha ena osowa pafupi ndipo iyi ndi nthawi yokhwima, ndiye kuti atha kukopa chidwi cha omwe angakukopereni;
- ngati atupa kapena asunthira mwamphamvu kwa anthu kapena nyama, amatha kugwedeza michira yawo kuti iwoneke yayikulu komanso yowopsa. Uku ndikuwonetsa kuwopseza.
Palibe kafukufuku wokwanira pakakhala moyo wa abakha a musk, koma umboni wotsimikizira kuti akhoza kukhala pakati pa zaka 5 ndi 15. Zambiri zimadalira thanzi lawo, malo awo, mtundu wawo, zakudya zawo, kuzungulira kwawo komanso ngati eni ake asankha kudya bakha nkhomaliro.
Kodi musk bakha amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Muscovy mwachilengedwe
Abakha a Muscovy amapezeka ku South ndi Central America. Komabe, agulitsidwa, kugula, kugulitsidwa ndi kutumizidwa kunja kwakanthawi kuti athe kupezeka m'mafamu ndi malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi. Ngakhale anthu achilengedwe akutuluka m'malo ngati Mexico, Canada, France ndi United States.
Monga mitundu ina ya abakha ambiri, abakha aku Moscow amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi madzi. Amamva kukhala kwawo m'mayiwewe, mitsinje, nyanja, ndi madambo. Ubwino wodabwitsa wa abakha amtundu wa muscovy ndikuti amatha nthawi yayitali m'mitengo. Nyama zimatha kuuluka ndikukhala ndi zikhadabo zolimba zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zigwire, motero zimakhala bwino pamitengo yonse. Akazi ngakhale chisa m'mitengo.
Bakha wa muscovy amakonda malo okhala zitsamba zowirira, mitengo yayikulu yakale, ndi madambo - madambo, madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kapena ngakhale dziwe la gofu lanyumba lidzawakopa bola akabisa zomera zowuma. Ngakhale amasambira, samachita pafupipafupi ngati abakha ena, chifukwa tiziwalo tawo tomwe timatulutsa mafuta ndi tating'onoting'ono ndipo sikukula kwenikweni.
Abakha ambiri a muscovy omwe amapezeka ku North America ndi amtundu wa barnyard, koma mbalame zochepa zakutchire zochokera kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Mexico zitha kuwonekera ku Rio Grande kumwera kwa Texas.
Kodi musk bakha amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Bakha wa Muscovy pamadzi
Abakha a Muscovy samangokhalira kudya, ndi omnivores. Nyama zidzadya udzu, udzu ndi tirigu kuphatikiza pa mitundu yonse ya tizilombo, zokwawa, nkhanu ndi amphibiya. Akhalanso okondwa kutafuna nkhono kapena mizu yazomera.
Abakha a Muscovy ndiotchuka kwambiri chifukwa chodya kafadala. Pakafukufuku wina, nyamazi adayikidwa m'mafamu amkaka ndipo zotsatira zake kwa omwe akuyenda mderalo adawonedwa. Patangotha masiku ochepa, abakha a muscovy adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ntchentche ndi 96.8% ndipo kuchuluka kwa mphutsi ndi 98.7%. Samapusitsana kapena kuchita nthabwala zikafika pachakudya chomwe amakonda.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Anthu ena agwiritsa ntchito bakha ngati "tizilombo toyambitsa matenda". Kafukufuku wina waku Canada wokhudzana ndi njira zowongolera ntchentche adapeza kuti bakha wa muscovy amadya pafupifupi kuwirikiza katatu kuchuluka kwa omwe amauluka, mapepala, ndi njira zina zovomerezeka!
Chifukwa chake, abakha a muscovy amatha kudya nkhupakupa, ntchentche, crickets, mbozi, ziwala, mphutsi, ndi tizilombo tina tambiri. Amatha kudyetsa mphutsi ndi ziphuphu. Nyama zimagwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri yowononga tizilombo, chifukwa zimadya tizilombo nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, abakha a muscovy amakonda roach ndipo amawadya ngati maswiti.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Abakha a Muscovy
Abakha achilengedwe samadziwika kuti ndi ochezeka kapena okonda kucheza, kotero ngati mukuyenda ku South America ndikudzifunsa ngati muyenera kudyetsa ng'ombe m'mphepete mwa mtsinje, yankho lake ndi ayi. Pankhani ya abakha amtundu woweta, amadziwika chifukwa chaubwenzi wawo chifukwa amaleredwa ngati ziweto. Amagulidwa ndikugulitsidwa ngati ziweto zakunja.
Abakha otere amatha kuphunzira kudya m'manja mwawo ndikuyankha mayina ena. Amatha kugwedeza nthenga zawo za mchira, motero anthu nthawi zambiri amaseka kuti ndi "agalu" akamatsata ambuye awo, akugwedeza michira yawo, ndikupempha chakudya ndi maso. Abakha a Muscovite amatha kukhala amwano akamatopa, kuda nkhawa, kukhumudwa, kapena kumva njala. Atha kumachitanso zoipa akatha msinkhu koma sanapatsidwe bwenzi lawo.
Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti abakha a musk amatha kuphunzitsidwa kutengera zikhalidwe zawo. Chinyengo ndikuyamba akadali achichepere. Yankhani mwachangu kuzizindikiro zilizonse zamalamulo komanso zam'thupi, ndipo musawalole kuti achoke chifukwa choti ndi achichepere komanso okongola. Ngakhale zochita zawo zingawoneke ngati zosangalatsa ngati zing'onozing'ono, abakha akuthwa, nyamazo zimakula mpaka mbalame za mapaundi 4 ndi 7, ndipo kugwira kwawo kumatha kuwononga zambiri. Abakha a Muscovy ndimapepala abwino kwambiri. Amazikondanso kwambiri, ndipo bakha nthawi zambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali mlengalenga kuposa pansi. Amakonda kukhala pamipanda, ma awnings, madenga, zophikira nkhuku ndi malo ena ochokera kumwamba.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Abakha a Muscovy samachita zachabechabe. Amatha kuchita izi, ndipo amatha kumveka mokweza akamapanikizika, koma izi sizofala pamtunduwo.
Abakha a Muscovy amadziwika chifukwa chotsitsira anzawo. Awa ndi mawu otsika, onga njoka, koma osati oyipa. Abakha a Muscovite amakonda "kulumikizana" ndi anthu ndi nyama, akuwamasulira. Ndi momwe amalumikizirana, ndipo amachita pomwe ali achimwemwe, achisoni, osangalala komanso chilichonse chapakati. Kuphatikiza apo, abakha achikazi amatulutsa ma grunts kapena ma trill. Nthawi zambiri, amalimbana ndi ana awo. Mosiyana ndi ake, izi nthawi zonse zimakhala zosangalatsa kapena zotonthoza.
Tsopano mukudziwa momwe mungasungire bakha musk kunyumba. Tiyeni tiwone momwe mbalameyi imakhalira ndi moyo kuthengo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ana a bakha wa Muscovy
Abakha a Muscovy samakwatirana kamodzi pamoyo wawo wonse. Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya bakha, abakhawa samapanga magulu awiri okhazikika. Amatha kubwerera kwa mkazi yemweyo ngati palibe njira zina, koma kuthengo amafunafuna okwatirana osiyanasiyana nyengo iliyonse yokwatirana.
Nthawi yokwatirana ya abakha amtunduwu imayamba kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Meyi. Amuna amakopa akazi mwakugwedeza michira yawo ndikutulutsa ziphuphu zawo. Mkazi akatenga pakati, amapanga chisa mdzenje la mtengowo ndikuikira mazira ake bwinobwino. Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku 30 mpaka 35. Amayi amateteza mazira awo mwankhanza panthawiyi; amasiya zisa zawo kamodzi patsiku kuti amwe madzi kapena kusamba msanga. Pambuyo pake, amabwerera kwa ana awo.
Mzimayi akaikira dzira lililonse, "amalira" kotero kuti kamwanako kanasindikizidwa m'mawu ake. Kenako amaikira mazira ake mosamala kufikira ataswa. Nthawi zambiri zazikazi zingapo zimaswana pamodzi. Ankhamba amakhala ndi amayi awo kwa masabata 10-12 kuti akhale otentha komanso otetezeka. Munthawi imeneyi, aphunzira maluso onse omwe angafunike kuti apulumuke. Atakwanitsa masabata 12, ankhandwe amakhala mbalame zabwino kwambiri, koma sanakhwime.
Abakha achikazi a muscovy amaikira mazira 8-15 nthawi imodzi. Iwo ndi akulu kwambiri ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe amathandizira. Amatha kulemera kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa mazira a nkhuku. Bakha amaikira mazira oyera oyera 60-120 pachaka (pang'ono kwa abakha).
Adani achilengedwe a bakha wa bakha
Chithunzi: Kodi abakha a musky amawoneka bwanji
Abakha a Muscovy ndi mbalame zokoma ndipo nyama zambiri zimakonda kuzidya. Pafupifupi chilombo chilichonse chamiyendo inayi chimadya bakha ikafika mpata. Ankhandwe ndi akalulu ndi ena chabe mwa nyama zambiri zoyamwitsa zomwe abakha amphaka angakumane nawo. Njoka zimadyanso abakha, monganso mbalame zodya nyama monga akabawi, akadzidzi, ndi ziwombankhanga. Akamba amakonda kudya abakha ang'onoang'ono.
Abakha amathanso kusakidwa ndi akhwangwala chifukwa anyamatawa sikuti amangokhala okhwima okha, komanso ndi osaka mwakhama omwe amadyetsa mitundu ina ya mbalame monga abakha - ndiye kuti, amatha kugula bakha kuti adye nkhomaliro. Kupanda kutero, amasiyidwa maso ndi maso ndi bakha wa musk wokwiya yemwe angadziteteze mosavuta kapena anapiye ake.
Minks, weasels, otters, ndi ferrets amakondanso nyama yawo ya bakha, ndipo nthawi zonse amasaka abakha a muscovy, ndikuika pachiwopsezo thanzi lawo m'malo awo amadzi - abakha amasambira kwambiri pankhaniyi.
Zowononga zina zomwe zimawopseza abakha a muscovy ndi awa:
- akamba odziwika bwino omwe amawombera, omwe amawatcha kuti nsagwada zawo zowononga mafupa zomwe zitha kupha chilichonse chomwe sichili bwino kuti chigwidwe;
- nyama zakutchire ndi ng'ona;
- ziwombankhanga, kuphatikizapo ziwombankhanga zokhala ndi dazi ndi azibale awo agolide;
- mphamba ndi mphamba.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Abakha a Muscovy
Abakha a Muscovy samafufuzidwa paliponse pamtundu wawo, ndipo ndizochepa zomwe zimadziwika za kuchuluka kwawo. Wetlands International akuti anthu awo onse ali pakati pa 100,000 ndi 1 miliyoni ndipo akuwonetsa kuti akuchepa. Mu IUCN Red List of Mitundu Yowopsa, bakha uyu adatchulidwa kuti ndi yemwe ali pachiwopsezo chochepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepera pakapita nthawi.
Bakha la Muscovy silili pandandanda wa 2014 Wowonera Mbalame. Kusamalira mitundu iyi kumafuna chitetezo ku kusaka ndi kuteteza madambo otentha. Kutsika kwakukulu kwa anthu ku Mexico kumachitika chifukwa cha kusaka kwambiri ndi kudula nkhalango m'nkhalango. Ku Central America, kusaka abakha ndi mazira awo ndizowopsa. Chifukwa bakha wamkuluyu amafunika malo okhala ndi zisa zazikulu kuti agwirizane ndi kukula kwake, mavuto amabwera chifukwa nkhalango zakale zikuchepa komanso malo achilengedwe amatayika.
Mwamwayi, abakha a musk amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zisa zopangira. Pambuyo pa Ducks Unlimited atamanga zisa zoposa 4,000 za abakha a muscovy kumpoto kwa Mexico koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, anthu akula ndikufalikira kumadera akutali akumwera kwa Rio Grande Valley ku Texas. Chiwerengero cha abakha amtchire a Muscovite ku United States chikuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuyambira 1984.
Bakha la Muscovy Ndi bakha wodekha, wamtendere wokhala ndi umunthu wake. Abakha awa "amalankhula" ndi michira yawo, kuwaweyula mwamphamvu akakhala ndi moyo kapena akusangalala, ngati agalu. Nyama zimalekerera nyengo yozizira bola ngati pali pogona, ndipo sizimasamuka pokhapokha nyengo ikakhala yovuta. Mwa zina, ndi mbalame yoimira yomwe imakonda kusaka ntchentche ndi udzudzu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 08/03/2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/28/2019 nthawi ya 12:00
