Mollienesia (lat. Mollienesia) ndi nsomba yam'madzi yomwe ngakhale iwo omwe ali kutali ndi zosangalatsa amakonda. Koma sindikudziwa aliyense kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya iwo: wakuda, chipale chofewa, velifera, sphenops, latipina
Komabe, mtundu uliwonse wa mitunduyi yomwe mumatchula, yonse ndi yotchuka komanso yodziwika m'madziwo ndipo ndi amtundu womwewo, ngakhale nthawi zina amawoneka osiyana kwambiri.
Ndipo zonse chifukwa chakuti ali ndi zabwino zambiri - ndi amtendere, olimba kwambiri komanso osadzichepetsa, otchipa, komanso oswana.
Awa ndi nsomba zaku America zokha, chifukwa amakhala ku North ndi South America. Zamoyo zamtchire zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri - zokhala ndi zipsepse zazifupi, monga nyerere zakuda, ndi zazitali, monga velifera kapena marbled.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Ndi nsomba yamadzi oyera kuchokera kumtundu wa Poecilia, gawo la banja la a Poeciliidae. Nsombazi zimachokera ku America, koma malo awo amatha kusiyanasiyana. Makamaka amakhala mdera lakumpoto kwa North ndi South America, koma amapezekanso m'malo omwe mitsinje imadutsa munyanja, m'madzi amchere.
Kontinentiyo itha kutchedwa kwawo, afalikira kwambiri.
- Black mollies kapena Sfenops (Poecilia sphenops) amakhala kuchokera ku Mexico kupita kumpoto kwa United States.
- Mollienesia latipinna (Poecilia latipinna) amakhala kufupi ndi gombe lakumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States komanso ku Mexico.
- Velifera (Poecilia velifera) kapena high fin mollies (seil) amapezeka kumadera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja a Yucatan ndi Mexico.
Zonsezi ndizosiyana kwambiri, kudzichepetsa komanso kuda nkhawa, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala ofala kwambiri m'malo awa.
Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu idawonekera m'madzi am'mbuyomu koyambirira kwa 1899, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma hybridi kuyambira 1920.
Tsopano mutha kupeza mollies wakuda, zidutswa za chipale chofewa (zoyera kwathunthu kapena zachikaso), zasiliva, m'malo. Ndipo mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu ikupitilizabe kukula ndikutchuka.
Kufotokozera
Black mollies ndi imodzi mwazinthu zopangidwa mwanzeru mu 1930, imafika 6-10 masentimita m'nyanja yamchere, mpaka masentimita 12 mwachilengedwe.
Kutalika kwa moyo kuli pafupifupi zaka 3, koma kungakhale kupitilira apo.
Wakuda ali ndi thupi lakuda kwathunthu, mthunzi wakuya kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mitundu yokhala ndi mchira kumapeto kwa mtundu wa zeze, cholimbira chakuda.
Latipina amakula masentimita 10 m'nyanja yamchere, mpaka masentimita 20 mwachilengedwe. Mtundu wa thupi ndi lofiirira ndi madontho akuda ndi amtambo. Chosiyanitsa ndipamwamba kwambiri.
Velifera nthawi zambiri imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi latipina, koma tsopano yalandira mawonekedwe atsopano komanso otchuka - mawonekedwe oyera kwathunthu adachotsedwa - chipale chofewa.
Zovuta pakukhutira
Nsomba zosavuta komanso zosadzichepetsa zomwe zili zoyenera kwa oyamba kumene kuchita. Izi ndizowona makamaka pamtundu wakuda wotchuka wakuda.
Muyenera kusamala ndi ma disc okhaokha kapena, monga amatchulidwanso, buluni, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo opindika, kutalika kwa moyo wawo kumakhala kocheperako kuposa nsomba wamba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mawonekedwe a buluni ndi scoliosis, ndi zotsatira zake zonse zotsatira.
Kwa omwe amakonda kuyamba kudya, mollies wakuda nthawi zonse ndiosankha bwino chifukwa sakhala ovuta, osavuta kuswana ndipo amafuna akasinja ang'onoang'ono.
Kuti musunge mitundu yonse, muyenera kukhala ndi aquarium yosalala bwino, yotakasuka mokwanira. Ndikofunika kuti chakudya chawo chikhale ndi mbewu zambiri komanso algae.
Kudyetsa
Momwe mungadyetse mollies? Nsomba zowopsa zomwe zimadya mitundu yonse ya zakudya zamoyo, zachisanu kapena zopangira.
Koma, amafunikira chakudya chochuluka kwambiri chokhala ndi ulusi wazomera, monga algae kapena masamba. Chowonadi ndi chakuti, m'chilengedwe, nsomba zimakhala ndi ndere zambiri komanso zodetsa zosiyanasiyana pazakudya, milomo yawo ndi machitidwe awo zikuwonetsa izi. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka akung'amba zagalasi ndi zokongoletsa m'madziwo. Amagwiritsa ntchito milomo yawo kuzikoka pamwamba.
Kuchokera pazakudya zamasamba, njira yosavuta ndikupatsa ma flakes ndi spirulina, kapena zidutswa za nkhaka zophika pang'ono, zukini, letesi.
Kuyambira nyama - magaziworms, tubifex, brine shrimp. Mwambiri, palibe mavuto ndi kudyetsa, chinthu chachikulu kukumbukira ndikuti chakudya chomera ndichofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo.
Zakudya zopangira monga ma flakes ndi pellets ndizosankha zabwino. Yesetsani kuwonjezeranso ndi zakudya zina kuti mupereke zakudya zosiyanasiyana.
Zakudya zamoyo komanso zowuma ndizomwe zimayambitsa mapuloteni. Ma virus ndi ma brine shrimp amadyedwa mosangalala, koma zosankha zina zambiri zimagwiranso ntchito.
Dyetsani chakudya chochepa kawiri patsiku. Izi zimapangitsa makina awo am'mimba kuti azitha kukonza chakudya. Apatseni momwe angadyere mumphindi ziwiri kapena zitatu.
Kusamalira ndi kusamalira Aquarium
Kumtchire, malo okhala mollies amatha kusiyanasiyana. Amasinthasintha kuzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kulolerana kwamadzi amchere komanso kuchuluka kwa acidity.
Kwa nsomba zingapo pamafunika pafupifupi malita 60, makamaka kuchokera ku 100, chifukwa simukhala nazo zokha. Amatha kukula mpaka masentimita 10 okha, ndipo m'madzi ochepa kwambiri amakhala ochepa.
Nsomba iliyonse idzafunika malita 5 kuti akhale bwino. Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe timalalikirira kuti malo okhala m'madzi akulu ndiabwino chifukwa ndichosavuta kusamalira. Nsomba zimatha kuzolowera kuzipinda zazing'ono, koma mtundu wamadzi ndichinthu chomwe chimakhazikika m'madzi am'madzi ochepa.
Mukakhala ndi madzi ambiri, zimakhala zosavuta kusunga aquarium yanu. Kukula kwa chidebe chanu chamadzi, kumachepetsa kwambiri madzi ndi zinsomba komanso chakudya chosadyedwa, chomwe chimamira pansi pa thanki yanu. Kuchepetsa thupi la madzi, kumakhala kosavuta kuipitsidwa.
Magawo amadzi amatha kukhala osiyana kwambiri chifukwa amasinthasintha bwino momwe zinthu ziliri. Koma tikulimbikitsidwa: kutentha kwamadzi 23-28C, ph: 7.0-8.0, kuuma 20-30 dGH. Omangidwa molandila azolowera kuzikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake simuyenera kuda nkhawa kuti mitundu iliyonse ikusowa madzi osiyanasiyana.
Dziwani kuti nsombayo imalekerera madzi amchere bwino, ndipo zothandiza zambiri zimalangizanso kuti ucherere.
Inde, sizikhala zoyipa kwa iwo, koma musaiwale kuti mwa iwo okha samakhala mumchere wam'madzi, koma oyandikana nawo amatha kulekerera mchere wambiri kwambiri.
Ndingalimbikitse kugwiritsa ntchito mchere pokhapokha ngati amakhala mu aquarium okha kapena kuti apange okhaokha.
Ponena za kapangidwe ka aquarium, izi ndizomwe mungasankhe. Tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pali zomera zambiri mmenemo, chifukwa nkhonozi zimakonda kupopera zolembera ndi ndere kuchokera kwa iwo.
Gulu laling'ono lamchenga ndi lingaliro labwino. Ngakhale sangataye nthawi yochuluka pansi, mchenga wabwino ndi wabwino kuzika mbewu.
Mutha kusankha mbeu zomwe mumakonda, koma tchire lalitali ngati Vallisneria limapereka malo abwino obisaliramo nsombazi.
Ndikofunikanso kuti panali fyuluta, yamkati ndithu. Onetsetsani kuti mwasintha 20% yamadzi sabata iliyonse, chifukwa amaipitsa mwachangu.
Zisamalireni, monga nsomba zina zonse: kudyetsa ndikusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi, apo ayi ndiwodzichepetsa.
Ngakhale
Choyamba, izi ndizosavulaza komanso mwamtendere. Zokwanira m'madzi am'madzi ambiri, ogwirizana ndi nsomba zamtendere komanso zazing'ono.
Amakhala amtendere nthawi zambiri, koma amatha kuwonetsa zipsinjo pamene thankiyo yadzaza kapena kuzungulira ndi anansi ankhanza. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti aquarium ndi yayikulu mokwanira komanso kuti ikhale ndi oyandikana nawo oyenera (zambiri pansipa).
Simungazisunge ndi mitundu yodya nyama komanso yankhanza. Oyandikana nawo abwino adzakhala nsomba zina za viviparous: ma guppies, ma platies, malupanga. Zimagwirizananso ndi mitundu yambiri yosiyana: gourami, scalars, neon, barbs.
Mollys ndi okangalika komanso ochezeka, ndichifukwa chake amasangalala kusambira limodzi. Gululo liyenera kukhala lachikazi makamaka, monga amuna amadziwika kuti amasokoneza akazi.
Kusiyana kogonana
Kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna ndikosavuta.Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo, okhala ndi mimba yayikulu komanso yozungulira. Kusiyanitsa kolondola kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a chimbudzi champhongo, mwa amuna chimakulungidwa mu chubu (gonopodia), ndipo mwa akazi chimakhala chaching'ono.
Kubereka
Amaberekana, ngati ana agalu, opusa. Ndiye kuti, mwachangu amabadwa atakhazikika kale komanso atha kukhala ndi moyo, kudutsa gawo la dzira.
Mayi woyembekezera amabala mwachangu masiku 30 mpaka 40, njira yosavuta ndikuzindikira nthawi kuyambira kubadwa komaliza, ndikudziwitsa nthawi yatsopano.
Popeza ndizotheka kumvetsetsa ngati mkazi ali ndi pakati pokhapokha pakumaliza pamimba pake. Ndi mwayi waukulu, adzaberekanso mwachangu.
Kuswana sikutanthauza zochitika zilizonse zapadera, ndikwanira kuti akazi ndi abambo azikhala limodzi mumtambo womwewo.
Zimakhala zovuta kumvetsetsa pomwe mkazi adatenga pakati, makamaka akuda. Chosavuta kwambiri ndikuti muwone m'mimba mwake, amawoneka bwino akayamba kufulumira.
Mkazi amabala pafupifupi masiku 40-45 aliwonse, kotero mutha kungolemba tsiku lobadwa lomaliza ndikudikirira. Pofuna kupewa mwachangu kudya, ndibwino kudzala mkaziyo mu aquarium yosiyana, nthawi zonse ndi mbewu.
Mwachangu omwe amabadwa nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kudyetsa. Ndikosavuta kuyidyetsa, nthawi zambiri chakudya chosenda chokwanira cha nsomba zazikulu.
Ngati mukufuna kuti ikule mwachangu, mutha kuyidyetsa ndi brine shrimp nauplii ndikudula tubifex.
