Kangaude wa Horny (Larinioides cornutus) ndi wa dongosolo la akangaude, arachnids.
Kufalitsa kwa kangaude wamatsenga.
Kangaude wa Horny amapezeka ku North America, amafalikira kuchokera kumpoto kwa Mexico, ku United States ndi Canada, komanso kumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa Alaska. Mitunduyi imafalikiranso ku Europe ndi Western Asia. Pali madera ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi akangaude ku Korea ndi Kamchatka, kum'mawa kwa China ndi Japan, komanso madera ena a Africa, kuphatikiza kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Algeria ndi Egypt. Madera osiyana apezekanso ku Australia, Greenland, ndi Iceland.
Malo a kangaude wamphongo.
Mitanda ya Horny nthawi zambiri imakhala m'malo opanda chinyezi pafupi ndi matupi amadzi kapena m'malo okhala ndi mitengo yambiri. Nyumba zomangidwa ndi anthu monga nkhokwe, masheya, nyumba zosungiramo katundu komanso milatho ndi malo abwino azisalu izi popeza zimakhala pogona pabwino padzuwa.
Zizindikiro zakunja kangaude wakuda.
Chingwe chopendekera chimakhala ndimimba yayikulu, yotundumuka, yopingasa chowulungika, yomwe imalumikizidwa mmbali mwa dorsoventral. Mtundu wake ndi wosiyana kwambiri: wakuda, imvi, pabuka, maolivi. Chitinous carapace ili ndi mawonekedwe owala ngati mawonekedwe a muvi wolunjika ku cephalothorax.
Miyendo ndi yamizeremizere yofanana ndi carapace ndipo yokutidwa ndi tsitsi lalikulu (macrosetae). Miyendo iwiri yakutsogolo ndi yofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi la kangaude, pomwe miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndi yaifupi. Amuna amakhala ndi matupi ang'onoang'ono, mtundu wa thupi ndi wopepuka kuposa akazi, kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa 5 mpaka 9 mm, ndipo akazi ndi ochokera 6 mpaka 14 mm kutalika.
Kubalana kwa spindle ya horny.
Akazi a hornbeam amaluka zikoko zazikulu za silika pamasamba obzala. Pambuyo pake, kangaude wamkazi amatulutsa ma pheromones kuti akope wamwamuna, amasankha kukhalapo kwa mkaziyo mothandizidwa ndi chemoreceptors.
Zazimayi zimayikira mazira osakwanira mkati mwa cocoon pomwe yamphongo imalowetsa umuna kutsegulira kwa mkazi pogwiritsira ntchito zopindika.
Mazira obereketsa amakhala achikasu ndipo azunguliridwa ndi ziphuphu, ndipo cocoko nthawi zambiri amawaika pamalo otetezedwa, atapachikidwa pansi pa tsamba, kapena mng'alu wa khungwa. Mazira a chikuku pambuyo pa umuna amakula mwezi umodzi. Mkazi amatha kumenyerana ndi wamphongo ngati mazira osakwaniritsidwa atsalira pambuyo pa kukwatira koyamba. Chifukwa chake, champhongo sichimasiya nthawi yomweyo chachikazi, pomwe nthawi zina chachikazi chimadya champhongo atangolowa kumene. Komabe, ngati mkaziyo alibe njala, kangaude amakhalabe ndi moyo, ngakhale zili choncho, amamwalirabe atangokwatirana, ndikupereka mphamvu zake zonse pakupanga ana. Mkazi amafa atayika mazira, nthawi zina amapulumuka, amayang'anira cocoko, kudikirira kuti akangaude awonekere. Ndi kusowa kwa chakudya, mazira osakwaniritsidwa amakhalabe mu cocoons, ndipo anawo samawoneka. Kukwatana pamtanda wonyansa kumatha kuchitika kuyambira masika mpaka nthawi yophukira ndipo, monga lamulo, kumangolekezera pakungopeza zakudya. Akangaudewo aswa mu chikoko choteteza kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu mpaka atakhwima. Akakula, adzabalalika kukafunafuna malo abwino okhala ndi chakudya. Kupulumuka kwa akalulu achichepere kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri ndipo zimadalira nyengo.
Mitanda ya Horny imatha kupulumuka ngakhale nyengo yozizira yozizira. Magulu achichepere nthawi zambiri amaberekana masika. Amakhala m'chilengedwe kwa zaka ziwiri.
Khalidwe la kangaude wamatsenga.
Mitanda ya Horny ndi nyama zodyera zokha zomwe zimamanga mawebusayiti pafupi ndi masamba am'madzi oyandikira kapena nyumba, pamalo otetezedwa ku dzuwa. Amapachika mawebusayiti awo pansi pamtchire kapena pakati paudzu, ndiwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wa 20-25.
Makulidwe amtambo amakhala ndi malo okwana 600 mpaka 1100 sq. Cm.
Akangaude nthawi zambiri amakhala pachimodzi mwamphamvu kwambiri zobisika mumthunzi tsiku lonse. Akasaka usiku, amakonza msampha wowonongeka tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikusowa chakudya, mitanda yonyansa imaluka maukonde okulirapo usiku umodzi usiku umodzi, poyesa kukola nyama zambiri. Chakudya chikakhala chochuluka, akangaude samaluka ukonde wosatha, ndipo akazi amagwiritsa ntchito intaneti kuti apange zigoba kuti ziberekane.
Mitanda yonyansa imakhala yovuta kwambiri pakamanjenjemera, yomwe amamvetsetsa mothandizidwa ndi ubweya wambiri womwe umakhala m miyendo ya miyendo ndi pamimba. Zilolezo zazing'ono zotchedwa sensilla zimapezeka nthawi zonse, ndikuwona kukhudza kulikonse.
Chakudya cha kangaude wamphongo.
Mitanda ya Horny imakhala yosasokoneza. Amagwiritsa ntchito ukonde wa kangaude wamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti agwire nyama masana, yomwe imagwidwa ndi agulugufe, midges, ntchentche, ndi udzudzu. Monga ma arachnids ambiri, mtundu uwu wa kangaude umatulutsa poizoni mkati mwa prosoma m'matenda apadera omwe amatsegulira chelicerae ndimayendedwe ang'onoang'ono.
Chelicera iliyonse ili ndi mano anayi a mano.
Nyama ikangogwera muukonde ndikutsekedwa mu ukonde, akangaude amathamangira kwa iyo ndikulemetsa, kubaya poyizoni ndi chelicera, kenako kuyiyika mu ukonde ndikuyiyika pamalo obisika muukondewo. Mavitamini am'mimba amasungunula ziwalo zamkati mwa wovutitsidwayo kukhala madzi. Akangaude amayamwa zomwe zilimo osasokoneza chivundikiro cha nyama, ndikusiya zinyalala zochepa atadya. Nyama zazikulu zimapezeka ndi michere yayitali, chifukwa chake imasungidwa nthawi yayitali kuti idye.
Udindo wa kangaude wakuda.
Akangaude amphaka amakhala makamaka odyetsa, chifukwa chake amawononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nkhalango komanso m'malo okhala anthu.
Mbalame zambiri zimadya akangaudewa, makamaka ngati zimawoneka masana.
Tizilombo tambiri monga mavu akuda ndi oyera ndi mavu owumba mbiya zimawononga akangaude akuluakulu poyikira mazira mthupi lawo. Mphutsi zomwe zimawonekera zimadyetsa pamtanda, ndipo mphutsi za sexpunctata zimawuluka zimadumphira m'mazira mu zikopa.
Ngakhale akangaude amakhala akangaude owopsa, alibe vuto lililonse kwa anthu. Amatha kuluma akafuna kuwatenga, kulumako ndichachidziwikire ndipo ozunzidwa, monga lamulo, safuna chithandizo chamankhwala. Ngakhale izi ndizotsimikizika, sikoyenera kuyesera kangaude wanyanga. Palibe zovuta zina chifukwa chokhudzana ndi akangaudewa.
Mkhalidwe wosungira mtanda wa horny.
Kangaude waminyanga amagawidwa pamtundu wonsewo ndipo pakadali pano alibe chitetezo chapadera.
