Teal wa Laysan (Anas laysanensis) ndi wa banja la bakha, dongosolo la Anseriformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa teal wa Laysan.
Laysan teal amakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo masentimita 40 - 41. Bakha wamng'ono uyu amalemera magalamu 447. Kusiyanasiyana kwamunthu wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndikochepa. Yaimuna imakhala ndi mlomo wobiriwira wobiriwira wobiriwira, wofiira pansi. Mlomo wa mkazi ndi wachikasu wonyezimira, walalanje pang'ono wotumbululuka m'mbali.
Nthenga za teyi wa Laysan ndizofiirira komanso zofiirira. Mutu ndi khosi ndizofiirira komanso ndimayendedwe oyera. Pafupi ndi tsinde la mulomo komanso mozungulira maso, kuunikira kowoneka bwino mosiyanasiyana kumawonekera, komwe nthawi zina kumafikira pachibwano. Kumbali ya mutu kuli malo ofanananira amitundu yoyera. Yaimuna imakhala ndi nthenga zachiwiri zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira kapena yabuluu, yakuda kumapeto. Nthenga zazikulu zokutira zokhala ndi malire oyera. Akazi achikulire ndi achichepere amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zakuda zofiirira kapena zakuda zakuda komanso zoyera zoyera.
Mzimayi pansipa ali ndi utoto wobiriwira kuposa wamwamuna, chifukwa m'mbali mwake mwa bulawuli muli nthenga zokulirapo. Amuna aamuna amakhala ndi nthenga zapakati, zopindika. Miyendo ndi mapazi ndi lalanje. Iris ya diso ndi yofiirira.
Mverani mawu a teal wa Laysan.
Malo okhala tiyi a Laysan.
Ma teys a Laysan ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame zakumayiko ena malinga ndi miyezo yawo, koma ndi ofanana m'njira zambiri ndi mbalame zina zomwe zimakhala pazilumbazi. Amapezeka pamadzi ndi pamtunda, pogwiritsa ntchito malo onse omwe ali pachilumba cha Laysan. Mtundu uwu umakhala ndi milu yamchenga yokhala ndi masamba ochepa, madera a shrub ndi madambo, komanso nkhalango zomwe zimazungulira nyanja. Ma teys a Laysan amapitanso kumalo okhala matope komanso matope. Amadyetsa masana ndi usiku, nthawi zonse amakhala nthawi yayitali m'malo omwe muli chakudya. Kupezeka kwa magwero amadzi ndiwofunikanso kupezeka kwa ma teys a Laysan.
Kufalikira kwa teal wa Laysan.
Ma teys a Laysan amakhala mdera laling'ono kwambiri, lomwe lili pamtunda wa makilomita 225 pachilumba chapafupi kwambiri kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa zilumba zaku Hawaii. Dera laling'ono ili ndi chilumba chaphalaphala, chomwe chimayenda makilomita 3 ndi 1.5 km, ndipo dera lake silipitilira mahekitala 370.
Malo okhala tiyi a Laysan.
Ma teys a Laysan amapezeka pamapazi okhala ndi madzi amchere, pomwe amakhalamo nthawi zonse.
Makhalidwe amtendere wa Laysan.
Ma teys a Laysan amakhala awiriawiri kapena ang'onoang'ono. Amakhamukira ku molt ataswana. Nthawi zina mbalame zimagwiritsa ntchito timadontho tating'ono ta madzi a m'nyanja omwe atsalira kuchokera pamafunde ochepa kusambira, mwina chifukwa chakuti madziwo ndi ozizira kumeneko kuposa kunyanjako. Kenako amakhala pansi pang'ono kuti azitha kutentha ndikutambasula nthenga zawo atasamba, nthawi ngati imeneyi sapeza chakudya. Ma teys a Laysan samasambira patali kwambiri ndi gombe, amapewa mafunde akulu ndipo amakonda mitsinje yamtendere. Masana, mbalame zimabisala mumthunzi wa mitengo kapena zitsamba zazikulu zomwe zimamera pamapiri.
Kuswana tiyi wa Laysan.
Zambiri mwatsatanetsatane wazikhalidwe za chibwenzi cha Laysan mwachilengedwe zidaphunziridwa mu mbalame zomwe zidagwidwa, ndipo ndizofanana ndendende ndi kukhwimitsa kwa bakha wa mallard. Mbalamezi zimakhala zokhazokha ndipo zimakhala ndi chibwenzi cholimba kwambiri kuposa abakha omwe amapezeka ku continent.
Monga abakha ambiri, ma teys a Laysan amamanga chisa kuchokera kuzomera. Ndi yaying'ono, yopindika ndipo nthawi zambiri imabisika pakati pa zomera.
Akanyumba amayala ndi akazi kuyambira pansi. Nthawi yogona ndi yayitali, koma nthawi ndiyosintha, mwina chifukwa cha kusintha kwamadzi. Ma teyala a Laysan nthawi zambiri amaberekera masika ndi chilimwe, kuyambira Marichi mpaka Juni kapena kuyambira Epulo mpaka Julayi. Kukula kwa clutch kumakhala kocheperako, nthawi zambiri kumakhala mazira 3 mpaka 6 mchisa. Mzimayi amawotcha clutch kwa masiku pafupifupi 26.
Ana amatsogoleredwa ndi kudyetsedwa ndi akazi, ngakhale kuti amuna nthawi zina amakhala pafupi. Ndikofunika kuti anapiye amaswa mkati mwa masabata awiri oyambirira, chifukwa mvula yamphamvu imatha kupangitsa kuti anawo afe. Anapiye amatetezedwa ndi bakha wamkulu mpaka atadziyimira pawokha. Mwinanso kuphatikiza kwa ana angapo amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri.
Laysan teal zakudya.
Ma teys a Laysan amakonda kudyetsa nyama zopanda mafupa kwazaka zambiri.
M'nyengo yotentha, mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimachotsa nyama zawo kumtunda ndi matope ndi milomo yawo ndi kusuntha kwakuthwa.
Amayang'ananso mitembo ya mbalame zakufa kuti atenge mphutsi za ntchentche kapena tizilombo tina. Shrimp, yomwe imapezeka m'nyanjayi, imakhalanso chakudya. Matenda a Laysan azaka zonse amayenda usiku m'malo okwezeka pachilumbachi kufunafuna mphutsi zamitundu ya njenjete, zomwe zimapezeka m'nthaka yamchenga. M'nyanjayi mulibe zomera za m'madzi, nderezo ndizovuta kudya. Sizikudziwika pakadali pano kuti mbewu ndi zipatso zomwe ma teys a Laysan amadya. Mwina nthanga za sedge zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chakudya chofunikira ndi Scatella sexnotata, kuchuluka kwake komwe kumabweretsa kuberekanso kwa teal wa Laysan.
Mkhalidwe wosungira tiyi wa Laysan.
Teal wa Laysan amadziwika kuti ali pangozi. Mtundu uwu umatchulidwa mu CITES Appendix. Amakhala ku National Wildlife Refuge ku Hawaii.
Chitetezo cha teyi ya Laysan.
Pofuna kuteteza teyi ya Laysan, ndondomeko yowonzanso mbalame ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi US Fish and Game Services. Mu 2004-2005, mbalame zakutchire 42 zidasunthidwa kuchokera ku Chilumba cha Laysan kupita ku Midway Atoll. Ntchitoyi, yomwe imagwira ntchito ku Midway Atoll, ikuphatikiza kuwunika, maphunziro azachilengedwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi, ndikuwongolera kwakale ndikupanga madambo atsopano. Njira yomwe ikutsatiridwayi ikuphatikiza kukhazikitsa madzi chaka chilichonse, kukhetsa ndi kuyeretsa malo osungira madzi kuti achotse zinyalala, pogwiritsa ntchito makina olemera ndi mapampu onyamula kuti madzi akhale abwino.
Njira zotetezera zinthu zikuphatikiza kukulitsa malo okhala zisa ndi kubzala maudzu am'deralo.
Kuchotsa mbewa kuzilumba zamchenga zomwe zimawononga zomera. Kubwezeretsanso kwachilengedwe kuti kukhale anthu ochulukirapo atatu a abakha ochepa. Onetsetsani kuyang'aniridwa mosamala kuti muchepetse kuyambitsa kwangozi kwa mbewu zosowa, nyama zopanda mafupa ndi nyama zomwe zitha kusokoneza tiyi wa Laysan. Chitani zochotsa nyama zolusa kuti zikhazikitsenso mbalame kuzilumba zina za Hawaii. Unikani masinthidwe amtundu wa anthu ndikuwonjezera anthu atsopano. Katemera wa abakha ku Midway Atoll akuyesedwa kuti athetse kufalikira kwa avian botulism.
