Sand shark (Carcharias taurus) kapena namwino shark ndi wa nsomba zamatenda.
Nsombazi zimafalikira.
Shark shark imakhala m'madzi a Pacific, Atlantic ndi Indian. Amapezeka m'nyanja zotentha, kupewa kum'mawa kwa Pacific. Imafalikira kuchokera ku Gulf of Maine ku Argentina kumadzulo kwa Atlantic Ocean, mpaka kugombe la Europe ndi North Africa ku East Atlantic, komanso ku Nyanja ya Mediterranean, kuwonjezera, kuchokera ku Australia kupita ku Japan komanso pagombe la South Africa.
Malo okhala nsomba za shark.
Nsombazi zimapezeka m'madzi osaya monga ma bay, malo ophera mafunde, ndi madzi pafupi ndi miyala yamiyala yamiyala kapena miyala. Adawonedwa pakuya kwa mita 191, koma atha kusankha kuti azikhala m'malo ozama pamadzi akuya 60. Nthawi zambiri nsombazi zimasambira kumunsi kwa gawo lamadzi.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa shark wamchenga.
Mbali yakuthengo ya shark shark ndi imvi, m'mimba simayera. Ndi nsomba yomangidwa mozungulira yokhala ndi mawanga osiyana ndi mbali zake za thupi yokhala ndi mawanga achitsulo kapena ofiira. Nsombazi zazing'ono zimakhala pakati pa masentimita 115 ndi 150. Akamakula, nsombazi zimatha kukula mpaka 5.5 mita, koma kukula kwake ndi 3.6 mita. Akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa amuna. Nsomba zamchenga zimalemera 95 - 110 kg.
Anal fin ndi zipsepse ziwiri zakuthambo zofanana. Mchira ndi heterocercal, wokhala ndi lobe yayitali komanso yocheperako. Kutalika kosiyanasiyana kwa malembedwe amchira kumayendetsa nsomba m'madzi mwachangu. Mphuno imaloza. M'mimbamo yam'kamwa imakhala ndi mano atali komanso owonda, lumo lakuthwa. Mano otalikanayo amawoneka ngakhale pakamwa patsekedwa, ndikupatsa mchenga wa shark mawonekedwe owopsa. Chifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi nsomba zowopsa, ngakhale nsomba sizoyenera kutchuka choncho.
Kuswana shark.
Nsomba zamchenga zimaswana mu Okutobala ndi Novembala. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala amuna ochulukirapo kuposa akazi pa chiŵerengero cha 2: 1, kotero amuna angapo amakwatirana ndi wamkazi m'modzi.
Shark shark ndi ovoviviparous, chachikazi chimabala ana kuyambira miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mpaka isanu ndi inayi.
Kubzala kumachitika koyambirira kwa masika pafupi ndi miyala yam'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mapanga omwe kumakhala nsombazi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati malo obalira ndipo ngati agwa, kuswana kwa shark kumasokonezedwa. Zazimayi zazing'ono zimabereka kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse, zili ndi ana awiri. Mkaziyo amakhala ndi mazira mazana, koma dzira likakumana ndi umuna, mwachangu kutalika kwa masentimita 5.5 kumakhala nsagwada ndi mano. Chifukwa chake, ena mwa iwo amadya abale ndi alongo awo, ngakhale mkati mwa mayi, pankhaniyi kudya ana kumachitika.
Palibe chidziwitso chochepa chokhudza kutalika kwa nsomba zamchenga m'nyanja, komabe, omwe amasungidwa kundende amakhala zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi zitatu mpaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Amakhulupirira kuti amakhala nthawi yayitali kuthengo. Nsomba zamchenga zimaswana zaka 5 ndikukula moyo wonse.
Khalidwe la shark.
Nsombazi zimayenda m'magulu mpaka makumi awiri kapena ochepera. Kuyankhulana kwamagulu kumathandizira kupulumuka, kuswana bwino ndikusaka. Nsomba zimagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku. Masana, amakhala pafupi ndi mapanga, miyala, ndi miyala. Iyi si mtundu wankhanira wa shaki, koma simuyenera kulowa m'mapanga okhala ndi nsombazi, sakonda kusokonezedwa. Sharki wamchenga amameza mpweya ndikusunga m'mimba mwawo kuti asatengeke. Chifukwa matupi awo akhama kwambiri amamira pansi, ndikusunga mpweya m'mimba mwawo, motero amatha kukhala osayenda m'madzi.
Anthu okhala mumchenga wa shark ochokera kumpoto ndi kum'mwera kwa hemispheres amatha kusunthira nyengo zawo kumadzi ofunda, kumitengo nthawi yotentha komanso ku equator nthawi yozizira.
Nsomba zamchenga zimamvetsetsa zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi.
Amakhala ndi zibowo padziko lapansi. Ma pores awa ndi chida chodziwira minda yamagetsi yomwe imathandizira nsomba kupeza ndi kupeza nyama, ndipo pakusamuka, kuyenda pamagetsi apadziko lapansi.
Kudyetsa nsombazi.
Nsombazi zimadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zimadya nsomba zamathambo, kunyezimira, nkhanu, nkhanu, squid, ndi mitundu ina ya nsombazi. Nthawi zina amasaka limodzi, kuthamangitsa nsomba m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kenako kuwapha. Nsomba zamchenga zimapha nyama mwachangu, monga nsomba zambiri. Mwambiri, nyama zolusa zam'madzi zimakhala zotetezeka ndipo zimaukira gulu la nsomba pafupi.
Udindo wa sandark.
M'zinthu zachilengedwe za m'nyanja, nsombazi zimadyetsa nyama ndikuwongolera mitundu ina ya zamoyo. Mitundu yambiri yamagetsi (Petromyzontidae) imasokoneza nsombazi, zolumikizira thupi ndikulandila michere kuchokera m'magazi kudzera pachilondacho. Nsombazi zimalumikizana ndi nsomba zoyendetsa ndege, zomwe zimatsuka zonyansa ndikudya zinyalala zomwe zimazika m'mitsinje.
Malo osungira nsomba za shark.
Nsombazi zimakhala pangozi ndipo zimatetezedwa ndi malamulo aku Australia ndipo ndizosowa ku New South Wales ndi Queensland. Nature Conservation Act 1992 imaperekanso chitetezo ku nsombazi. US National Marine Fisheries Service imaletsa kusaka nsombazi.
Shark shark adatchulidwa kuti ndi Ovutitsidwa ndi IUCN.
Nsombazi zimakhala m'madzi osaya, zimawoneka zowopsa, ndipo zimakhala ndi njira zochepa zoberekera. Pazifukwa izi, kuchepa kwa anthu mumchenga wa shark. Maonekedwe owopsa apatsa nsombayo mbiri yosayenerera kudya. Nsombazi zimakonda kuluma komanso kuvulala kwambiri ndikulumwa, koma sizimenyera anthu chifukwa cha zosowa zawo. M'malo mwake, nsombazi zimawonongedwa kuti zipeze chakudya chamtengo wapatali ndi mano, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokumbutsa. Nthawi zina nsomba zimakodwa mu maukonde ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kuti anthu azidya. Kutsika kwa chiwerengero cha asodzi amchenga ndiwowopsa, akuti akuwerengedwa kuti ndi oposa 20% pazaka 10 zapitazi.
