Kutuluka pamutu wofiira - wakuda wowala: chithunzi, kufotokoza

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Kuthawira pamutu wofiira (Aythya ferina) ndi wa banja la bakha, ma anseriformes order. Mayina am'deralo "krasnobash", "sivash" amawonetsa mawonekedwe amtundu wa nthenga za bakha wamutu wofiira.

Zizindikiro zakunja kakuzika pamutu wofiira.

Kutsamira pamutu wofiira kumakhala ndi thupi lokulira pafupifupi masentimita 58, mapiko ake ndi chikhato cha masentimita 72 mpaka 83. Kulemera kwake: kuyambira 700 mpaka 1100. Abakha amtunduwu ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa mallard, wokhala ndi mchira wawufupi, womwe nsana wake umatembenuzidwira m'mwamba posambira. Thupi ndilolimba ndi khosi lalifupi. Miyendoyo imayikidwa kumbuyo kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake kuwuluka kwa mbalame yoyimirira kumakondetsa kwambiri. Bilu ili ndi msomali wopapatiza ndipo ili pafupifupi yofanana ndi kutalika kwa mutu; imakulanso pang'ono pamwamba. Mchira uli ndi nthenga 14 za mchira. Mapewa okhala ndi nsonga zozungulira pang'ono. Khosi ndi mulomo, zomwe zimalumikizana bwino pamphumi, zimapanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi bakha uyu. Nthenga zonse za thupi ndi mapiko zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe akuda.

Yamphongo yomwe imaswana imakhala ndi mutu wofiirira. Ndalamayi ndi yakuda ndimizere yoyera yakutali. Iris ndi yofiira. Msana pafupi ndi mchirawo ndi wamdima; zakumwamba ndi zoyikirako zakuda. Mchirawo ndi wakuda, wonyezimira. Mbali ndi kumbuyo ndizopepuka, phulusa laimvi, zomwe zimawoneka ngati zoyera masana. Mlomo wake ndi wabuluu. Mapazi ndi otuwa. Pouluka, nthenga zaimvi ndi mapiko otuwa pamapiko amapatsa mbalame "kuzimiririka", mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Mkaziyo ali ndi nthenga zotuwa mkati ndi kumbuyo. Mutuwu ndi wachikasu-bulauni. Chifuwa ndi chotuwa. Korona ndi khosi ndizofiirira. Mimba si yoyera kwenikweni. Mlomo wake ndi wa buluu. Mtundu wa makoko ndi wofanana ndi wamphongo. Iris ndi ofiira ofiira. Achinyamata onse amawoneka ngati achikazi achikulire, koma mitundu yawo imakhala yofanana kwambiri, ndipo mzere wotumbululuka kumbuyo kwa maso ukusowa. Iris ndi wachikasu.

Mverani mawu akumutu wofiira.

Malo okhala bakha wamutu wofiira.

Mitu yofiira imakhala m'madzi okhala ndi madzi akuya m'malo otseguka okhala ndi nkhalango zamitengo komanso malo otseguka. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'malo otsika, koma ku Tibet amakwera mpaka mamita 2600. Akasamuka, amaima kunyanja komanso kunyanja. Amadyetsa m'madamu okhala ndi zomera zambiri zam'madzi. Nyanja zamchere zokhala ndi chakudya chofooka zimapewa. Olowa pamitu yofiira amakhala m'madambo, mitsinje yokhala ndi bata, maenje akale amiyala yokhala ndi mabanki okutidwa ndi bango. Amayendera malo osungiramo zinthu ndipo, makamaka, malo osungira.

Bakha wofiira afalikira.

Ma diving ofiira ofiira anafalikira ku Eurasia mpaka ku Lake Baikal. Mitunduyi ikuphatikizapo Eastern, Western ndi Central Europe. Mbalame zimapezeka makamaka kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Russia, ku Central Asia, m'chigawo cha Lower Volga komanso m'nyanja ya Caspian. Amakhala m'madamu a North Caucasus, Krasnodar Territory, ku Transcaucasus. Akamauluka, amaima ku Siberia, madera akumadzulo ndi pakati pa gawo la Europe ku Russia. Olowa pamutu wofiira amakhala m'nyengo yozizira kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Russia, kumadera akumwera kwa Europe, kumpoto kwa Africa, ndi East Asia.

Makhalidwe amomwe mutu wofiira umakhalira.

Mbalame zam'mutu wofiira - zophunzira kusukulu, zimakhala chaka chonse m'magulu. Mitengo yayikulu mpaka mbalame 500 nthawi zambiri imapangidwa nthawi yozizira.

Magulu okulirapo a mbalame 3000 amawoneka panthawi ya molt.

Redheads nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'magulu osakanikirana ndi abakha ena. Sakuthamangira kwambiri kukwera m'mlengalenga pakagwa ngozi, koma amakonda kungolowera m'madzi kuti abisalire. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa kuti mbalame ziwuke pamwamba pamadzi, zimayenera kudzikakamiza kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu ndi mapiko awo. Komabe, atanyamuka posungira, ma dives amutu wofiira amachotsedwa mwachangu m'njira yolunjika, ndikupanga phokoso lakuthwa ndi mapiko awo. Amasambira ndikusambira bwino kwambiri. Kufika m'madzi a abakha ndiwakuya kwambiri kotero kuti mchirawo pafupifupi theka la utali wake wabisika m'madzi. Pamtunda, anthu amisala yofiira amayenda mothina, ndikukweza chifuwa chawo. Kulira kwa mbalame ndikokosera komanso kukuwa. Munthawi yam'madzi, olowa pamutu wofiira amataya nthenga zawo zoyambirira ndipo sangathe kuuluka, chifukwa chake amadikirira nthawi yovuta limodzi ndi ma dive ena kumadera akutali.

Kubalana kwa bakha wamutu wofiira.

Nthawi yoswana imayamba kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni ndipo nthawi zina kumadera ogawa kumpoto. Osiyanasiyana omwe ali ndi mitu yofiira amapanga awiriawiri omwe ali mgulu lakusamukira ndikuwonetsa masewera olimbirana omwe amawonedwanso m'malo okhala ndi zisa. Mkazi mmodzi akuyandama pamadzi wazunguliridwa ndi amuna angapo. Zimayenda mozungulira, kugwetsera mlomo wake m'madzi, ndikung'ung'uza kwambiri. Amuna amaponyera mitu yawo kumbuyo, ndikutsegula milomo yawo yokwera pamwamba. Nthawi yomweyo khosi limafufuma. Kenako mutu umabwerera mwadzidzidzi pamzere ndi khosi lalitali.

Masewera akulumikizana amatsagana ndi malikhwerwe otsika komanso mawu akumveka.

Ikakwerana, yamphongo imakhala pafupi ndi chisa, koma sasamala za ana. Chisa chimakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri mumiyala yamiyala, pamiyendo kapena m'nkhalango zam'mbali, chimakhala ndi bakha pansi. Nthawi zambiri ili limakhala dzenje lokhalokha m'nthaka, lokhazikitsidwa ndi tsango la zomera. Chisa chimakhala ndi masentimita 20 mpaka 40 osaya.Zisa zina zimamangidwa mozama mpaka masentimita 36, ​​zimawoneka ngati nyumba zoyandama ndipo zimapitirizabe kukhala pansi pa madzi mumtsinje wa bango. Nthawi zina mazira oyamba amayikidwa ndi bakha mu thireyi lonyowa kapena ngakhale m'madzi. Bango, sedge, chimanga chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira, kenako gawo lakuda kwamdima kozungulira zomanga kuchokera mbali. Pakalibe mkazi, fluff imayikidwanso pamwamba.

Mkazi amaikira mazira 5 mpaka 12. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 27 kapena 28. Ankhandwe amakhala ndi akazi kwa masabata asanu ndi atatu.

Kudyetsa bakha wofiira.

Mitu yamtundu wofiira imadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, imadya pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chimabwera m'madzi. Komabe, amakonda makamaka charov algae, mbewu, mizu, masamba ndi masamba azomera zam'madzi monga duckweed, pondweed, elodea. Akamadumphira pansi, abakha amatenganso mollusks, crustaceans, nyongolotsi, leeches, kafadala, mphutsi za caddis ndi chiromonids. Bakha amadya chakudya makamaka m'mawa ndi madzulo. Ma dives ofiira ofiira amatayika pansi pamadzi atakankhidwa pang'ono ndipo samatulukira masekondi 13 - 16. Amakonda kudyetsa m'madzi oyera pakati pa 1 ndi 3.50 mita, koma amatha kumwaza m'madzi osaya.

Mu Ogasiti, kukula kwa bakha kumadya mphutsi zazikulu za chironomid. M'dzinja, pamatupi amadzi amchere, mitundu yofiira imatulutsa mphukira zazing'ono za salicornia ndi quinoa.

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Onerani kanemayo: Edgar ndi Davis - Pakuopa Kulaula Bwalo (November 2024).