Phala wonyezimira ndi mbalame yachilendo ya m'banja la phaeton. Dzina lachi Latin la nyama ndi Phaethon lepturus.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa phala woyera.
Mbalame yotchedwa phaeton yoyera imakhala ndi thupi lolimba pafupifupi masentimita 82. Wingspan: 90 - 95 cm. Kulemera kwake: kuyambira 220 mpaka 410 g. Izi ndi mbalame zokhala ndi malamulo okongoletsa komanso nthenga za mchira wautali zokongola. Mtundu wa nthenga mu mbalame zazikulu ndi zoyera. Chizindikiro chakuda ngati comma chimafikira pang'ono kupyola maso, chikuwazungulira. Madera awiri akuda, opangidwa mozungulira, amapezeka pamapiko ataliatali komanso osongoka, omwe amasinthidwa kuti apange maulendo ataliatali panyanja.
Kutalika kwa mzere pamapiko a anthu osiyanasiyana kumasiyana. Mzere woyamba wakuda uli kumapeto kwa nthenga zazikulu, koma sudutsa. Mzere wachiwiri mdera lamapewa amapewa mabatani omwe amawoneka bwino pakuuluka. Miyendo ndi yakuda kwathunthu ndi zala. Mlomo ndi wowala, wachikaso wachikaso, wotetemera kuchokera m'mphuno ngati mawonekedwe. Mchira ndi woyera komanso uli ndi nthenga ziwiri zazitali zazitali, zomwe zakuda msana. Iris ya diso ili ndi kulocha kofiirira. Nthenga za mwamuna ndi mkazi zimawoneka chimodzimodzi.
Ma phaeton achichepere ndi oyera ndi mitsempha yakuda pamutu pawo. Mapiko, msana ndi mchira ndi mthunzi wofanana. Khosi, chifuwa ndi mbali zimakhalabe zoyera. Monga mbalame zazikulu, chikwangwani chakuda chimapezeka pamaso, koma chimatchulidwa pang'ono kuposa ma phaeton akuluakulu. Mlomo ndi wa imvi ndi nsonga yakuda. Nthenga zazitali zazitali, monga mbalame zakale, kulibe. Ndipo patatha zaka zinayi zokha, ma phaeton achichepere amakhala ndi nthenga, monga akulu.
Mverani mawu a phala woyera.
Kufalitsa kwa phaeton yoyera.
Phala loyera ndi loyera limagawidwa m'malo otentha. Mtundu uwu umapezeka kum'mwera kwa Indian Ocean. Amakhala ku Western and Central Pacific Ocean ndi South Atlantic. Madera angapo a mbalame ali m'mbali mwa Nyanja ya Caribbean. Mtunduwu umakhudza madera mbali zonse ziwiri za dera la equator.
Kukhazikika ndi kuswana kwa mphamba woyera.
Ma phaetoni oyera amamera nthawi iliyonse ndi chakudya chochuluka komanso nyengo yabwino. Mbalamezi zimapanga magulu awiri omwe amasonyeza maulendo apadera othamanga. Amachita zokongola, zimauluka mozungulira ndi kukwera mpaka mita 100 kutalika ndikutsika kodabwitsa nthawi zonse kufanana ndi wokondedwa wawo. Pakukwerana, yamphongo imawuluka mwadzidzidzi pamwamba pa mnzakeyo ndikupinda mapiko ake pamwamba. Nthawi zina mukamauluka mutha kuwona pafupifupi mbalame khumi ndi ziwiri nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimatsatirana mwachangu m'malere ndikulira kwakukulu.
Munthawi yodzala zisa, mapaetoni oyera oyera amapanga madera pagombe, pomwe pamakhala miyala ndi miyala yambiri. Malo oterewa satha kupezeka kwa adani ndipo amateteza mbalame ku ziwopsezo. Miphika yoyera si mbalame zokhala m'malo ambiri, ngakhale kuli kuwonjezeka kwa mpikisano wopeza malo abwino okhala zisa. Nthawi zina azimuna amalimbana kwambiri ndi milomo yawo, kuvulaza mdani kwambiri, kapena kumamupha.
Pambuyo paulendowu, ma phaeton awiri amasankha malo okhala ndi zisa. Amuna amamanga chisa pakona yokhayokha yotetezedwa ku dzuwa, nthawi zina mumthunzi wamitengo, pansi pa chimanga kapena pakuthira kwa nthaka. Mkaziyo amaikira dzira limodzi lofiirira-lofiirira lomwe lili ndi mawanga ambiri, omwe amawombedwa ndi mbalame zazikulu, osinthana masiku khumi ndi atatu aliwonse. Chowotchera choyamba chikatayika, chachikazi chimayikanso dzira pakatha miyezi isanu. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 40 mpaka 43. Poyamba, mbalame zazikulu zimatenthetsa mwana wankhuku, koma kenako zimazisiya kwa nthawi yayitali zikawuluka munyanja kukadya. Nthawi zambiri, anapiye amafa ndi adani komanso pankhondo zomwe anthu ena amakonzekera polimbana ndi malo okhala. Mbalame zazikulu kuchokera kunyanja ndipo zimadyetsa mwana wankhuku ndikubwezeretsanso mulomo.
Ma phaetoni achichepere amakula pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri yokha mwanapiyeyo amasinthidwa ndi nthenga zoyera ndi mawanga akuda. Kuthawa pachisa kumachitika masiku 70-85. Phiri lalitali limapanga maulendo ake oyenda limodzi ndi mbalame zazikulu. Kenako makolowo amasiya kudyetsa ndi kusamalira ana awo, ndipo mbalame yaying'onoyo imachoka pachilumbacho. Achinyamata a phaeton molts ndi nthenga zake zimakhala zoyera kwathunthu. Ndipo mchaka chachitatu cha moyo, nthenga zazitali zazitali zimakula. Ma phaeton achichepere amapatsa ana msinkhu ndipo amakhala pamalowo pamalo opangira zisa.
Makhalidwe amtundu wa phaeton yoyera.
Mtundu wa phaeton woyera umakhala ndi mitundu ingapo yokhala kunyanja. Thupi losanjikizika ndi mapiko akulu amalola kusaka kwamadzi nyama. Ndipo m'nyengo yokha yoswana m'pamene mbalame zimayandikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja kuti zisafike kumatanthwe okwera komanso obisika. Kukula kwake ngati mphalapala zoyera zimawoneka zikuuluka, mbalame zimawoneka zosasunthika pansi. Pamtunda, phaeton woyera woyera amadzimva wosatetezeka, amayenda movutikira kwambiri. Miyendo yayifupi imathandizira kusambira m'madzi, koma siyabwino kwathunthu pamoyo wapadziko lapansi.
Ziphuphu za mchira woyera zimadyetsa zokha komanso zimakhala nthawi yayitali munyanja. Amagwira ntchentchezo ndi mlomo wosungunuka, kuwonetsa luso lodabwitsa. Ziphuphu za mchira woyera zimadumphira m'madzi akuya mpaka 15 mpaka 20, ndikugwira nsomba, kenako ndikuzimeza ndege isanakwere. Amakhala mwakachetechete pamadzi, akuyenda pamafunde, chifukwa nthenga zawo sizikhala ndi madzi. Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, mapaetoni oyera amakhala akungoyendayenda okha. Akuluakulu ndi ana omwe amakhala mdera lawo samagawana mtunda wautali, ndi anthu ena okha omwe amasamukira kumpoto kuchokera ku Bermuda.
Kudyetsa phaeton yoyera.
Phiri loyera loyera limadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, makamaka, zimadya nsomba zouluka (zofala zazitali, zamiyala yayitali), squid kuchokera kubanja la ommastrefida ndi nkhanu zazing'ono.
Mkhalidwe wa mitundu ya chilengedwe.
Phiri loyera ndi loyera kwambiri m'malo ake. Mitunduyi imakhala pachiwopsezo m'malo ena chifukwa chakuchepa kwa malo okhala. Ntchito yomanga malo okopa alendo imabweretsa zovuta zina kwa mbalame zodzisankhira pachilumba cha Christmas. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mitundu yovulaza ya mbewa monga makoswe ku Puerto Rico kumabweretsa mavuto oberekana a mapaetoni oyera, ndipo nyama zowononga zimawononga mazira ndi anapiye. Ku Bermuda, agalu amphaka ndi amphaka zimawopseza. Pazilumba zomwe zili m'nyanja ya Pacific, anthu amderalo amatolera mazira a mbalame kuchokera ku zisa, kusokoneza kubereka kwachilengedwe.
