Belostoma ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kamadzi, kamene kali m'banja la Belostomatidae, dongosolo la Hemiptera.
Uyu ndiye nthumwi yayikulu kwambiri ya Hemiptera. Pafupifupi mitundu 140 ya belostom imakonzedwa. Amapezeka kumadera otentha komanso madera otentha. Pali mitundu iwiri yamitundu yomwe imakhala ku Far East, amatchedwa Lethocerus deyrolli ndi Ap-pasus major. Belostomy ndi zimphona zenizeni pakati pa tizilombo.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa belostoma
Belostoma ili ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 10 - 12, anthu akulu kwambiri amafika 15 cm.
Amasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mapiko ake akuthwa, opindika kutsogolo okhala ndi zikopa zomwe zimafanana ndi zikhadabo za nkhanu kapena zinkhanira. Zida zam'kamwa za belostoma ndi proboscis yayifupi komanso yopindika, yofanana ndi mlomo. Mwaimuna, thupi lakumtunda limakhala lolumphuka, mawonekedwe awa amapatsidwa ndi mazira omwe amanyamula okha. Maonekedwe akunja a mphutsi amafanana ndi tizilombo tating'ono, koma opanda mapiko.
Belostoma inafalikira
Belostomy amakhala m'matupi akum'mwera chakum'mawa ndi kum'mawa kwa Asia.
Malo okhala Belostomy
Belostoma imapezeka m'matupi osaya amadzi okhala ndi madzi othamanga kapena osasunthika. Amagawidwa m'mayiwe ndi m'madzi omwe amadzaza ndi madzi, nthawi zambiri m'mitsinje ndi m'mitsinje. Zitha kupezeka m'madzi amchere am'mphepete mwa nyanja. Amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi, kunja kwa dziwe, belostomas amapezeka panthawi yobwezeretsanso, akawulukira kumalo ena.
Chakudya cha Belostomy
Belostoma ndi nyama yodya nyama yomwe imasaka nyama kuti idye tizilombo, nkhanu, amphibiya. Malovu ali ndi zinthu zapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa wovutikayo. Kenako tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timangoyamwa madziwo. Pakulimbana ndi nyamayo, belostoma imagwira wolakwirayo ndi zotsogola zamphamvu ndikuyigwira ndi zingwe zapadera. Kenako amalowetsa chibakera m'thupi mwake ndikubaya jakisoni woziziritsa thupi. Madzi am'mimbawa amakhala ndi michere yomwe imasungunula ziwalo zamkati kukhala bowa, pambuyo pake belostoma imayamwa michere kuchokera m'thupi la wovulalayo.
Ziwombankhanga zazikulu za banja la Belostomatidae zitha kuukira ngakhale akamba otetezedwa ndi chipolopolo chachikulu. Oba Shin-ya, katswiri wa sayansi ya zamoyo ku yunivesite ya Kyoto, anali woyamba kuona chiwonongeko cha belostoma. Mmodzi mwa ngalande m'munda wa mpunga, adapeza chikopa choyera cha Lethocerus deyrolli, chomwe chidakanirira kamba. Miyeso ya belostoma inali yochititsa chidwi - 15 cm.
Kamba wachi China wokhotakhota katatu (Chinemys reevesii) sanali wocheperako poyerekeza ndi chilombocho ndipo anali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 17. Nthawi yomweyo, belostoma sichiwononga chipolopolocho ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito proboscis yokhayo, kuyilowetsa m'thupi lofewa la zokwawa. Kamba wamakona atatu, yemwe amakhala m'madzi a ku Japan, amavulaza asodzi, ndikudya mwachangu nsomba zambiri zamalonda. Akamba (Chinemys reevesii) adabweretsedwa ku Japan kalekale ndikuchulukirachulukira, popeza sanapeze adani pamikhalidwe yatsopanoyi. Koma pakadali pano, ma belostomes adayamba kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zokwawa.
Ngati belostoma palokha imakhala chinthu chosakidwa, ndiye kuti imasiya kuyenda, kutsanzira kufa kwake.
Nsikidzi zimawopseza adani ndi madzi onunkhira osasangalatsa omwe amatuluka mu anus.
Kubereka kwa belostomy
Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, mitundu ina ya belostom imaikira mazira pamwamba pazomera zam'madzi. Koma pali mitundu yomwe imawonetsa chisamaliro chodabwitsa kwa ana awo. Akakwatirana, belostomy yachikazi imayikira mazira opitilira 100 kumbuyo kwaimuna ndikuimata ndi zomata zapadera. Yamphongo imangoteteza ana, komanso imapatsa madzi okwanira okosijeni, ndimayendedwe amiyendo yake, kapena amayika thupi lake lakumtunda mwachidule pamwamba pamadzi. Munthawi imeneyi, amuna samasambira komanso samasaka.
Pambuyo pa milungu iwiri, mbozi zimachoka kumbuyo kwa kholo ndikulowa m'madzi.
Mphutsi zikatuluka m'mazira, amuna amasiya kudya, chifukwa chake, ataswana, kuchuluka kwa amuna kumachepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kusungidwa kwa dzira kwakukulu kumatsimikiziridwa. Kusintha kwa dzira kukhala kachilombo wamkulu kumatenga zoposa mwezi. Mu nsikidzi, chitukuko sichikwanira, ndipo mphutsi ndizofanana ndi tizilombo tachikulire, koma ndizochepa kukula. Amakhala ndi ma molts angapo, pambuyo pake mapiko, zida zakunja zimawonekera ndipo ziwalo zoberekera zimapangidwa.
Belostomy ku Japan imawerengedwa kuti ndi chizindikiro cha abambo omwe amasamalira ana awo.
Kusintha kwa Belostomy
Belostomy ndi tizilombo tomwe timasinthidwa kuti tizikhala m'madzi. Ali ndi thupi ndi miyendo yowongoka kuti ziwathandize kusambira. Mukamayenda m'madzi, miyendo imakhala ngati opalasa, ndipo tsitsi lakuda limakulitsa kupalasa, ndikufalikira pakuthyola kwamphamvu. Kupuma kwa belostom kumachitika ndi mpweya wam'mlengalenga, womwe umalowa m'machubu zopumira kudzera potsegula kumapeto kwa mimba. Ndizochepa, komanso mpweya ndi wocheperako, chifukwa chake nsikidzi nthawi zambiri zimakwera pamwamba pa posungira kuti ipume.
Chida china chosangalatsa chimapezeka mu belostom: pali malo akuda amiyendo pamiyendo. Awa ndi nembanemba yokhala ndi maselo amisempha. Amazindikira kusinthasintha kwa madzi ndi kuya kwa dziwe. Chifukwa cha "limba" ili, nsikidzi zam'madzi zimayendera nyama.
Kuteteza kwa belostomy
Ku Japan, belostoma Lethocerus deyrolli adatchulidwa mu Red Book m'gululi: "ali pangozi." M'mayiko angapo ku East Asia, kuphatikiza zigawo zina za Japan, chakudya chokazinga choyera chimadyedwa. Chakudya chokoma ichi chimakonda nkhanu zokazinga, ndipo kutsekemera kwa ma gland kumatako kumakometsa kukoma kwa mitundu ina ya msuzi wa soya.
Nsikidzi zazikulu zayamba kudya anthu.
Amagwidwa pafupifupi m'malo ena osiyanasiyana, chifukwa chake amatetezedwa.
Kodi belostomy imavulaza chiyani kwa anthu?
Nthawi zina, belostomas imasambira osambira. Kuluma kwa nsikidzi ndi kowawa, koma sikowopsa m'moyo, zotsatirazi zimangodutsa mwachangu.
M'ngululu ndi kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ma belostoms amapanga maulendo ataliatali kupita kumadzi ena. Ngakhale tizilombo timauluka usiku, kukumana nawo sikofunikira. Kuphulika kumaso komwe kunayambitsidwa ndi kachilombo kotereku sikungakondweretse aliyense, chifukwa chake simuyenera kulowererapo pamiyendo kuti muthe.
