Kite yofiira (Milvus milvus) ndi ya oda ya Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja za mphamba yofiira
Kite wofiira ndi 66 masentimita kukula kwake ndipo ali ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 175 mpaka 195.
Kulemera kwake: 950 mpaka 1300 g.
Nthengawo ndi tsitsi lofiirira - lofiira. Mutu uli ndi milozo yoyera. Mapikowo ndi opapatiza, ofiira, okhala ndi nsonga zakuda. Ma underwings ndi oyera. Mchira ndi échancrée kwambiri ndipo zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kusintha njira. Mkazi ndi wopepuka pang'ono. Pamwambapa pamakhala bulauni yakuda. Chifuwa ndi mimba ndi zofiira zofiirira komanso zakuda. Pansi pake ndi pakamwa pozungulira diso pali chikasu. Mthunzi womwewo wa mawoko. Iris akuyenda.
Malo okhala mphamba.
Kite wofiira amakhala m'nkhalango zotseguka, nkhalango zochepa kapena nkhalango zowuma ndi kapinga. Zimapezeka m'malo obzala mbewu, m'minda yamatope kapena m'madambo. Makamaka amakonda nkhalango m'mphepete mwa madera akumapiri, komanso zigwa, bola pali mitengo ikuluikulu yoyenera kukaikira mazira.
Zisa m'nkhalango zowirira komanso zosakanikirana, minda, malo odyetserako ziweto ndi malo otentha, mpaka 2500 mita.
M'nyengo yozizira, amapezeka m'malo opyapyala, m'ziyangoyango zamatchire ndi madambo. Wodziwika kuti wonyezimira mzindawo, amapitabe kunja kwa mizinda ndi matauni.
Kaiti yofiira ikufalikira
Kaiti yofiira imapezeka kwambiri ku Europe. Kunja kwa European Union, imapezeka m'malo ena kum'mawa ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Russia.
Mbalame zambiri zomwe zimapezeka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Europe zimasamukira kumwera kwa France ndi Iberia. Anthu ena amafika ku Africa. Omwe amasamukira kumayiko ena amapita kumwera pakati pa Ogasiti ndi Novembala ndikubwerera kumayiko awo pakati pa February ndi Epulo
Makhalidwe a kite wofiira
Ma kites ofiira kumwera ndi mbalame zokhala pansi, koma anthu okhala kumpoto amasamukira kumayiko aku Mediterranean ngakhale ku Africa. M'nyengo yozizira, mbalame zimasonkhana m'magulu akuluakulu mpaka 100. Nthawi yonseyi, ma eyiti ofiira nthawi zonse amakhala mbalame zokhazokha, koma panthawi yoswana amapanga awiriawiri.
Kite wofiira amapeza nyama zake zambiri pansi.
Nthawi imodzimodziyo, nthawi zina chilombo chokhala ndi nthenga chimakhala mwakachetechete kwambiri, pafupifupi sichimayima, chimakhala mlengalenga, chikuyang'ana nyama yomwe ili pansi pake. Akaona zovunda, zimatsika pang'onopang'ono asanafike pafupi. Ngati kaiti yofiira iwona nyama yonyamula, imatsika ndikutsetsereka, ndikuyika miyendo patsogolo pokhapokha ikatera kuti igwire wovulalayo ndi zikhadabo zake. Nthawi zambiri imadya nyama yomwe ikuuluka ikamauluka, ikunyamula mbewa ndi zikhadabo ndi kuimenya ndi mlomo wake.
Ikamauluka, mphamba wofiira umayenda mozungulira, paphiri komanso pachigwa. Amasunthira pang'onopang'ono komanso mosafulumira, amatsata njira yomwe yasankhidwa, akuyang'ana mosamala pansi. Nthawi zambiri imakwera pamwamba kwambiri, imagwiritsa ntchito kayendedwe ka mpweya wofunda. Amakonda kuwuluka nyengo yoyera, ndipo amabisala pakugwa mitambo kapena kukugwa mvula.
Kubalana kwa mphamba yofiira
Ma kites ofiira amapezeka m'malo obisalira kumapeto kwa Marichi komanso koyambirira kwa Epulo.
Mbalamezi zimamanga chisa chatsopano chaka chilichonse, koma nthawi zina zimakhala mnyumba yakale kapena chisa cha khwangwala. Chisa chachifumu chaku Milan nthawi zambiri chimapezeka mumtengo wokwera mita 12 mpaka 15. Nthambi zowuma zazifupi zimakhala zomangira. Zomangazo zimapangidwa ndi udzu wouma kapena mabango abweya wa nkhosa. Poyamba, chisa chimawoneka ngati mbale, koma mwachangu chimanyinyirika ndikupanga mawonekedwe a nthambi ndi zinyalala.
Mkazi amaikira mazira 1 mpaka 4 (kawirikawiri). Ali ndi zoyera zowala ndi madontho ofiira kapena ofiirira. Makulitsidwe amayamba nthawi yomweyo mkazi atayikira dzira loyamba. Wamphongo nthawi zina amatha kuzisintha pakangopita nthawi yochepa. Pakatha masiku 31 mpaka 32, anapiye amawoneka okhala ndi zonona pamutu, komanso kumbuyo kwa mthunzi wabulauni, m'munsimu - kamvekedwe koyera - kokometsera. Ali ndi zaka 28, anapiyewo amakhala okutidwa kale ndi nthenga. Mpaka koyamba kuchoka pachisa pakatha masiku 45/46, ana amphaka amalandira chakudya kuchokera kwa mbalame zazikulu.
Kudya kite kofiira
Chakudya cha mphamba yofiira chimasiyana kwambiri. Nyamayo imakhala yosinthasintha modabwitsa ndipo imatha kusintha msanga malinga ndi komwe kuli. Amadyetsa zovunda, komanso amphibiya, mbalame zazing'ono ndi zinyama. Komabe, munthu ayenera kukumbukira kusowa kwachangu pakuuluka kwa ma kites ofiira, chifukwa chake imagwira ntchito yolanda nyama. Pafupifupi 50% ya chakudya chake imagwera pamiyendo yopanda mafupa, kafadala, orthopterans.
Zifukwa zakuchepa kwa mphamba zofiira
Zowopsa zazikuluzikuluzi ndi izi:
- kuzunzidwa kwa anthu
- kusaka kosalamulirika,
- kuipitsa ndi kusintha kwa malo,
- kugundana ndi mawaya ndi magetsi pamagetsi amagetsi.
Kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo kumakhudza kubereka kwa mphamba zofiira. Choopseza kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi poyizoni wosaloledwa wowononga mbalame ngati tizirombo ta ziweto ndi nkhuku. Komanso poyizoni wa poizoni wa poizoni ndi poyizoni wachiwiri wogwiritsa ntchito makoswe oopsa. Kite wofiira ali pachiwopsezo chifukwa mitundu iyi ikucheperachepera.
Njira Zowonera Red Kite
Kite yofiira imaphatikizidwa mu Annex I wa EU Birds Directive. Mitunduyi imayang'aniridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri; Zochita zomwe zimayang'aniridwa zimatengedwa kuti zizisunge m'malo mwake. Kuyambira 2007, ntchito zingapo zobwezeretsanso anthu zakhala zikuchitika, cholinga chake chachikulu ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka ku Italy, Ireland. EU Conservation Action Plan idasindikizidwa mu 2009. Mapulani adziko lonse lapansi ali ku Germany, France, Balearic Islands ndi Denmark ndi Portugal.
Ku Germany, akatswiri akuphunzira zamphamvu za malo amphepo amphepo pachisa cha Red Kites. Mu 2007, kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbalame zazing'ono zitatu ku France zinali ndi zida zoulutsira Kanema kuti zizilandira pafupipafupi.
Njira zazikulu zotetezera mphamba wofiira ndi izi:
- kuyang'anira kuchuluka ndi zokolola za kubereka,
- kukhazikitsa mapulojekiti obwezeretsanso.
Malamulo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo, makamaka ku France ndi Spain. Kuchuluka m'dera la nkhalango zomwe ndizotetezedwa ndi boma. Kugwira ntchito ndi eni nthaka kuteteza malo okhala ndikupewa kuzunzidwa kwa ma kites ofiira. Ganizirani zoperekanso chakudya cha mbalame m'malo ena.
