Chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean (Aquila adalberti) ndi cha dongosolo la Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean
Pyrenean Eagle ndi mbalame yayikulu yodya 85 masentimita kukula kwake ndi mapiko a 190-210 cm. Kulemera kumakhala pakati pa 3000 mpaka 3500 g.
Mtundu wa nthenga za mbalame yodya nyama imakhala yofiirira mofananamo; kumbuyo kwake, mawanga oyera oyera amakhala osiyana, paphewa. Thupi lakumtunda ndi lofiirira kwambiri, nthawi zina ndimayendedwe ofiira kumtunda.
Nthenga za mutu ndi khosi zimakhala zachikasu kapena zoyera poterera, ndipo zimawoneka patali ngati zoyera kwathunthu, makamaka mu ziwombankhanga zakale. Nthenga za nkhope zimakhala zofiirira, nthawi zina zimakhala zakuda. Mbali zosiyana ndizotsogola zoyera zamapiko ndi mawanga oyera pamapewa. Mawonekedwe amalo osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana ndi msinkhu wa chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean. Gawo lakumtunda la mchira ndi lotuwa, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi loyera kapena lokhala ndi mzere wofiirira, wokhala ndi mzere wakuda wakuda ndi nsonga yoyera. Iris ndi hazel. Sera ndi yachikasu, mtundu womwewo ndi mapazi.
Mbalame zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi nthenga zofiira, zokhala ndi pakhosi loyera, komanso chotupa cha mtundu womwewo. Mchira ukhoza kukhala wofiirira kapena wotuwa ndi nsonga yachikaso. Komabe, mtundu wa nthenga umasintha pambuyo pa molt woyamba. Pothawira, malo oyera oyera amadziwika kumapeto kwa nthenga zazikulu zamapiko. Iris ndi bulauni yakuda. Sera ndi mawoko ndi achikasu. Ali ndi zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu, ziwombankhanga zazing'ono zimakhala ndi nthenga zakuda bii. Pakhosi, pachifuwa ndi pamwamba pa mapikowo akadali achikasu.
Nthenga, monga ziwombankhanga zazikulu, pamapeto pake zimawonekera zaka 6 - 8.
Malo okhala chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean
Chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean chimapezeka kumapiri, koma osati pamalo okwera kwambiri. Pofuna kumanga mazira, imasankha malo pansi pamapiri ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Zimapezeka pamalo otsika kwambiri m'minda ndi m'mapiri ozunguliridwa ndi mitengo yosawerengeka. Malo okhala ndi kuchuluka kwa nyama. Chifukwa chake, malo okhala ndi zisa akhoza kukhala ochepa ngati chakudya chilipo. Pansi pazimenezi, kutalika kwa zisa ndizochepa kwambiri.
Kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Iberia, zisa za chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean, chiwombankhanga cha njoka ndi chiwombankhanga chachifumu nthawi zambiri zimayandikana. Malowa ndi ochuluka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa akalulu ndi hares, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakudya kwa mbalame zodya nyama.
Kukula kwa chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean
Chiwombankhanga cha Iberia ndi amodzi mwa ziwombankhanga zosowa kwambiri ku Europe ndipo amakhala ku Peninsula ya Iberia kokha. Amakhala moyo wongokhala, kumangoyendetsa pang'ono malo okhala posaka chakudya.
Makhalidwe a chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean
Chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean chimasiyanitsidwa ndi luso lapadera logwira nyama zikuuluka, koma mosadziletsa mbalame yodya nyama imatenga mbalame zazing'ono ndi zazing'ono kuchokera padziko lapansi. Amakonda kusaka m'malo otseguka opanda tchire. Kuuluka ndi kusaka kwa chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean kumachitika pamtunda wokwera. Nyamayo ikaona nyama yake, imamira mwamphamvu kuti isake nyama ija. Pakati paulendo wozungulira, chiwombankhanga chimayang'anitsitsa pang'onopang'ono.
Kubalana kwa chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean
Nthawi yoswana ya ziwombankhanga za ku Pyrenean imachitika nthawi yachilimwe. Pakadali pano, mbalame zimapanga kuwuluka, zomwe sizosiyana kwambiri ndi maulendo ena amitundu ina ya ziwombankhanga. Mbalame ziwiri zimayandama mumlengalenga ndi kulira kwakanthawi kochepa komanso kwakanthawi. Chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimadumphadumpha wina ndi mzake, ndipo cha pansi pake chimatembenuza mapewa awo ndikupereka mapiko awo kwa mnzake.
Chisa ndi nyumba yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imawonekera patali, nthawi zambiri imakhala pachimtengo cha oak.
Gulu lililonse la ziwombankhanga za ku Pyrenean nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zisa ziwiri kapena zitatu, zomwe zimagwiranso ntchito limodzi. Kukula kwa chisa ndi mita imodzi ndi theka masentimita 60, koma kukula kwake kumakhala kovomerezeka pazisa zomwe zimamangidwa koyamba. Zisa zomwe mbalame zimakhalira kwa zaka zingapo motsatizana zimakhala nyumba zazikulu zomwe zimafikira mita ziwiri ndikutalika komweko. Amamangidwa kuchokera ku nthambi zowuma ndipo amakhala ndi udzu wouma ndi nthambi zobiriwira. Zipangizazi zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi mbalame zazikulu, koma makamaka zazimayi zimamanga.
Ntchito yomanga chisa chatsopano imatenga nthawi yayitali, sizikudziwika kuti izi zikuchitika mpaka liti. Koma nthambi zimayikidwa mwachangu, makamaka masiku makumi awiri dzira loyamba lisanaikidwe. Kukonza kapena kumanganso chisa chakale chomwe chidagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka zapitazo kumatha kutenga masiku 10 mpaka 15, nthawi zina kupitilira apo.
Mu Meyi, mkaziyo amayikira dzira limodzi kapena atatu oyera ndi mawanga abulauni ndi madontho ang'onoang'ono aimvi kapena ofiirira, osowa bulauni.
Makulitsidwe amayamba wachiwiri ataikidwa. Mulimonsemo, monga mukudziwa, anapiye awiri oyamba amawoneka nthawi imodzi, pomwe achitatu atangotha masiku anayi. Yaikazi ndi yamphongo imamanga motowo kwa masiku 43, ngakhale kuti yaikazi makamaka imakhala m'mazira.
Ali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, ziwombankhanga zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi nthenga zoyambirira. Pakatha masiku 55, zimakhwima, anapiye achikulire amachoka pachisa ndikukhala panthambi za mtengo, ana otsalawo amatuluka patangopita masiku ochepa. Anapiye okulira amakhala pafupi ndi chisa, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amabwerera kumtengowo. Mbalame zazikulu sizimawathamangitsa kwa miyezi ingapo. Kenako mbalamezo zimasiyana ndipo zimakhala palokha.
Kudyetsa chiwombankhanga
Zakudya za chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimakhala ndi nyama zazikulu zapakatikati, komabe, chakudya chachikulu ndi ma hare ndi akalulu. Nyama yamphongoyo siyilola mbalame zapakatikati, makamaka magawo ndi zinziri. Imasaka abuluzi. Amadya nyama yakufa komanso yatsopano. Sizokayikitsa kuti ana ang'onoang'ono kapena ana ankhosa aukiridwa, chilombocho chili ndi mitembo yokwanira yomwe ili pansi. Nthawi zina, chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean chimadya nsomba ndi tizilombo tambiri.
Kuteteza kwa chiwombankhanga cha Pyrenean
Chiwombankhanga cha Iberia chidalembedwa pa CITES Zowonjezera I ndi II. Madera 24 ofunikira mbalame amadziwika kuti ndi amtunduwu:
- 22 ku Spain,
- 2 ku Portugal.
Malo okwana 107 otetezedwa ndi malamulo (mayiko ndi EU PAs), omwe amakhala 70% ya mbalame zosawerengeka. European Action Plan Yosunga Mphungu ya Pyrenean idasindikizidwa mu 1996 ndikusinthidwa mu 2008. Pafupifupi € 2.6 miliyoni adagwiritsa ntchito popewa kufa kwa mbalame kuti zigundane ndi magetsi.
Kuwongolera kuwongolera ndikusintha kwa malo oberekera kunadzetsa zotsatira zabwino. Achinyamata 73 anatulutsidwa ku Cadiz ngati gawo limodzi lokonzanso, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2012, magulu asanu obereketsa ali m'chigawochi. Komabe, ngakhale atayesetsa kuchita izi, ziwombankhanga za ku Pyrenean zikupitirizabe kufa chifukwa cha magetsi.
