Buzzard yofiira kumbuyo (Geranoaetus polyosoma) ndi ya oda ya Falconiformes.
Zizindikiro zakunja kwa khungubwe yofiira
Buzzard woboola kumbuyo amakhala ndi thupi lokulirapo masentimita 56, ndi mapiko otalika masentimita 110 mpaka 120. Kulemera kwake kumafika 950 g.
Mtundu uwu wa akhungubwe uli ndi mapiko ndi miyendo yayitali. Mchirawo ndi wautali wapakatikati. Silhouette yomwe ikuuluka ikufanana kwambiri ndi ma butéonidés ena. Imeneyi ndi ya mtundu wa malaya amtundu wa nthenga, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mbalame zimakhala ndi mitundu iwiri yosiyana ya nthenga. Komabe, mithunzi yoyera komanso malankhulidwe amdima ndiyambiri.
- Mbalame zokhala ndi utoto wonyezimira zili ndi nthenga zakuda, kupatula pamphumi ndi masaya, zotsekemera zakuda. Mbali zakumunsi za thupi ndi zoyera, zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda pambali. Mchira ndi woyera ndi mzere wakuda wakuda. Mkazi ndi wamdima wakuda pamwambapa, wakuda kuposa wamwamuna. Mutu wake ndi mapiko ake zimawoneka zakuda. Mbalizo zimakhala zofiira kwathunthu, ndi kofiira kofiira nthawi zambiri kumawoneka pakati pa mimba.
- Mwa mawonekedwe akuda amphongo, nthenga pamwamba ndi pansi zimasiyanasiyana mdima wakuda mpaka wakuda. Nthenga zonse zimakhala ndi zikwapu zomveka bwino. Nthenga za mkazi kumutu, mapiko, kumbuyo kumbuyo, pachifuwa, ntchafu komanso kumunsi kwa mchira pansipa ndi zakuda. Nthenga zotsalazo ndizotsika pang'ono pang'ono kapena pang'ono pang'ono.
Akazi ali ndi nthenga zina: mutu ndi magawo akuthupi a thupi ndi amdima, koma mimba, ntchafu ndi malo kumatako ndi zoyera ndi mikwingwirima yambiri yamtundu wa imvi. Chifuwacho chimazunguliridwa ndi mzere wosavomerezeka. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakhala ndi nthenga zakuda pamwamba ndi zowunikira zazikulu, zomwe zimawoneka makamaka pamapiko. Mchira ndi wakuda ndi zikwapu zingapo zakuda. Pansi pake pa thupi pamakhala zoyera mpaka chamois. Chifuwacho chili ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira. Pakati pa mbalame zazing'ono, mitundu yakuda komanso yowala imapezekanso.
Malo a buzzard ofiira ofiyira
Buzzards ofiyira kumbuyo, monga lamulo, amapezeka m'malo otseguka. Mbalamezi zimatha kuwonedwa m'malo otentha m'chigwa cha Andes kumpoto kwa South America, nthawi zambiri pamapiri a pamwamba pa mitengo, pakati pa zigwa zouma komanso zitunda zomwe zili m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific, komanso zigwa za ku steppes owuma a Patagonia.
Akhungubwe obwerera kumbuyo nthawi zambiri amakonda malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira kapena malo otsetsereka omwe amayenda m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, m'nkhalango zowirira, m'munsi mwa mapiri, kapena m'malo ena amitengo ya Nechofagus. M'mapiri kukwera kuchokera kunyanja kufika pamamita 4600. Komabe, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa pakati pa 1,600 ndi 3,200 mita. Ku Patagonia, ali pamwamba pa 500 mita.
Kugawidwa kwa Buzzard kofiyira
Buzzard wobwerera kumbuyo kwawo amapezeka kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa South America.
Nyumbayi ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Bolivia, pafupifupi Chile, Argentina ndi Uruguay. Mbalame yodyerayi sikupezeka ku Venezuela, Guiana ndi Brazil. Koma imapezeka ku Tierra del Fuego, Cap Horn, ngakhale ku Falklands.
Makhalidwe a buzzard wobwerera kumbuyo
Buzzards ofiyira kumbuyo amakhala okha kapena awiriawiri. Mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimagona pamiyala, pansi, pamitengo, pamakoma, nkhadze zazikulu kapena nthambi, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti aziyang'ana mozungulira. Nthawi zina amabisika pang'ono ndi denga la mitengo yayitali.
Monga mbalame zambiri zamtundu wa Buteo, ma buzzard obwerera kumbuyo amauluka mlengalenga, m'modzi kapena awiriawiri. Palibe zambiri zazing'onoting'ono zina za acrobatic. M'madera ena, akhungubwe obisalira ofiyira ndi mbalame zokhalamo, koma nthawi zambiri zimasamuka. Pakati pa Marichi ndi Novembala, komanso kuyambira Meyi mpaka Seputembala, ziwerengero zawo zimachepa kwambiri pakati ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Mbalame zodya nyama akuti asamukira kumayiko oyandikana nawo monga kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay ndi kumwera kwa Brazil.
Kubalana kwa khungubwe wofiira kumbuyo
Nyengo yakukhalira ma buzzards ofiyira kumbuyo imasiyana munthawi yake kutengera dziko lomwe mbalame zimakhala. Amabereka kuyambira Disembala mpaka Julayi ku Ecuador ndipo mwina Colombia. Seputembala mpaka Januware ku Chile, Argentina ndi Falklands. Buzzards ofiyira kumbuyo amamanga chisa kuchokera ku nthambi, makamaka zazikulu, kuyambira kukula kwa 75 mpaka 100 sentimita m'mimba mwake.
Mbalame zodya nyama m'modzi mwa mbalame zisa nthawi zingapo motsatana, motero kukula kwake kumakula pafupipafupi chaka ndi chaka.
Mkati mwa chisa muli mizere yobiriwira, moss, ndere, ndi zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumadera ozungulira. Chisa nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotalika, 2 mpaka 7 mita, pa kanthanga, chitsamba chaminga, mtengo, mzati wa telegraph, mwala wamwala kapena mwala. Nthawi zina mbalame zimakhazikika m'mbali mwa phiri lalitali muudzu wandiweyani. Kuchuluka kwa mazira ophatikizira kumatengera dera lokhalamo.
Ku Ecuador, nthawi zambiri pamakhala mazira 1 kapena awiri pachisa chilichonse. Ku Chile ndi ku Argentina kuli mazira awiri kapena atatu mu clutch. Makulitsidwe amatenga masiku 26 kapena 27. Kutuluka kwa mbalame zazing'ono kumachitika pasanathe masiku 40 ndi 50 kutuluka.
Kudyetsa Buzzard Buzzard
Magawo asanu ndi anayi mwa magawo khumi azakudya za buzzards ofiyira kumbuyo amakhala ndi nyama. Mbalame zomwe zimadya nyama ya makoswe monga nkhumba (Guinea), octodons, tuco-tucos ndi akalulu achichepere. Amagwira ziwala, achule, abuluzi, mbalame (zazing'ono kapena zovulala), ndi njoka.
Buzzards ofiyira kumbuyo nthawi zambiri amasaka pothawa, kulola kuti inyamulidwe ndi zosintha, kapena kungoyimilira. Ngati nyamayo sapezeka, ndiye kuti mbalamezi zimauluka pamwamba mpaka mamita zana asanachoke kumalo osakira. Mbalame zodya nyama zimasakanso m'minda, nkhalango kapena mapiri. M'mapiri kapena pamalo okwera kwambiri, amakhala akugwira ntchito tsiku lonse.
Kuteteza kwa khungubwe wofiira
Buzzard yamtundu wofiira imafalikira kudera lalikulu pafupifupi ma kilomita 4.5 miliyoni. Kwa izi kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa za 1.2 miliyoni sq. M. km, komwe mbalame zodya nyama nthawi yachisanu m'nyengo yozizira ku South Africa. Kuchuluka kwake sikunawerengedwe, koma owonera ambiri amavomereza kuti zamoyozi ndizofala ku Andes ndi Patagonia. M'mapiri ndi m'mapiri a Ecuador, khungubwe yakumbuyo kofiyira ndiye mbalame yofala kwambiri. Ku Colombia, mdera lomwe lili pamwamba pamtengo, chilombo chokhala ndi nthenga ichi chimakonda kwambiri.
Ngakhale ziwerengero za mbalame zikuchepa pang'ono ku Ecuador, Chile ndi Argentina, zikuzindikirika kuti anthuwo ndiopitilira 100,000. Khungubwe yakumbuyo kofiyira imadziwika kuti ndi mitundu yazosavomerezeka kwenikweni yomwe ingawopsezedwe pang'ono.
