Kwa munthu amene wasankha kuyambitsa nyanja yamadzi koyamba, funso likubwera - ndi chiyani chofunikira panyanja yam'madzi? Zida zotani? Munkhaniyi mupeza zida za m'nyanja ya aquarium, zosefera zamtundu wanji, zotenthetsera zina, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zimasiyana bwanji?
Zowotchera, zosefera, ndi kuyatsa ndi gawo lofunikira lam'madzi am'madzi otentha amakono ndipo pano pali zida zingapo zoti musankhe. Ndizovuta kusankha choyenera osadziwa chilichonse, koma sichotsika mtengo ndipo chimayenera kugwira ntchito kwanthawi yayitali komanso moyenera.
Mitundu ina yam'madzi am'madzi imakhala ndi zonse zomwe mukufuna nthawi imodzi, kuphatikiza nyali, zosefera, ndi zina zambiri, koma ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri.
Kupatula zosefera ndi zida zina zazikulu, pali zinthu zazing'ono zofunikira - maukonde, zingwe zotsukira zosefera, zotsukira magalasi ndi zina zazing'ono. Komabe, ndi sefa, nyali ndi chotenthetsera zomwe ndi zida zodula kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri. Ndiye ndi zida ziti zomwe mumafunikira ku aquarium?
Fyuluta ndi chiyani?
Zosefera zonse zimagwira ntchito pazinthu zitatu zofunika: kusefera kwamakina, kwachilengedwe, komanso mankhwala. Makina kusefera kumachotsa tinthu tomwe timawoneka m'madzi ndikupangitsa kukhala yoyera komanso yowonekera.
Monga lamulo, kusefera kwachilengedwe mu fyuluta kumachitika chifukwa chakuti pampu imapopera madzi kudzera mu siponji kapena nsalu yotsuka, kusefa zinyalala. Chinkhupule ndichotseka komanso chosavuta kuchapa. Zosefera zina zimagwiritsa ntchito masiponji osiyanasiyana, okhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana, kuyeretsa madzi kuchokera ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana.
Mawotchi kusefera makamaka amapereka chiyero chowoneka ndi madzi, koma nsomba, monga lamulo, sizimasiyanitsa ndi kuwonekera kwa madzi, chifukwa mwachilengedwe amakhala m'madzi osiyanasiyana.
Siponji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu fyuluta imakhala yofunika kwambiri - kusefera kwachilengedwe. Mabakiteriya opindulitsa amakula pamwamba pa siponji omwe amathandiza kuwononga mankhwala owopsa m'madzi, monga ammonia.
Zotsalira za chakudya chodyedwa, ndi zinyalala za nsomba, zimapanga ammonia, yomwe ndi poizoni kwambiri kuwedza ndipo iyenera kuchotsedwa m'madzi. Mu fyuluta yachilengedwe, ammonia imasokonekera kukhala ma nitrites, omwe alibe poizoni.
Gulu lina la mabakiteriya, nitrites, amasandulika kukhala nitrate, omwe ali owopsa pokhapokha. Pofuna kutulutsa poizoni, pamafunika mabakiteriya ambiri. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwazosefera zachilengedwe, kumakhala bwino.
Mtundu wachitatu wa kusefera ndi mankhwala, imagwiritsa ntchito njira zapadera zochotsera poizoni m'madzi. Kusefa kwamafuta sikofunikira mu aquarium, koma imathandiza pochotsa nsomba kapena kusalingana ndipo imathandiza kwambiri.
Kodi zosefera ziti za aquarium ndi ziti?
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yazosefera za aquarium - pansi, mkati ndi kunja. Fyuluta yapansi imadutsa madzi panthaka kenako ndikutsanuliranso m'madzi.
Kusuntha kwa madzi kumayang'aniridwa ndi pampu. Nthaka imagwira ntchito ngati fyuluta yamakina komanso yachilengedwe, kutola zinyalala ndikupanga malo okhala mabakiteriya. Ngakhale fyuluta yapansi ndiyosavuta kuyisamalira, ndizovuta kuyipanganso komanso siyabwino kwenikweni kwa malo okhala ndi zomera.
Zomera sizimakonda kuyenda kwa madzi ndi mpweya pafupi ndi mizu. Mtengo wa fyuluta wapansi ndi pafupifupi wofanana ndi mtengo wa zosefera zamkati, koma zosefera zamkati nthawi ino sizotsika, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimadutsa, zapansi, chifukwa chake kutchuka kwa zosefera pansi kumachepa.
Fyuluta yamkati
Nthawi zambiri, zosefera zamkati zimakhala ndizosefera komanso nyumba. Pali chinkhupule mkati mwa thupi chomwe chimasefa kwachilengedwenso ndi makina. Pampu imapopera madzi kudzera siponji, zinyalala zimachotsedwa ndipo mabakiteriya amasintha ammonia ndi nitrite kukhala nitrate.
Zosefera zina zamkati zimakhala ndi zipinda zapadera momwe zida zosefera zimatha kuwonjezeredwa.
Fyuluta yamkati ndiye chisankho chotchuka kwambiri kwa omwe akuyamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndikosavuta kusamalira, imagwira ntchito yake bwino.
Fyuluta yakunja
Ichi ndi chithunzi chachikulu cha fyuluta yamkati yomwe imagwira ntchito kunja kwa aquarium.
Madziwo amadutsa m'matope mpaka pa kabotolo, komwe amasefedwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana ndikubwerera m'nyanja.
Kukula kwakukulu kumawonjezera kusefera bwino. Popeza fyuluta yakunja ili kunja kwa aquarium, nthawi zambiri imabisidwa mu kabati, kuphatikiza apo, imamasula malo mkati mwa mtsuko womwewo.
M'madzi okhala ndi nkhokwe zowirira kapena komwe kuli nsomba zazikulu, zosefera zakunja ndiye yankho labwino kwambiri.
Kusankha chotenthetsera madzi a m'nyanja
Pali mitundu yambiri yamitundu yosiyana kwambiri pakati pawo. Zotenthetsera zotsika mtengo ndizodalirika pang'ono ndipo ndizoyenera kukhala ndi ma aquariums akuluakulu. Kutsika mtengo - khalani ndi chitsimikizo chachifupi, chomwe sichimakhudza magwiridwe antchito.
Chotenthetsera chimakhala ndi chinthu chotenthetsera ndi imodzi, yomwe ili mkati mwa chubu chosindikizidwa ndipo idapangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pansi pamadzi.
Thermostat yakhazikitsidwa pamtengo womwe mukufuna, ndipo imatseguka pokhapokha kutentha kutatsika pansi pamzere. Zowonjezera zambiri zimasunga kutentha molondola madigiri a + -.
Madzi akulu akulu amafunikira zotenthetsera zamphamvu. Monga lamulo, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa zotenthetsera mphamvu ndizochepa.
Koma apa ndikofunikira kuti musalakwitse ndi mphamvu, wamphamvu kwambiri imatha kutenthetsa madzi, ndipo wocheperako samayitentha mpaka kutentha kofunikira.
Kudziwa mphamvu zomwe mukufuna ndi kophweka - bokosilo likuwonetsa kusuntha kwa chotenthetsera.
Kuwala kwa aquarium
Ngakhale pali mitundu yambiri yazida, kuyatsa kwa fulorosenti ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene. Magetsi a fulorosenti m'nyanja yamchere si ofanana mnyumba. Zapangidwa mwapadera kuti kuyatsa kuyandikire pafupi ndi dzuwa momwe zingathere.
Chowunikiracho chimakhala ndi choyambira kapena chowunikira poyambitsa nyali ndi nyali zokha. Nyalizo ndizopanda madzi ndipo madzi ochokera ku aquarium sadzakhala ochepa.
Ubwino wa nyali za fluorescent za m'nyanja yamadzi ndikuti zimawotchera pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, nyali ya 90 cm imagwiritsa ntchito ma watts 25, pomwe nyali wamba imagwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 60.
Kwa nyali zotere, gawo lofunikira ndi sipekitiramu, ndiye kuti, kusiyana kwake, zina ndizoyenera zopezeka m'madzi, zina za akatswiri azitsamba, ndipo ena amatsindika mtundu wa nsomba bwino.
Mutha kupanga chisankho chanu pofunsa wogulitsa. Kapena tengani zosavuta, pakapita nthawi mumvetsetsa zomwe mukufuna.
Compressor
Nsomba zam'madzi anu zimafunikira mpweya kuti upume. Mpweya umalowa m'madziwo pamwamba, ndipo mpweya woipa umasanduka nthunzi kutuluka m'madzi.
Mtengo wosinthira umadalira kukula kwa madzi ndi zomwe zilipo pano. Galasi lalikulu lamadzi limathandizira kusinthana kwa gasi, komwe kumapindulitsa nsomba.
Ntchito yayikulu ya kompresa ndikupereka mpweya m'madzi kudzera mu thovu lomwe limakwera pamwamba. Mpweya wa m'mabuluwo umasungunuka m'madzi, kuwonjezera apo, umapangitsa kuyenda kwa madzi ndikufulumizitsa kusinthana kwa gasi.
M'madzi ambiri am'madzi, kompresa yokhayo siyofunikira, popeza fyuluta imagwiranso ntchito yomweyo poyambitsa madzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, zosefera zambiri zimakhala ndi malo othamangitsira omwe amasakanikirana ndi thovu lamadzi mumtsinjewo.
Compressor imatha kuthandizira pokhapokha ngati njala ya oxygen yachitika m'madzi, mwachitsanzo, pochiza nsomba mu aquarium.
Imeneyi ndi ntchito yokongoletsa, anthu ambiri amakonda momwe thovu limakwera pamwamba.
Komabe, malo ambiri okhala m'madzi safunika kukhala ndi kompresa yokha.
