Zikuwoneka bwanji alpaca ndipo ndi wosiyana bwanji ndi lama? Alpaca (mawu ake ali pa syllable yomaliza) ndi nyama mita imodzi kutalika kwake ndi khosi kutalika kuchokera kubanja la ngamila. Omenyedwa ndi Amwenye am'deralo, zaka zoposa zikwi ziwiri zapitazo ku South America, kumapiri. Mitundu ya chinyama ichi, chifukwa cha ubweya wake wofunika kwambiri padziko lapansi, imafalikira kwambiri, makamaka ku Australia, komwe nyengo ili yoyenera kwa iwo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Alpacas
Kuti aphunzire za nyamayi ndi zizolowezi zake, asayansi atha zaka zambiri akuwunika DNA ya nyamayo ndikuwonetsetsa zowona zake:
- ndi za zinyama;
- gulu la artiodactyls;
- kuyang'anira zovuta;
- banja la ngamira;
- mtundu wa vicuna.
Pali mitundu ingapo ya nyama padziko lapansi, yofanana ndendende. Yoyamba ndi ma llamas akulu kwambiri, ma guanacos ndi ocheperako komanso ofupikirapo msinkhu, ndi ma vicuñas, omwe kunja kwake amasiyana ndi ang'ono ang'ono ndi chisomo, chabwino, ndipo shaggy kwambiri ndi alpaca. Nyamazi zakhalapo kuyambira kale, koma kunja kwake sizinasinthe. Wamkulu amalemera makilogalamu 70, ndikukula mpaka mita imodzi kutalika.
Kanema: Alpaca
M'mayiko aku South America, ma alpaca amawumbidwa mwachilengedwe, m'malo odyetserako ziweto. Chifukwa chake, akutero am'deralo, nthawi yomwe amakhala ndi moyo ndi yayitali kwambiri, ndipo akuchulukirachulukira. Adabweretsedwa kudera la Europe pafupifupi zaka 20 zapitazo, ndi cholinga chokula ngati chiweto chokongoletsera. Ngakhale mtunduwu suli wotsika mtengo, iwo omwe adadzilola okha "zapamwamba" izi amadziwa kuti chiweto chomwe chimakonda chimadzipatsa chokha ndipo "kulumikizana" naye chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.
Pali mitundu iwiri ya alpaca: Wakaya ndi Suri. Mbali yapadera ndi ubweya wa nkhosa.
- Ubweya wa Suri umapachikidwa m'makola a nkhumba pansi ndipo ndi wofewa makamaka komanso wokongola. Ichi ndi alpaca yamtengo wapatali kwambiri komanso yosawerengeka.
- Huacaya, chifukwa chakulimba kwake komanso chovala chake, ndiye mtundu weniweni wa alpaca. Amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zopangira zomwe ndizosavuta kusanja kuposa za Suri.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Alpaca
Chifukwa chosowa ziboda, amapatsidwa gawo loyang'anira. Chimanga ichi chimalowetsa phazi ndi ziboda. Miyendo yawo yazipilala ziwiri yokhala ndi zikhadabo zopindika ndi mawonekedwe okhota. Kumtchire, zikhadabo zimafufutidwa pamiyala ndi kukhathamira kwa zigwa zamiyala, ndipo ngati chiweto chimasungidwa m'khola, ndiye kuti zikhadazo ziyenera kudulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Mukamayenda, amapuma pa phalanges zala, chifukwa chake msipu saponderezedwa. Pazitsulo, amafunikira pansi pofewa ngati udzu.
Amang'amba zomera ndi milomo yawo ndikutafuna chakudya mothandizidwa ndi zotsekemera, popeza kulibe mano apamwamba. Ndi ukalamba, zotengera zimatha ndikukula pang'onopang'ono. Pokhala ndi ubweya wakuda, amamva bwino m'mapiri okhala ndi kutalika kwa 3 zikwi mita, komanso amatha kupuma mpweya wamapiri ataliatali okhala ndi mpweya wocheperako. Thupi la nyama yowala imasinthidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito zitsamba zambiri. Kwa tsiku lonse amasonkhanitsa chakudya m'mimba mwachilendo ndi zipinda zitatu (zinyama zina zimakhala ndi zinayi), ndipo madzulo amazikonza.
Mwa amwenye akale, ubweya wa alpaca unkatengedwa ngati ndalama zosinthana, ndipo manyowa anali mafuta amtengo wapatali komanso abwino kwambiri. Khungu limagwiritsidwa ntchito kusoka zovala. Nyama ya Alpaca imadyedwa, koma kawirikawiri. Adzakhala othandiza kwambiri akakhala ndi moyo.
Pakadali pano, ubweya amawerengedwa kuti ndiwopamwamba kwambiri komanso wokwera mtengo kwambiri. Popanga zinthu zopanga zomwe zimawala kwambiri komanso zofewa, amagwiritsa ntchito nsalu zazing'ono za alpaca. Ndipo pamakapeti ndi zovala zakunja, ubweya wa okalamba ndiwabwino.
Kodi alpaca amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Zosangalatsa alpaca
Nyamazi zimakhala makamaka mdera la South America Andes ku Altiplano (dera lamapiri, lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri) komanso m'maiko aku mapiri aku Peru, zimadya ku Ecuador ndi Argentina. Kumene kuli nyengo yovuta komanso yosinthika, mungapeze gulu. Pamalire a chipale chofewa, pomwe zomera ndizosowa, koma ndi nkhalango zomwe zimakopa nzika zaku Peru kumeneko.
Chile ndi Argentina ali ndi ziweto zomwe sizimangokhalapo zomwe zimagwidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti atole ubweya. M'mayiko ena, monga ku Africa, m'malo awo achilengedwe, samapulumuka monga momwe kumakhalira malo okhala zigwa. Ndipo nyengo yotentha kwambiri siyothandiza kuswana kwabala zipatso. Ku England ndi New Zealand amaphunzitsidwa ndipo amakhala m khola lapadera.
Pali malo angapo azomera ku Russia, koma kulima alpaca ndi luso lonse. Amakhala ndi denga pamvula ndi chipale chofewa. Sakusowa chipinda chofunda, koma amafunika kutetezedwa ku mphepo.
Kodi alpaca amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Alpaca
M'malo awo achilengedwe, samakonda kudya ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito timitengo tating'onoting'ono, ntchentche ndi zomera zokometsera zokoma komanso minga kuti zigaye chakudya mwachangu. Ndipo ngati umasunga nyama m khola, ndiye kuti uyeneradi kupereka chakudya chofanana ndi chomwe chimamera m'malo awo achilengedwe. Udzu wina wolimba, wopanda udzu wokhala ndi udzu wobiriwira wokhala ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, nthaka imasiyana motani ndi maiko aku South America. Onetsetsani kuti mwadya masamba ndi zipatso. Ngati mukufuna, perekani mkate wakuda wakuda.
Koma ngati ziweto zikudya msipu, ndiye kuti alimi amabzala mbewu zopatsa thanzi monga nyemba ndi clover m'malo odyetserako ziweto. Kumwa mopanda malire komanso kupezeka kwa maloboti amchere ndizofunikira kuti tipewe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso chimbudzi chabwino. Akazi oyamwa amafunikira mapuloteni owonjezera.
Ngati mukufuna corral, ndiye muyenera kudziwa kuti akungokhalira mitengo ndi zitsamba. Chifukwa chake, mpandawo uyenera kumangidwa kutali ndi tchire la lilac, lomwe limatha kuvulaza nyama. Chabwino, sungani mitengo yazipatso, chakudya chokoma kwambiri. Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa kumakhudza ubweya waubweya. Kunyumba, ku Andes, udzu umakula - ichu, chakudya chokha cha alpaca aku Peru. Chifukwa chake, ku Peru, mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ya nyama izi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Cute alpaca
Nyama zoyera ndi maso okoma. M'mayiko aku Argentina, mutha kupeza mwana akusewera ndi mwana kapena wamkulu. Cholengedwa chosakhala chaukali chimakhala chokoma mtima kwa munthu. Ngati mumenya nyama imodzi m'gulu la ziweto, imagwera pansi nthawi yomweyo osadzuka. Pochita izi, alimi nthawi zambiri amadula tsitsi lawo.
Azimayi oyembekezera amawonetsa kukwiya kwa eni zosasangalatsa. Amatha kutsina kapena kulavulira.
Alpaca amakhala bwino ndi ziweto. Abusa akhala otsimikiza mobwerezabwereza kuti amatha kudyetsa nkhosa, kupulumutsa gulu. Poyenda pakati pa udzu, amadyetsa pang'ono udzu wouma, ndikuchotsa minga yawo. Phokoso lomwe amapereka limafanana ndi nyimbo. Ndikumveka uku, amawonetsa chidwi, nkhawa kapena zoopsa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby alpaca ndi amayi ake
Powoloka alpaca ndi ma llamas, amapeza ana oweta - Uarisos. Koma mbewuyo payokha singathenso kuberekana. Llamas, alpacas, guanacos zimasakanizana mosavuta. Kukula kwazimayi mwa akazi kumayamba kuyambira miyezi 18-24, ndipo mwa amuna kuyambira miyezi 24-30. Amakhala okonzekera kuswana kwathunthu ndikubereka pambuyo pazaka ziwiri.
Nthawi yokwatirana ndi chaka chonse. Kuswana kuthengo "kumayang'aniridwa" ndi yamphongo yomwe, osalola "alendo". Ndipo ngati magulu awiri kapena atatu agwirizana, nkhondo yayikulu imachitika m'malo odyetserako ufulu wachibadwidwe ndipo mtsogoleri aliyense amaonetsetsa kuti kukwatirana sikuchitika ndi amuna akunja. Ndipo mu ukapolo, munthu amakhala wolamulira ndikusankha amuna odalirika komanso achonde. Mutha kudziwa za umuna wa munthu wamkazi mwa machitidwe ake. Nthawi zambiri amakhala wokonzeka kukwatira ngakhale atabereka, koma ngati ali ndi pakati kale, samalola kuti yamphongo imuyandikire.
Akazi sali olimba makamaka panthawi yoyembekezera komanso kuperewera kwapadera kumakhala kofala. Mwana wosabadwayo amatengedwa kwa miyezi khumi ndi chimodzi. Ngati mwana amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi moyo, ndiye kuti amabadwa akulemera kilogalamu imodzi ndipo mu ola limodzi amadzuka kale paokha. Amakula mwakhama ndipo amafika makilogalamu 35-40 ndi miyezi 9. Kwenikweni, mwana mmodzi, nthawi zambiri awiri, omwe amamwalira pambuyo pake. Pa nthawi yobereka, gulu la ziweto limakhala pafupi, pamlingo wachibadwidwe wokakamizidwa amafunika kuti aziteteza kwa mkazi komanso kubereka alpachon.
Adani achilengedwe a alpaca
Chithunzi: Alpaca ndi galu 🙂
Kumtchire, adani ndi ma cougars, jaguar, ndi mmbulu. Cougars ndi akambuku amakhala m'malo amenewo, ndipo ngati munthuyo ndi wamkulu, ndiye kuti ng'ombezo sizingalimbane nazo, atatayika m'modzi mwa achibale. Mwinamwake cougar ndiye nyama yokhayo yomwe imakwera pamwamba pamapiri. Koma pofunafuna alpaca, imachedwa kutopa, zomwe zimapatsa mwayi gulu lonselo.
Amapewa zolusa zazing'ono pomenya ndi miyendo yakutsogolo. Amamva bwino nyama yolusa patali ndikuchenjeza mwamphamvu za ngozi yomwe ikubwera. Kubangula kumeneku, komwe kumatola gulu lonselo, kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndikuwopsyeza adani. Kuthamanga kwachangu kumawombola ku mimbulu yolowa - osungulumwa ndi nkhandwe. Podziteteza, kulavulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komwe kumathandizanso motsutsana ndi adani. Kulavulira kumagwiranso ntchito m'gulu la ziweto polimbana ndi chakudya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Alpacas
Akuyerekeza kuti pali 3.5-4.5 miliyoni alpaca. Chiweto chidapangidwa zaka 2.5 miliyoni zapitazo. Guanacos ndi vicuñas nthawi zonse amakhala akutali, akumakulirakulira, pomwe ma llamas ndi alpaca adayamba kuweta zaka 5-6 zikwi zapitazo. Kuchuluka kwa alpaca kwatsika kwanthawi yayitali, kuyambira nthawi ya apainiya kumayiko aku South America komanso kuthengo, popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi anthu sangapezekenso. Atsamunda, obereketsa ziweto zawo, "adayendetsa" ziwetozo kumalo osadutsika a Andes, izi zidachepetsa kwambiri ziweto. Koma amayenera kuzolowera kumapiri ndikufunafuna malo okhala msipu wopingasa. Kupatula apo, sangathe kulumpha mapiri. Zizindikiro zakunja pakati pa alpaca ndi llama zitha kukhala zosokoneza.
Koma pali kusiyana pakati pa nyama izi:
- makutu aatali ndi otsitsidwa a llama ali ofanana ndi kachigawo ka mwezi. Ndipo mu alpaca asololedwa;
- mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa nkhope ya alpaca ndizazungulira komanso zazing'ono. Mu lama, imatalikirana komanso yopapatiza;
- kulemera kwa llama ndikokwera kwambiri, kawiri;
- ma llamas amakhala osungulumwa m'moyo, alpaca yolandila amakhala osangalala;
- ubweya wakale umakhala wolimba, pomwe wa llamas.
Nyamazi zimasiyananso m'mikhalidwe komanso machitidwe. Alpaca sachita nkhanza, ndipo ma llamas amatha kukankha kapena kulavulira popanda chifukwa. Makampani aku Britain posaka zinthu zachilengedwe adabweretsa zopangira kuchokera ku ubweya kupita kumsika wansalu. Chifukwa chake, nyama zamtundu uwu zidatuluka mumthunzi ndipo zidayambanso kulemekezedwa ndi anthu. Kusaka nyama zamtunduwu, komanso ma vicuñas, kunali koletsedwa.
Anthu oteteza zachilengedwe ati anthu a alpaca sawopsezedwa, ndipo palibe chifukwa chofulumira kuwalembera mu Red Book. Koma, ku Peru kuli ulamuliro pazogulitsa kunja ndi kupha nyama.
Tiyenera kutchula za zomwe zili mu alpaca fiber. Amabwera mumitundu 16 mpaka 18. Kuyambira choyera mpaka imvi chokhala ndi pinki, kuyambira wachikaso mpaka bulauni yakuda. Mutha kupeza mitundu yakuda, koma momwemonso, kamvekedwe koyera ndikofunikira, ndikosowa kwambiri. Makampani opanga nsalu, palibe chifukwa chovala utoto, umagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachilengedwe.
Ubweya wa Alpaca umadziwika ndi izi:
- chinyezi ndi madzi;
- kulemera kopepuka ndi mawonekedwe ofewa;
- kotentha kuposa ubweya wa nkhosa;
- Chogulitsacho sichibaya ndipo sichimayambitsa chifuwa;
- kuvala ndipo sikudetsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa chosowa kwa lanolin.
Alpaca Amapereka ubweya wabwino kwambiri ndipo amasiyanitsa bwino ndi nsalu zina zachilengedwe. Zovala zolimba komanso zabwino sizingapezeke.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 24.01.2019
Idasinthidwa: 17.09.2019 pa 9:29
