Zokambirana zilizonse zokhudzana ndi nsomba zolusa sizokwanira ndikutchula mitu ya njoka. Snakehead ndi nsomba, ngakhale ndi yachilendo kwambiri.
Amakhala ndi mayina awo pamutu wawo wolimba komanso thupi lalitali, lokhala ndi njoka, ndipo masikelo pamutu pawo amafanana ndi khungu la njoka.
Mitu ya njoka ndi ya banja la Channidae, komwe sikudziwika bwinobwino; Kafukufuku waposachedwa pamaselo awulula kufanana ndi ma labyrinths ndi ma eel.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, malo okhala mitu ya njoka ndi otakata, amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Iran komanso kum'mawa kwa Afghanistan, China, Java, India, komanso ku Africa, mumtsinje wa Chad ndi Congo.
Komanso, ma aquarists osasamala adalowetsa mitu ya njoka m'madzi aku United States, komwe adasinthiratu ndikuyamba kuwononga mitundu yachilengedwe. Tsopano nkhondo yovuta koma yosapambana ikuchitika nawo.
Pali mitundu iwiri (Channa, Parachanna), yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu 34 (31 Channa ndi 3 Parachanna), ngakhale mitundu yambiri ya njoka ndi yayikulu ndipo mitundu ingapo sinatchulidwebe, mwachitsanzo Channa sp. 'Lal cheng' ndi Channa sp. ‘Five-lane kerala’ - ngakhale agulitsa kale.
Katundu wosazolowereka
Chimodzi mwazinthu zachilendo pamutu wa njoka ndikumatha kunyamula mosavuta mpweya wokwanira m'madzi. Izi ndichifukwa choti ali ndi matumba opumira omwe amalumikizidwa ndi khungu (ndipo kudzera mwa iwo amatha kuyamwa mpweya), womwe umawalola kupuma mpweya wamlengalenga kuyambira unyamata.
Mitu ya njoka imapuma mpweya wa m'mlengalenga, ndipo imafuna kuwonjezeredwa nthawi zonse kuchokera pamadzi. Ngati sangakwanitse kufika pamwamba, amangokanika.
Izi si nsomba zokha zomwe zimakhala ndi kupuma kotereku, mutha kukumbukira Clarius ndi arapaima wotchuka.
Pali kusamvetsetsa pang'ono poti popeza nsomba imapuma mpweya ndikukhala m'madzi osasunthika, opanda oxygen, zikutanthauza kuti ipulumuka m'nyanja yam'madzi m'malo abwino kwambiri.
Ngakhale mitu ina ya njoka imalola kusiyanasiyana kwamadzi, ndipo imatha kukhala kwakanthawi m'madzi ndi pH ya 4.3 mpaka 9.4, ochulukirapo amadwala ngati magawo amadzi asintha modabwitsa, monga kusintha kwamadzi kwakukulu.
Mitundu yambiri ya njoka mwachilengedwe imakhala yofewa (mpaka 8 GH) ndi madzi osalowerera ndale (pH 5.0 mpaka 7.0), monga lamulo, magawo awa ndi abwino kusungidwa mumtsinje.
Ponena za zokongoletsera, ndizodzichepetsa, sizomwe zimasambira, ndipo ngati sizokhudza kudyetsa, zimangoyenda pokhapokha mukafuna kupuma mlengalenga.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala akukwera m'madzi kapena kumaikira pansi. Chifukwa chake, chomwe amafunikira ndi mitengo yolowerera ndi nkhalango zowirira momwe amatha kubisala.
Nthawi yomweyo, mitu ya njoka imakonda kugwidwa mwamphamvu, kapena kugwedezeka mwadzidzidzi, komwe kumasesa zokongoletsa m'njira zawo, ndikukweza matope kuchokera pansi. Kutengera ndi izi, miyala ndi yomwe ingakhale nthaka yabwino kwambiri, osati mchenga, chifukwa mchenga wosalimba umatseka zosefera mwachangu kwambiri.
Kumbukirani kuti mitu ya njoka imafuna mpweya kuti ikhale ndi moyo, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kusiya mpweya wokwanira pansi pa chivundikirocho.
Kuphatikiza apo, chivundikiro ndichofunikira popeza nawonso amalumpha kwambiri, ndipo moyo wamutu wopitilira umodzi wa njoka udafupikitsidwa ndi aquarium yosavumbulutsidwa.
Ngakhale kuti awa amatchedwa odyetsa, akatswiri am'madzi amatha kuwazolowera osati nsomba zokhazokha, komanso zakudya zongopangira, kapena timitengo ta nsomba, mwachitsanzo.
Chimodzi mwazinthu za mitu ya njoka ndikusintha kwamitundu yawo atakula. Kwa ena, achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala owala kuposa nsomba zachikulire, okhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera yachikasu kapena yofiira lalanje yoyenda mthupi.
Mizere iyi imazimiririka ikamakhwima, ndipo nsombazo zimakhala zakuda komanso zotuwa. Kusintha kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosayembekezereka komanso kokhumudwitsa wam'madzi. Chifukwa chake anthu omwe akufuna kupeza mutu wa njoka ayenera kudziwa izi zisanachitike.
Koma, tikuwonanso kuti mumitundu ina chilichonse chimakhala chosiyana, pakapita nthawi, akulu amangokongola.
Ngakhale
Ngakhale kuti mitu ya njoka ndi nyama zolusa, zimatha kusungidwa ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba. Izi makamaka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mitundu ina yomwe siimafikira kukula kwakukulu.
Ndipo zachidziwikire, zambiri zimadalira kukula kwa nsomba zomwe mudzabzale ndi mitu ya njoka.
Mutha kutsanzikana ndi gulu la ana atangomaliza kumene, koma nsomba yayikulu, yomwe mutu wa njoka sungathe kumeza, imatha kukhala nayo.
Kwa mitu ya njoka zazing'ono (30-40 cm), mitundu yogwira, yoyenda ndi mitundu yosagwirizana ndi oyandikana nawo abwino.
Nsomba zambiri zamtundu wapakatikati zimakhala zabwino. Siziyenera kusungidwa ndi zikuluzikulu zazikulu komanso zamwano, monga Managuan. Ngakhale ali ndi ludzu la magazi, amatha kuvutika ndi nsomba zazikuluzikulu komanso zamphamvuzi, ndipo kudzipereka kumawapweteka kwambiri poyankha.
Mitu ina ya njoka, mwachitsanzo, njoka yagolidi, mfumu, yamizeremizere, imasungidwa bwino, popanda oyandikana nawo, ngakhale itakhala yayikulu komanso yolusa.
Mitundu yaying'ono, mwachitsanzo, mutu wa njoka, imatha kusungidwa ndi carp, catfish, osati ma cichlids ankhanza kwambiri.
Oyandikana nawo abwino kwambiri - ma polypters angapo, nsomba zazikulu zokhala ndi thupi lonse / lalitali, kapena mosemphanitsa - nsomba zazing'ono zosaoneka bwino.
Nthawi zambiri samvera chidwi ndi nsomba zazikulu - ancistrus, pterygoplicht, plekostomus. Nkhondo zazikulu monga zopusa ndi banja lachifumu zilinso bwino.
Mtengo
Zachidziwikire, mtengo wake ulibe kanthu ngati umakonda nsombazi, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwera kwambiri zomwe zimatha kutsutsana ndi mitengo ya arowa ochepa.
Mwachitsanzo, barna yoyamba ya Channa yomwe idabweretsa ku UK idawononga $ 5,000.
Tsopano yagwa mpaka mapaundi 1,500, komabe ndi ndalama zowopsa kwambiri za nsomba.
Kudyetsa mitu ya njoka
Mitu ya njoka imatha kuyamwa kuti idye chakudya chamoyo, ndipo ali ofunitsitsa kutenga timitengo ta nsomba, nyama ya mussel, nkhanu zosenda, ndi chakudya chamalonda chonunkhira bwino.
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya chamoyo, mutha kudyetsanso nyongolotsi, zokwawa komanso njerwa. Achinyamata amadya modzifunira magazi ndi ma tubifex.
Kuswana
Njoka za njoka sizimapezeka m'madzi a aquarium, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kubwerezanso zofunikira. Ngakhale kudziwa kugonana kwawo si ntchito yophweka, ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti akazi ndi onenepa kwambiri.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kubzala nsomba zingapo mu aquarium imodzi kuti athe kusankha anzawo.
Komabe, izi pazokha ndizovuta, chifukwa aquarium iyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri, yokhala ndi malo obisalamo ambiri ndipo sipangakhale nsomba ina mmenemo.
Mitundu ina siyikusowa zinthu zina kuti iyambe kuberekana, pomwe ina imayenera kupanga nyengo yotsika pang'ono pang'ono kutsanzira nyengo yamvula.
Mitu ina ya njoka imaswa mazira mkamwa mwawo, pamene ena amamanga chisa ndi thovu. Koma mitu yonse ya njoka ndi makolo abwino omwe amasamala mwachangu atabereka.
Mitundu ya mitu ya njoka
Njoka ya njoka yamphongo ya njoka (Channa aurantimaculata)
Channa aurantimaculata, kapena cobra wagolide, amafika kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 40-60 cm ndipo ndi nsomba yankhanza yomwe imangokhala yokha.
Poyamba kuchokera kumpoto kwa Assam ku India, imakonda madzi ozizira 20-26 ° C, okhala ndi 6.0-7.0 ndi GH 10.
Njoka yofiira (Channa micropeltes)
Channa micropeltes kapena mutu wofiira wofiira, wotchedwanso chimphona kapena chofiira.
Imeneyi ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zazikulu kwambiri pamtundu wa njoka, mpaka kutalika kwa mita imodzi kapena kupitilira apo, ngakhale atagwidwa. Kuti musunge mumchere wa aquarium mumafunika aquarium yayikulu kwambiri, 300-400 malita imodzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, mutu wofiira wofiira ndi imodzi mwazinthu zankhanza kwambiri. Atha kumenya nsomba iliyonse, kuphatikiza abale ndi anthu okulirapo kuposa iye, nyama yomwe sangathe kuyimeza, amangoying'amba.
Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kuchita izi ngakhale alibe njala. Ndipo ali ndi mayini akuluakulu omwe amatha kuluma nawo ngakhale eni ake.
Vuto ndiloti ngakhale ndi laling'ono, limawoneka lokongola. Mikwingwirima yowala ya lalanje imayenda mthupi lonse, koma ikamakula imasanduka yotumbululuka ndipo nsomba zachikulire zimakhala zobiriwira.
Amapezeka nthawi zambiri pogulitsa, ndipo nthawi zambiri ogulitsa sawuza ogula zamtsogolo. Nsombazi ndizapadera kwa akatswiri odziwa zamadzi omwe amadziwa zomwe akufuna.
Ofiira sakakamira kwenikweni mndende, ndipo amakhala m'madzi mosiyanasiyana, kutentha kwa 26-28 ° C.
Mutu wa njoka yamphongo (Channa gachua)
Channa gachua, kapena mutu wamisala wachinyama, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri zopezeka m'madzi a ku aquarium. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogulitsa pansi pa dzina la gaucha. Onse akuchokera kumpoto kwa India ndipo ayenera kusungidwa m'madzi ozizira (18-25 ° C) ndimadzi amadzi (pH 6.0-7.5, GH 6 mpaka 8).
Ndikuchepa kwake kwa mutu wanjoka (mpaka masentimita 20), nyamayi ndiyotheka kuyisunga ndipo imatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zina zofananira.
Mutu wa njoka wachifumu (Channa marulioides)
Channa marulioides kapena mutu wachifumu wanjoka umakula mpaka masentimita 65, ndipo umangoyenera mitundu yazamoyo zam'madzi okhala ndi voliyumu yayikulu komanso oyandikana nawo omwewo.
Zomangira: kutentha 24-28 ° C, pH 6.0-7.0 ndi GH mpaka 10.
Njoka ya utawaleza (Channa bleheri)
Channa bleheri kapena utawaleza wa njoka ya utawaleza ndi nsomba yaying'ono komanso yamtendere. Ubwino wake, kuwonjezera pakukula kwake (20 cm), ndi umodzi mwamitundu yowala kwambiri pakati pamitu ya njoka.
Imakhala ngati yaying'ono, imatha kusungidwa mumchere wamba, m'madzi ozizira omwewo.
Snakehead bankanesis (Channa bankanensis)
Bananesis snakehead ndi imodzi mwamitu yovuta kwambiri ya njoka potengera magawo amadzi. Amachokera m'mitsinje yokhala ndi madzi amchere kwambiri (pH mpaka 2.8), ndipo ngakhale sikofunikira kuyisunga munthawi zovuta, pH iyenera kukhala yotsika (6.0 ndi pansipa), chifukwa mfundo zapamwamba zimapangitsa kuti azitha kutenga matenda.
Komanso, ngakhale ikukula pafupifupi masentimita 23, ndiyokwiya kwambiri ndipo ndibwino kuyendetsa boti la njoka padera.
Njoka yamtchire (Channa lucius)
Itha kukula mpaka 40 cm kutalika, motsatana, komanso momwe amasungidwira mtundu waukulu. Ichi ndi mtundu wankhanza kwambiri, womwe uyenera kusungidwa pamodzi ndi nsomba zazikulu, zamphamvu.
Chabwino, panokha. Magawo amadzi: 24-28 ° C, pH 5.0-6.5 ndi GH mpaka 8.
Mutu wa njoka zitatu kapena wonyezimira (Channa pleurophthalma)
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yokongola kwambiri yaku Southeast Asia, imasiyana pamapangidwe amthupi, omwe amaponderezedwa kuchokera mbali, pomwe mumitundu ina imakhala yazungulirazungulira. Mwachilengedwe, imakhala m'madzi okhala ndi acidity wokwera pang'ono kuposa masiku onse (pH 5.0-5.6), koma imasinthasintha bwino kuti isalowerere ndale (6.0-7.0) mu aquarium.
Mitundu yodekha yomwe imatha kusungidwa ndi nsomba zazikulu, chifukwa imatha kutalika kwa 40-45 cm. Si kawirikawiri kugona pansi, makamaka imayandama m'madzi, ngakhale imasambira m'nkhalango popanda zovuta. Kuthamanga kwake ndikuponya ndi kwakukulu, chilichonse chomwe chimaonedwa kuti ndi chakudya chimatha kugwira.
Mutu wa njoka (Channa punctata)
Channa punctata ndi mtundu wamba womwe umapezeka ku India komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira kumadzi ozizira mpaka kumadera otentha. Chifukwa chake, imatha kukhala pamitundumitundu, kuyambira 9-40 ° C.
Kafukufuku awonetsanso kuti imalekerera magawo amadzi osiyana popanda mavuto, chifukwa chake acidity ndi kuuma sikofunikira kwenikweni.
Mitundu yaying'ono, mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm, ndiyokwiya kwambiri ndipo ndibwino kuyiyika m'nyanja yapadera.
Mutu wanjoka wamizere (Channa striata)
Odzichepetsa kwambiri pamutu wa njoka, chifukwa chake magawo amadzi sali ofunika kwambiri. Ndi mtundu waukulu, womwe umatha kutalika masentimita 90, komanso wofiira, wosayenera oyambira kumene.
Mutu wa njoka waku Africa (Parachanna obscura)
Mutu wa njoka waku Africa, umawoneka wofanana kwambiri ndi Channa lucius, koma umasiyana m'mphuno zazitali komanso zotumphuka.
Imafikira kutalika kwa thupi kwa 35-45 ndipo malinga ndi kusunga zinthu ndizofanana ndi Channa lucius.
Mutu wa njoka wa Stewart (Channa stewartii)
Mutu wa njoka wa Stewart ndi mtundu wamanyazi, womwe umakula mpaka masentimita 25. Amakonda kukhala m'malo ogona, momwe muyenera kukhala ambiri mumtsinjewo.
Malo ambiri. Sadzakhudza amene sagwirizana pakamwa limodzi komanso amene sadzakwera malo ake obisalamo.
Mutu wa njoka (Channa Pulchra)
Amakula mpaka masentimita 30. Madera, ngakhale kuti amangoyerekeza amakhala bwino pagulu. Nsomba zina zimatha kuukira zikakwera.
Osakonda kwenikweni kubisala ndi kufunafuna. Amadya chilichonse chomwe chimakwanira pakamwa. Pali maina awiri athanzi pakati pa nsagwada.
