Chartreux kapena Cartesian cat (English Chartreux, French Chartreux, Germany Kartäuser) ndi mtundu wa amphaka oweta ochokera ku France. Ndi amphaka akulu komanso aminyewa okhala ndi ubweya wachidule, mamangidwe ake okongola komanso mayendedwe achangu.
Chojambula chodziwika bwino cha utoto wabuluu (imvi), wobwezeretsa madzi, odula kawiri, ndi maso amkuwa a lalanje. Amadziwikanso ndi kumwetulira kwawo, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amutu ndi mkamwa, zikuwoneka kuti mphaka akumwetulira. Mwa zina mwabwino, Chartreuse ndi osaka bwino kwambiri ndipo alimi amayamikiridwa.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Mtundu wamphakawu wakhala pafupi ndi anthu kwazaka zambiri kotero kuti ndizovuta kudziwa nthawi yomwe udawonekera. Monga mitundu ina ya mphaka, nkhani ikakhala yayitali, imawoneka ngati nthano.
Wotchuka kwambiri akuti amphaka awa adayamba kuweta amonke, m'malo achi French aku Cartesian order (ku Grand Chartreuse).
Adatcha mtunduwu polemekeza mowa wamtchire wobiriwira wachikasu - chartreuse, ndikuti amphaka asasokoneze iwo popemphera, adangosankha chete.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa amphakawa kuli mu Universal Dictionary of Commerce, Natural History, ndi Arts ndi Trades lolembedwa ndi Savarry des Bruslon, lofalitsidwa mu 1723. Magazini yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwa amalonda, ndipo idalongosola amphaka okhala ndi ubweya wabuluu omwe adagulitsidwa kwa omwe amateteza.
Kumanenedwa kumeneko kuti anali amonke. Zowona, mwina alibe chochita ndi nyumba ya amonke, kapena amonke sankawona ngati chofunikira kutchula zolembedwazo, popeza sizinatchulidwe za chartreuse m'mabuku amonke.
Mwachidziwikire, amphaka adatchulidwa ndi ubweya waku Spain, wodziwika panthawiyo, komanso ofanana ndi ubweya wa amphakawa.
Buku 36 la Histoire Naturelle (1749), lolembedwa ndi katswiri wa zachilengedwe wachifalansa Comte de Buffon, limafotokoza mitundu inayi yotchuka kwambiri ya mphaka nthawi imeneyo: Zoweta, Angora, Spanish, ndi Chartreuse. Ponena za komwe adachokera, amaganiza kuti amphakawa adachokera ku Middle East, monga amphaka ofananawo amatchulidwa m'buku la wazachilengedwe waku Italiya Ulysses Aldrovandi (Ulisse Aldrovandi), ngati amphaka aku Syria.
Fanizo limodzi likuwonetsa mphaka wa squat wokhala ndi ubweya wabuluu ndi maso owala, amkuwa. Mbewa yakufa ili pafupi naye, ndipo monga mukudziwa, chartreuse ndi osaka bwino kwambiri.
Mwachidziwikire, amphaka a Cartesian adachokera ku East kupita ku France m'zaka za zana la 17, limodzi ndi zombo zamalonda. Izi zikuwonetsa kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso luntha, popeza poyamba anali ochepa, ndipo anali amtengo wapatali osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwawo, koma chifukwa cha ubweya wawo ndi nyama.
Koma, ziribe kanthu momwe adachokera, komanso komwe adachokera, chowonadi ndichakuti akhala pafupi nafe kwazaka zambiri.
Mbiri yamakono yamtunduwu idayamba mu 1920, pomwe alongo awiri, a Christine ndi a Susan Leger, adapeza anthu aku Chartreuse pachilumba chaching'ono cha Belle Ile, pagombe la Britain ndi France. Amakhala m'chigawo cha chipatalacho, mumzinda wa Le Palais.
Anthu akumatauni amawatcha "amphaka achipatala", popeza anamwino adakonda kukongola kwawo komanso tsitsi lakuda, labuluu. Alongo a Leger anali oyamba kuyamba kugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamtunduwu mu 1931, ndipo posakhalitsa adawonetsedwa pachionetsero ku Paris.
Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse idadutsa m'mitundu yambiri yamphaka ku Europe. Sanadutse a Cartesian, nkhondo itatha, panalibe koloni imodzi yomwe idatsalira, ndipo kunali koyenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti mbewuzo zisawonongeke. Amphaka angapo omwe apulumuka amayenera kuwoloka ndi amphaka aku Britain Shorthair, Russian Blue ndi Blue Persian.
Pakadali pano, chartreuse idasankhidwa kukhala gulu limodzi, limodzi ndi Briteni Shorthair ndi Russian Blue, ndipo kuswana kunkachitika ponseponse. Tsopano izi sizilandiridwa, ndipo Chartreuse ndi mtundu wosiyana, womwe ku France umayang'aniridwa ndi Le Club du Chat des Chartreux.
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Chofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu ndi chamtengo wapatali, ubweya wabuluu, nsonga zake ndizopepuka ndi siliva. Wothinana, wosathira madzi, wamfupi-pang'ono, wokhala ndi malaya amkati ometa komanso tsitsi lalitali loteteza.
Kuchuluka kwa malaya kumatengera msinkhu, kugonana komanso nyengo, nthawi zambiri amphaka achikulire amakhala ndi malaya akuluakulu komanso apamwamba kwambiri.
Wochepera, wosaloledwa amphaka ndi amphaka ochepera zaka ziwiri. Mtundu wa buluu (imvi), wokhala ndi phulusa. Mkhalidwe waubweya ndikofunikira kuposa mtundu, koma ma buluu amakonda.
Kwa nyama zowonetsa, mtundu wofiirira wokha wovomerezeka ndiolandilidwa, ngakhale mikwingwirima ndi mphete zotchira zitha kuwoneka mpaka zaka ziwiri.
Maso amawonekeranso, ozungulira, otalikirana kwambiri, omvetsera komanso owonetsa. Mitundu yamaso kuyambira mkuwa mpaka golide, maso obiriwira siwoyenera.
Chartreuse ndi amphaka amphaka okhala ndi thupi lalitali - lalitali, mapewa otambalala ndi chifuwa chachikulu. Minofu imapangidwa ndikutchulidwa, mafupawo ndi akulu. Amphaka okhwima ogonana amalemera kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 7 kg, amphaka kuyambira 2.5 mpaka 4 kg.
Chartreuse adawoloka ndi amphaka aku Persian kuti awapulumutse pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Ndipo tsopano atsitsi lalitali amapezeka m'matumba ngati makolo onse adatengera chibadwa chambiri.
Saloledwa m'mayanjano, koma ntchito tsopano ikuchitika ku Europe kuti azindikire mtundu wawo wosiyana, mphaka wa Benedictine. Koma, magulu obwezeretsanso ndalama akukana izi, chifukwa izi zisintha mtunduwo, womwe sunasungidwe kale.
Khalidwe
Nthawi zina ndimawatcha: amphaka akumwetulira aku France, chifukwa chakuwoneka bwino pankhope zawo. Chartreuse ndi ma comrade okongola, okondana omwe amasangalatsa eni ake akumwetulira komanso kuwombera.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, koma zikafunika kunena china chofunikira kwambiri, amapangitsa phokoso, kukhala loyenerera mwana wamphaka. Ndizodabwitsa kumva phokoso lachete chonchi kuchokera ku mphaka wamkulu chonchi.
Osagwira ntchito ngati mitundu ina, Chartreuse ndiwodalirika, olimba, oimira aboma a feline. Okhazikika, odekha, odekha, amakhala m'banja, osadandaula ndi kukumbukira kwa mphindi iliyonse. Zina zimalumikizidwa ndi munthu m'modzi yekha, zina zimakonda abale onse. Koma, ngakhale atakonda mmodzi, ena samasiyidwa chidwi ndipo amalemekezedwa ndi mphaka wa Cartesian.
M'zaka zapitazi, amphaka awa anali amtengo wapatali chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo komanso kutha kupha makoswe. Ndipo chibadwa chosakira chimakhalabe cholimba, chifukwa chake ngati muli ndi nyani kapena mbalame, ndibwino kuti muziteteze molondola. Amakonda zoseweretsa zomwe zimasuntha, makamaka zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi anthu, chifukwa amakonda kusewera ndi anthu.
Ambiri amakhala bwino ndi mitundu ina ya mphaka ndi agalu ochezeka, koma koposa zonse amakonda anthu. Smart, chartreuse mwachangu amamvetsetsa dzina lakutchulira, ndipo ngati muli ndi mwayi, abwera kudzayitanidwa.
Mwachidule, titha kunena kuti awa si amphaka amwano, odekha, anzeru omwe amamangiriridwa kwa munthu komanso banja.
Chisamaliro
Ngakhale Chartreuse ali ndi chovala chachifupi, amafunika kutsukidwa mlungu uliwonse popeza ali ndi malaya amkati.
Nthawi yakugwa ndi masika, tsukani kawiri kapena katatu pamlungu pogwiritsa ntchito burashi. Funsani nazale kuti akuwonetseni njira yoyenera yotsuka mkanjo wakuda.
