Macrognatus ndi Mastacembela ndi am'banja la Mastacembelidae ndipo amafanana ndi ma eel akunja kokha, koma chifukwa chophweka ndidzawatcha. Iwo ndi odzichepetsa, monga lamulo, owoneka bwino komanso osiyana ndi machitidwe achilendo.
Komabe, kwa akatswiri ambiri amadzi, kusunga mastheads ndi macrognatus ndizovuta. Kuphatikiza apo, pamakhala kusowa kwazidziwitso, ndipo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kusagwirizana. Munkhaniyi, tiwona mitundu yotchuka kwambiri yam'madzi am'madzi omwe amapezeka pamsika.
Eels ndi a banja la Mastacembelidae, ndipo ali ndi mitundu itatu: Macrognathus, Mastacembelus, ndi Sinobdella. M'mabuku akale a aquarium mutha kupeza mayina a Aethiomastacembelus, Afromastacembelus, ndi Caecomastacembelus, koma awa ndi matchulidwe achikale.
Mitundu yaku Asia: zovuta kugawa
Mitundu iwiri yosiyanasiyana imatumizidwa kuchokera ku Southeast Asia: Macrognathus ndi Mastacembelus. Kusiyana pakati pawo nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa ndipo kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kusiyanitsa ena mwa iwo.
Zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka, ndikupangitsa chisokonezo pakugula ndi zomwe zili.
Oimira banjali amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 15 mpaka 100, komanso mawonekedwe amanyazi mpaka owopsa komanso olanda nyama, choncho sankhani mtundu wanji wa nsomba musanagule.
Mmodzi mwa oimira banjali, omwe ndi ovuta kusokoneza, ndi mastacembelus ofiira ofiira (Mastacembelus erythrotaenia). Thupi lakuda lakuda limakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiira ndi yachikaso ndi mizere.
Zina zimadutsa thupi lonse, zina ndi zazifupi, ndipo zina zasandulika mawanga. Zipsepse zakuthambo ndi kumatako ndi malire ofiira. Mastacembel yampikisano wofiira ndiye yayikulu kwambiri, mwachilengedwe imakula mpaka 100 cm.
Mu aquarium, ndizocheperako, koma chimodzimodzi, pamafunika malita 300 a voliyumu kuti mizere yofiira isunge.
- Dzina lachilatini: Mastacembelus erythrotaenia
- Dzina: Mastacembel wofiira
- Kwawo: Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia
- Kukula: 100 cm
- Magawo amadzi: pH 6.0 - 7.5, ofewa
- Kudyetsa: nsomba zazing'ono ndi tizilombo
- Ngakhale: gawo kwambiri, sagwirizana ndi ena. Oyandikana nawo ayenera kukhala akulu
- Kuswana: palibe kuswana mu aquarium
Mastacembelus armatus (lat. Mastacembelus armatus) nthawi zambiri amapezeka, koma pali mastacembelus favus (Mastacembelus favus).
Iwo mwina amalowa ndikugulitsa ngati mtundu umodzi. Zonsezi ndi zofiirira komanso zofiirira. Koma, m'manja, amakhala okhazikika kumtunda, ndipo mu favus amapita kumimba. Mastacembel favus ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa zida zankhondo, mpaka 70 cm motsutsana ndi 90 cm.
- Dzina lachilatini: Mastacembelus armatus
- Dzina: Mastacembel zida zankhondo kapena zankhondo
- Kwawo: Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia
- Kukula: 90 cm
- Magawo amadzi: pH 6.0 - 7.5, ofewa
- Kudyetsa: nsomba zazing'ono ndi tizilombo
- Ngakhale: gawo kwambiri, sagwirizana ndi ena. Oyandikana nawo ayenera kukhala akulu
- Kuswana: palibe kuswana mu aquarium
Pakati pa macrognatus, pali mitundu itatu yomwe imapezeka mumtsinje wa aquarium. Khofi mastacembelus (Mastacembelus circumcinctus) wa bulauni wonyezimira kapena mtundu wa khofi wokhala ndi zonona ndi mikwingwirima yowongoka pamzere wotsatira.
- Dzina lachilatini: Macrognathus circumcinctus
- Dzina: Mastacembel ya Khofi
- Kwawo: Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia
- Kukula: 15cm
- Magawo amadzi: pH 6.0 - 7.5, ofewa
- Kudyetsa: mphutsi ndi tizilombo
- Kugwirizana: mwamtendere, sikukhumudwitsa aliyense wokulirapo kuposa guppy
- Kuswana: sikumaswana mu aquarium
Macrognathus aral ndi azitona kapena bulauni wonyezimira, wokhala ndi mzere wopingasa motsatira mzere wotsatira ndi mzere wakumbuyo. Mtundu wake umasiyana ndi munthu aliyense, nthawi zambiri amakhala akuda m'mphepete komanso opepuka pakati. Dorsal fin ili ndi mawanga angapo (nthawi zambiri anayi), mkati mwake ndi bulauni yakuda komanso kunja kofiirira.
- Dzina lachilatini: Macrognathus aral
- Dzina: Macrognathus aral
- Kwawo: Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia
- Kukula: mpaka 60 cm, nthawi zambiri kumakhala kocheperako
- Magawo amadzi: amalekerera madzi amchere
- Kudyetsa: nsomba zazing'ono ndi tizilombo
- Ngakhale: mwamtendere, zitha kuchitidwa m'magulu
- Kuswana: osudzulana mwachisawawa
Siamese macrognathus (Macrognathus siamensis) ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimafala kwambiri m'nyanja. M'magawo ena amatchedwanso Macrognathus aculeatus macrognathus ocellated, koma ndi mitundu yosawerengeka yomwe sinayambe yakhalapo m'madzi odyetsera.
Komabe, timagulitsa Siamese ngati yamakona. Siamese macrognathus ndi bulauni wonyezimira wonyezimira wokhala ndi mizere yopyapyala yoyenda mthupi lonse. Mimbulu yam'mbali imakhala ndi mawanga, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 6 mwa iwo.
Ngakhale kuti Siamese ndi yotsika kwambiri pakukongola kwamitundu ina, imapindula ndi kudzichepetsa komanso kukula kwake, osafikira 30 cm kutalika.
- Dzina lachilatini: Macrognathus siamensis
- Dzinalo: Macrognatus Siamese, Macrognatus ocellated
- Kwawo: Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia
- Kukula: mpaka 30 cm
- Magawo amadzi: pH 6.0 - 7.5, ofewa
- Kudyetsa: nsomba zazing'ono ndi tizilombo
- Ngakhale: mwamtendere, zitha kuchitidwa m'magulu
- Kuswana: kusudzulana
Mitundu yaku Africa: yosowa
Africa imayimilidwa bwino pamitundu ya Proboscis, koma ndiyosowa kwenikweni pamalonda. Mutha kupeza zovuta zokha za Nyanja ya Tanganyika: Mastacembelus moorii, Mastacembelus plagiostoma ndi Mastacembelus ellipsifer. Amapezeka nthawi ndi nthawi m'mabuku azamasamba aku Western, koma ku CIS amayimilidwa payokha.
- Dzina lachilatini: Mastacembelus moorii
- Dzina: Mastacembelus mura
- Dziko lakwawo: Tanganyika
- Kukula: 40cm
- Magawo amadzi: pH 7.5, olimba
- Kudyetsa: amakonda nsomba zazing'ono, koma pali nyongolotsi ndi ma virus a magazi
- Ngakhale: gawo kwambiri, sagwirizana ndi ena. Oyandikana nawo ayenera kukhala akulu
- Kuswana: palibe kuswana mu aquarium
- Dzina lachilatini: Mastacembelus plagiostoma
- Dzina: Mastacembelus plagiostoma
- Dziko lakwawo: Tanganyika
- Kukula: 30cm
- Magawo amadzi: pH 7.5, olimba
- Kudyetsa: amakonda nsomba zazing'ono, koma pali nyongolotsi ndi ma virus a magazi
- Ngakhale: Amtendere mokwanira, atha kukhala m'magulu
- Kuswana: palibe kuswana mu aquarium
Kusunga mu aquarium
Chimodzi mwa zikhulupiriro zodziwika bwino pankhani yosunga ma aquarium ndi chakuti amafunikira madzi amchere. Chiyambi cha malingaliro olakwikawa sichikudziwika, mwina chidapita liti, kuti aletse semolina, madzi am'madzi am'madzi amchere amchere.
Kunena zowona, ntchentche za Proboscis zimakhala m'mitsinje ndi m'nyanja ndi madzi abwino ndipo ndizochepa chabe m'madzi amchere. Kuphatikiza apo, amangolekerera madzi amchere pang'ono.
Kwa mitundu ya ku Asia, madzi ndi ofewa mpaka pakati, ovuta kapena amchere pang'ono. Kwa mitundu ya ku Africa, kupatula kwa omwe amakhala ku Tanganyika, omwe amafunikira madzi olimba.
Pafupifupi ma macrognatus onse amakumba ndikubisa nthaka, amayenera kusungidwa mumchere wokhala ndi mchenga. Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti mutha kukumana ndi mavuto ambiri, omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi matenda akhungu.
Macrognatus amayesa kudzikwilira pa nthaka yolimba, kupeza zokopa kudzera momwe matenda amalowera. Matenda a bakiteriyawa ndi ovuta kuchiza ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangitsa nsomba kufa.
Nthaka ya mchenga ndiyofunika kwambiri posunga timinyama tating'onoting'ono. Kugwiritsa ntchito mchenga wa quartz ndibwino kwambiri. Zitha kugulidwa pamtengo wotsika mtengo m'masitolo ambiri am'munda, momwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera padziko lapansi.
Muyenera kuwonjezera zokwanira kuti eel adziwemo. Pafupifupi masentimita asanu azikwanira ma snout a proboscis 15-20 cm kutalika.
Popeza amakonda kukumba m'nthaka, mchenga wabwino sungadziunjikire, koma kuwonjezera melania kumapangitsa kuti ukhale wangwiro. Mchengawo umayenera kuponyedwa pafupipafupi kuti zinthu zowola zisapezeke.
Mitundu ikuluikulu monga mastacembel armatus ndi mitsinje yofiira iyenera kusungidwa mumtsinje wokhala ndi mchenga wocheperako. Atakula, samadzikwiyira kawirikawiri ndipo amasangalala ndi malo ena obisalapo - mapanga, mitengo yolowerera ndi miyala.
Ma eel onse amakonda zomera zoyandama m'madzi, mwachitsanzo, amatha kubowola mu hornwort ngati mchenga. Mwachizoloŵezi, sizomveka kusokoneza ndi zomera, chifukwa kubowola nsombazi kumapha mizu yawo.
Zomera zoyandama, ma moss ndi ma anubis ndizomwe mungafune m'nyanjayi.
Kudyetsa
Mchere wa Aquarium ndiwotchuka chifukwa chovuta kudyetsa. Nthawi zambiri amakhala amanyazi ndipo amatenga milungu, kapena miyezi ingapo, asanakhazikike kumalo atsopano.
Ndikofunika kuwapatsa chakudya chokwanira panthawiyi. Popeza ma eel ambiri amakhala usiku, muyenera kuwadyetsa dzuwa likalowa. Mitundu yaku Asia siyabwino kwambiri ndipo imadya mphutsi zamagazi, nsomba zazing'ono, koma makamaka mphutsi zachikondi.
Anthu aku Africa amatenga chakudya chamoyo chokha, koma popita nthawi mutha kuzolowera kuzizira komanso zakudya zopangira. Popeza ma eel ndi amanyazi, ndibwino kuti musawasunge ndi mphalapala kapena malambe, omwe amakhala achangu kwambiri ndipo amatha chilichonse m'kamphindi.
Chitetezo
Zifukwa zazikulu zakufa kwa ma aquarium ndi njala ndi matenda akhungu. Koma, pali zina ziwiri zosadziwika. Choyamba: amathawa ku aquarium podutsa pang'ono. Iwalani malo otseguka pomwepo, amangothamanga ndikumauma kwinakwake m'fumbi.
Koma, ngakhale aquarium yotsekedwa siyabwino! Padzakhala mpata wochepa ndipo eel ayesa kukwawa. Izi ndizowopsa m'madzi okhala ndi zosefera zakunja, komwe mabowo amapangira.
Ngozi ina ndiyo chithandizo. Ziphuphu sizilekerera kukonzekera mkuwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimachiritsidwa ndi semolina yomweyo. Mwambiri, samalekerera chithandizo bwino, popeza alibe masikelo ang'onoang'ono omwe sateteza bwino thupi.
Ngakhale
Ma Aquarium eel nthawi zambiri amakhala amanyazi ndipo amanyalanyaza oyandikana nawo ngati sangathe kuwameza, koma amadya nsomba zazing'ono. Pokhudzana ndi mitundu yofananira, atha kukhala osalowerera ndale kapena achiwawa.
Monga lamulo, ma mastasembel ndiawo, ndipo ma macrognatus amakhala ololera. Komabe, pagulu laling'ono (anthu awiri kapena atatu), ndipo amatha kuyendetsa ofooka, makamaka ngati aquarium ndi yaying'ono kapena palibe pogona.
Komabe, ali ndi ma macrognatus mmodzimmodzi, ngakhale amasintha mwachangu pagulu.
Kuswana
Chowonjezeranso china pakusunga macrognatus m'gulu la ziweto ndi kuthekera koberekera. Ndi mitundu yochepa chabe ya ma eel omwe amabereka mu ukapolo, koma izi ndizotheka chifukwa zimasungidwa zokha. Kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi ndi ntchito ina yomwe ndi yosatheka nsomba zili zisakhwime. Akazi amaonedwa kuti ndi onenepa kwambiri, okhala ndi mimba yozungulira.
Makina opanga sanawerengedwe, koma kudyetsa bwino ndi kusintha kwamadzi kumakhala koyambitsa. Iwo mwina amakumbutsa nsomba za kuyamba kwa nyengo yamvula, pomwe nthawi yoberekera imachitika m'chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, Macrognathus aral imangobereka nthawi yamvula.
Chibwenzi ndi njira yayitali komanso yovuta yomwe imatenga maola angapo. Nsomba zimathamangitsana ndikuyenda mozungulira nyanja yamchere.
Amayikira mazira omata pakati pa masamba kapena mizu yazomera zoyandama monga madzi a huakinto.
Pakubala mazira okwana 1,000 amapezeka, pafupifupi 1.25 mm m'mimba mwake, omwe amaswa patatha masiku atatu kapena anayi.
Mwachangu amayamba kusambira pakadutsa masiku atatu kapena anayi ndipo amafunikira zakudya zazing'ono monga cyclops nauplii ndi yolk yolira yolira. Vuto linalake lachangu lomwe latuluka kumene ndi lomwe limayambitsa matenda opatsirana ndi fungus.
Kusintha kwamadzi pafupipafupi ndikofunikira kwambiri ndipo mankhwala oletsa mafungulo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
