Corridoras (lat. Corydoras) ndi mtundu wa nsomba zamadzi amchere zochokera kubanja la Callichthyidae. Dzina lachiwiri ndi catfish yonyamula zida zankhondo, adalandira mizere iwiri yama mbale a mafupa akuyenda mthupi.
Ndi umodzi mwamagawo odziwika kwambiri pakati pa nsomba zam'madzi za m'nyanja yam'madzi ndipo mumakhala zamoyo zambiri, zomwe zambiri zimapezeka m'madzi ozungulira.
Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi, mupeza komwe ma corrid amakhala, mitundu ingati ya mitundu, momwe mungasungire mu aquarium, zomwe mungadyetse komanso oyandikana nawo omwe angasankhe.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Mawu akuti Corydoras amachokera ku mawu achi Greek kory (chisoti) ndi doras (chikopa). Corridoras ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa nsomba za neotropical, umakhala ndi mitundu yoposa 160.
Palibe mtundu wodalirika wa mitundu iyi. Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zina m'mbuyomu zinali zamtundu wina, koma lero zasamutsidwa kumakonde. Izi zidachitika ndi mtundu wa Brochis.
Corridoras amakhala ku South America, komwe amapezeka kum'mawa kwa Andes kupita kugombe la Atlantic, kuchokera ku Trinidad kupita ku Rio de la Plata kumpoto kwa Argentina. Sali ku Panama kokha.
Nthawi zambiri makonde amakhala m'mitsinje yaying'ono, mitsinje, madambo ndi madamu aku South America. Awa ndi malo okhala ndi phokoso lamtendere (koma kawirikawiri ndi madzi osunthika), madzi ake amakhala matope kwambiri, ndipo akuya ndi osaya. M'mphepete mwake muli zitsamba zowirira, ndipo zomera zam'madzi zimamera kwambiri m'madzi.
Mitundu yambiri yamakhonde imakhala pansi, ikumba miyala, mchenga kapena silt. Amakhala m'madamu osiyana siyana, koma amakonda madzi ofewa, osalowerera ndale kapena amchere pang'ono. Kuuma kwakanthawi kwamadzi ndi madigiri 5-10.
Amatha kulekerera madzi amchere pang'ono (kupatula mitundu ina), koma samakhala m'malo omwe mitsinje imadutsa munyanja.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala kusukulu, komwe kumatha kuchuluka mazana, ndipo nthawi zina nsomba masauzande. Nthawi zambiri, sukulu imakhala ndi mtundu umodzi wa nsomba, koma nthawi zina imasakanikirana ndi ina.
Mosiyana ndi nsomba zambiri zamatchire, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri usiku, makonde amagwiranso ntchito masana.
Chakudya chawo chachikulu ndi tizilombo tosiyanasiyana komanso mphutsi zawo zimakhala pansi, komanso gawo lazomera. Ngakhale makonde samakhala owononga, amatha kudya nsomba zakufa.
Njira yawo yodyetsera ndikusaka chakudya pansi mothandizidwa ndi ndevu zowoneka bwino, kenako kuyamwa chakudya mkamwa, pomwe nthawi zambiri zimamira pansi mpaka mmaso.
Zovuta zazomwe zilipo
Makonde adatchuka mu aquarium chizolowezi kuyambira pomwe adakhazikitsidwa ndipo adakalipobe mpaka pano. Pali mitundu ingapo yamitundu, yambiri ndiosavuta kusamalira, ndi yotsika mtengo, ndipo imagulitsidwa nthawi zonse. Ngakhale mayina a ambiri ndiosavuta kutchula.
Ngati mukufuna aquarium yamtundu - mitundu khumi yotchuka chonde. Ngati mukufuna biotope ndi mitundu yocheperako, chisankhocho ndichachikulu.
Inde, pakati pawo pali mitundu yomwe imafuna kuti akhale mndende, koma ambiri aiwo ndiwodzichepetsa.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Amakhala bwino m'nyanja yam'madzi otentha ndi nsomba zamtendere. Makonde ndiamanyazi kwambiri, mwachilengedwe amakhala m'magulu okha ndipo amayenera kusungidwa pagulu.
Pafupifupi mitundu iliyonse yamtunduwu, kuchuluka kwakulimbikitsidwa kumachokera kwa anthu 6-8. Koma, kumbukirani kuti makonde ambiri m'gulu, momwe machitidwe awo amakhalira osangalatsa, mofanana ndi momwe amakhalira m'chilengedwe.
Makonde ambiri amakonda madzi ofewa komanso acidic. Komabe, amatha kulekerera magawo osiyanasiyana, popeza adasungidwa bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri amakhala otentha kwambiri kuposa nsomba zina zam'malo otentha. Izi zili choncho makamaka pa mitundu ina ya nyama yomwe mwachilengedwe imakhalamo m'mitsinje yodyetsedwa ndi madzi oundana akumapiri.
Amalekerera kwambiri nitrate m'madzi. Izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka ndi matenda am'mapevu awo omvera, chifukwa chake amatha kutayika kwathunthu.
Masharubu amakhudzanso ndi nthaka. Ngati aquarium ili ndi nthaka yolimba, nthaka yokhala ndi m'mphepete mwake, ndevu zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi zilonda. Abwino kusunga mchenga, koma mitundu ina ya nthaka monga miyala yoyera itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
Amakhala omasuka kwambiri m'madzi okhala ndi malo akulu pansi, mchenga ngati gawo lapansi ndi masamba owuma pamtengo. Umu ndi momwe amakhalira m'chilengedwe.
Makonde nthawi ndi nthawi amakwera pamwamba pamadzi kuti akhale ndi mpweya ndipo izi siziyenera kukuwopsezani. Khalidweli ndilabwino ndipo sizitanthauza kuti mpweya wosungunuka m'madzi siokwanira nsomba.
Kutalika kwa moyo wawo m'madzi ndikuyenera kulemekezedwa; C. aeneus akuti adakhala zaka 27 ali mu ukapolo, ndipo sizachilendo kuti makonde azikhala zaka 20.
Kudyetsa
Amadya kuchokera pansi, pomwe amakhala odzichepetsa kwambiri kuti adyetse. Amadya ma pellets apadera a catfish bwino, amakonda chakudya chamoyo komanso chouma - tubifex, bloodworms.
Chokhacho chodandaula ndikuti chakudya chimafika kwa iwo. Popeza nthawi zambiri nsomba zina zimakhala pakati pamadzi, koma zinyenyeswazi zimatha kugwa pansi.
Cholakwika kwambiri komanso chowopsa ndichakuti mphalapala zimadya zinyalala pambuyo pa nsomba zina, ndizobowoleza. Izi sizoona. Makonde ndi nsomba zokwanira zomwe zimafunikira zakudya zosiyanasiyana komanso zopatsa thanzi kuti zikule ndikukula.
Ngakhale
Makonde - nsomba zamtendere... Mu aquarium, amakhala mwakachetechete, osakhudza aliyense. Koma iwonso atha kukhala nsomba zankhanzazi kapena zolusa.
Kugawika sikudziwikanso kwa iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, makonde osiyanasiyana amatha kusambira pagulu, makamaka ngati ali ofanana mumtundu kapena kukula.
Kusiyana kogonana
Amuna okhwima ogonana nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi. Akazi ali ndi thupi lokulirapo komanso mimba yayikulu, makamaka akawonedwa kuchokera pamwamba. Monga lamulo, sizovuta kusiyanitsa mkazi ndi wamwamuna.
Makonde ochepa okha ndi omwe angadzitamande kuti chachikazi chimasiyana ndi chachimuna. Ngati mukufuna kubzala makonde, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kusunga amuna awiri kapena atatu pa mkazi aliyense. Koma ngati muwasungira kuti azikongoletsa, ndiye kuti chiwonetserochi sichofunikira kwambiri.
Mitundu yotchuka yamakhonde
Tsoka ilo, ndikosatheka kufotokoza makonde onse. Pali zambiri, mitundu yatsopano imagulitsidwa nthawi zonse, hybridi zimawoneka. Ngakhale gulu lawo lidakali lachisokonezo.
Koma, pali mitundu ingapo yamakonde yomwe yakhala ikusungidwa bwino m'malo ozungulira zaka zambiri.
Pansipa mupeza zithunzi zawo ndi kufotokozera mwachidule. Ngati mukufuna mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo, ndiye podina ulalowu mutha kuwerenga zambiri za izi.
Khonde la Adolf
Imodzi mwa mitundu yatsopano yamakhonde. Nsombazo zidatchulidwa polemekeza mpainiyayo, wodziwika bwino wokhometsa nsomba Adolfo Schwartz, chifukwa chomwe dziko lapansi lidadziwa za nsomba.
Khwalaloli likuwoneka kuti ndi lochepa ndipo limangopezeka m'malo okhaokha a Rio Negro, tawuni ya San Gabriel da Caxueira, Brazil. Komabe, akatswiri ena amati mtunduwu umapezeka mumzinda wa Rio Haupez, womwe ndi waukulu kwambiri ku Rio Negro. Pakadali pano, palibenso zambiri zodalirika.
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Khonde venezuela wakuda
Maonekedwe ena atsopano. Koma, mosiyana ndi khonde la Adolf, khonde lakuda la Venezuela ndi lochokera. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, imakhala m'chilengedwe, malinga ndi ina, ndi zotsatira za zoyesayesa zam'madzi aku Germany.
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Khonde la Julie
Lili ndi dzina lake polemekeza munthu yemwe sanadziwike kuti ndi ndani. Malo ake ndi North-East Brazil. Native kumtsinje wam'mbali mwa nyanja kumwera kwa Amazon Delta ku zigawo za Piaui, Maranhao, Para ndi Amapa.
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Mabulosi a Emerald
Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, khonde ndilokulirapo. Wofala kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yamakonde. Amapezeka m'chigwa chonse cha Amazon, ku Brazil, Peru, Ecuador ndi Colombia.
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Khonde lamkuwa
Imodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yodziwika bwino. Pamodzi ndi nsomba zamawangamawanga, zitha kutengedwa ngati chisankho chabwino kwambiri chamadzi oyamba kumene. Koma mosiyana ndi zamawangamawanga, imakhala yowala kwambiri. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, zinali kuchokera kumakhonde amkuwa komwe Venezuela wakuda idachokera.
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Khonde lamawangamawanga
Kapenanso nsombazi. Zakale kwambiri mumsika wa aquarium, kwa zaka zambiri imodzi mwamakhonde otchuka kwambiri komanso ofala kwambiri ogulitsa. Tsopano walowa m'malo mwa mitundu yatsopano, koma akadali wodzichepetsa komanso wosangalatsa. Ovomerezeka kwa oyamba kumene.
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Kanda panda
Mtundu wofala kwambiri. Khonde la panda adalitcha dzina la panda wamkulu, yemwe ali ndi thupi lowala komanso mabwalo akuda mozungulira maso, ndipo nsombayo imafanana ndi utoto.
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Khonde la Pygmy
Imodzi mwa makonde ang'ono kwambiri, ngati si ocheperako mu aquarium. Mosiyana ndi mitundu yambiri, sichikhala pansi, koma pakati pamadzi. Abwino m'madzi ang'onoang'ono.
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Corridoras nanus
Lingaliro lina laling'ono. Dziko lakwawo ndi catfish iyi ndi South America, amakhala mumitsinje ya Suriname ndi Maroni ku Suriname komanso mumtsinje wa Irakubo ku French Guiana.
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Khonde la Shterba
Mtundu uwu sunafalikire kwambiri mdziko lathu, koma ukutchuka mwachangu. Mtundu wake ndi kukula kwake ndizofanana kwambiri ndi mtundu wina - Corydoras haraldschultzi, koma C. sterbai ali ndi mutu wakuda wokhala ndi mawanga owala, pomwe haraldschultzi ili ndi mutu wotumbululuka wokhala ndi mawanga akuda.
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