Tornjak (English Tornjak kapena Bosnia Shepherd galu) ndi mtundu wa agalu oweta kumapiri, ntchito yayikulu yomwe inali kuteteza nkhosa ndi ziweto zina.
Pali dzina lachiwiri la mtunduwo: Galu wa Mbusa waku Bosnia. Mtundu uwu ndiwokhazikika, ndiye kuti, wakomweko osati wamba m'maiko ena.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Mtunduwu ndi wa agalu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ziweto ku nyama zakutchire komanso anthu akumapiri. Awa ndi agalu olondera komanso oweta nthawi imodzi, anali munthawi zosiyanasiyana komanso pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, galu wam'mapiri wa Pyrenean, akbash, wopondereza, msitikali waku Spain, galu woweta ku Caucasus.
Agalu oterewa amakhala ndi zikhalidwe zonse, zakuthupi komanso zamaganizidwe. Izi ndi: kukula kwakukulu, malaya apakati kapena atali, kutsimikiza, kudziyimira pawokha komanso mopanda mantha.
Agalu omwe anali makolo amtunduwu adabalalika m'mapiri a Bosnia ndi Herzegovina ndi Croatia komanso zigwa zoyandikana nazo.
Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa agalu ofananawo kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 11, kenako mtunduwo umatchulidwa m'zaka za zana la 14. Zolemba zolembedwa kuyambira nthawi imeneyi zimatchula koyamba mtundu wa Bosnia-Herzegovinian-Croatia. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1374, a Petr Horvat, Bishop wa Djakovo (Croatia), alemba za iwo.
Dzinalo la mtunduwo ndi Tornjak, lochokera ku mawu achi Bosnia ndi Chiroatia "tor" kutanthauza khola lanyama. Dzinalo limafotokoza za cholinga chawo, koma pamene kuswana kwa nkhosa kunasowa, mtunduwo nawonso unasowa. Ndipo pofika zaka za zana la 20, anali atatha.
Kafufuzidwe ka moyo wawo wakale komanso wamtsogolo, kenako kupulumutsidwa mwanjira zonse, kunayamba nthawi imodzi ku Croatia ndi Bosnia ndi Herzegovina cha m'ma 1972, ndipo kuswana kopitilira muyeso kunayamba mu 1978.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1970, gulu la omwe anali ndi agalu am'deralo adayamba kutolera agalu otsala omwe amafanana kwambiri ndi lingaliro lakale la mtunduwo.
Ntchito yawo idapambana. Mitundu yomwe ili pakadali pano ili ndi agalu angwiro, osankhidwa pamibadwo ingapo, omwazikana ku Bosnia ndi Herzegovina ndi Croatia.
Kufotokozera
Galu wamphamvu, mawonekedwe apakati, wokhala ndi miyendo yayitali. Ngakhale kuti iyi si mtundu waukulu kwambiri, ndizovuta kuzitcha zazing'ono. Amuna omwe amafota amafika 67-73 masentimita ndikulemera 50-60 kg, tizirombo 62-68 masentimita ndikulemera 35-45 kg.
Tornyak ndi galu wa tsitsi lalitali. Tsitsili ndi lalitali, makamaka pamwamba pamutu, mapewa ndi kumbuyo, ndipo limatha kupindika pang'ono.
Malaya awo ndi awiri, ndipo mkatimo ndi wandiweyani kwambiri kuti muwateteze ku nyengo yozizira. Chovala chapamwamba ndichitali, chakuda, cholimba komanso chowongoka.
Mtunduwo ndi mitundu iwiri kapena itatu, koma utoto wake waukulu nthawi zambiri umakhala woyera. Palinso agalu okhala ndi ubweya wakuda ndi zolemba zoyera, nthawi zambiri pamutu, pamutu komanso m'miyendo.
Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi agalu oyera okhala ndi "mawanga" ang'onoang'ono amatha. Kumbuyo kwa galu nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwamitundu yambiri yokhala ndi zilembo zosiyana. Mchira uli ndi nthenga zazitali.
Khalidwe
Mtunduwo umakhala wofatsa ngati galu woweta kumapiri. Tornyak ndi galu wotetezera, nthawi zambiri amakhala wodekha, wamtendere, poyang'ana cholengedwa chosasamala, koma pakafunika kutero, khalani tcheru komanso osamala kwambiri.
Mwini aliyense adzakuwuzani kuti iyi ndi galu wochezeka komanso wosamala yemwe amakonda ana. Koma ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti uyu makamaka ndi mlonda (m'busa) yemwe nthawi zonse amakhala akugwira ntchito.
Ndibwino kuti pafupifupi ma tornyacs onse amakumbukira mwachangu oyandikana nawo mumsewu, makamaka omwe mumacheza nawo. Amakumbukiranso odutsa pafupipafupi, komanso anzawo agalu. Koma adzafuula mokweza kwa agalu osadziwika komanso odutsa, ndipo oyendetsa njinga zamoto ndi "nkhani yapadera" kwa iwo.
Ponena za alendo kapena nyama zina, monga lamulo, tornyak siyowopsa kwambiri. Koma zikakhala choncho, amakhala wotsimikiza mtima ndipo amatha kuwukira otsutsa olimba kwambiri osazengereza.
Abusa adati galu woyang'anira gulu anali woyenera kuthana ndi mimbulu iwiri, ndikuti agalu awiri adzakumana ndikuthamangitsa chimbalangondo popanda vuto.
Galu ameneyu samakhala motalikirana komanso kukhala wokwanira, monga mitundu ina ya ziweto. Khalidwe la galu ndi wankhanza mokwanira kuti akhale woyang'anira wabwino, koma nthawi yomweyo ndilopafupi, lotentha komanso lofatsa kwambiri kwa anthu ake, abwenzi apamtima ndi ana.
Amakonda kukhala ndi anthu, amakonda kusewera komanso kusangalala limodzi ndi ana. Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mabanja awo.
Mbusa wa Nkhosa ndiwofatsa kwambiri kwa eni ake ndi banja lake, adzawateteza nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse, komanso kuteteza katundu wa mwiniwakeyo pangozi ya moyo wake.
Amathanso kucheza ndi kulekerera anthu osawadziwa ngati akucheza bwino, kuyambira ngati mwana wagalu. Chimphepo chochezeka chimalola mwana wosadziwika kuti azipachika m'khosi mwake.
Koma, ziyenera kudziwika kuti malo aliwonse omwe galu amazindikira kuti ndi a mwini wake - amateteza mosasunthika! Amasunga ndipo samathawa!
Ngati amasungidwa ngati ziweto zam'mizinda, omwe akufuna kukhala nawo akuyenera kudziwa kuti mtunduwo uli ndi chibadwa choyang'anira. Samalani ndi alendo pabwalo lanu!
Kukhala phukusi, amakhala nyama zothandizirana kwambiri osamenyana pakati pa mamembala anyakudya.
Malangizo achindunji monga: kukhala, kugona pansi, kubweretsa kuno, kusiya galu wopanda chidwi. Chifukwa cha izi sikumvera mwadala, kapena ngakhale kuuma mtima.
Cholinga chake ndikuti sakuwona chifukwa chokwaniritsira zofunikira izi. Popanda kukana malamulo, galu uyu amakonda kwambiri kupanga zisankho zake pazomwe ayenera kuchita, makamaka poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina.
Izi zimawonekera kwambiri akamaliza kukhwima. Mwambiri, awa ndi agalu olimba, osafuna kwambiri, agalu olimba.
Ntchito
Mulingo wolimbitsa thupi wamtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakhala wotsika, makamaka m'miyezi yoyamba ya 9-12 (nthawi yakukula kwambiri). Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, amatha kuphunzitsa zambiri.
Amakonda kuyenda maulendo ataliatali popanda leash ndikusewera kwambiri ndi agalu ena. Akhalanso okhutira ndi kuyenda kwa mphindi 20 ngati mwininyumba akufulumira.
Phunzirani mwachangu ndipo musaiwale zomwe aphunzira; amasangalala kumaliza ntchito choncho ndiosavuta kuwaphunzitsa.
Olimba komanso olimba, nthawi yachisanu usiku agalu agaluwa amagona pansi ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala okutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, osazizira chifukwa cha malaya awo akuda kapena, monga momwe anthu wamba amanenera.
Kusagwirizana
Mwana wagalu amafunikira kuyanjana koyambirira. Zochitika zoyambirira (mpaka miyezi 9) zimakhudza kwambiri moyo wonse wa galu.
Ayenera kuyang'anizana ndi zoopsa zilizonse zomwe zitha kuchitika mwachangu kuti apewe zovuta.
Phokoso lamagalimoto, magalimoto akuluakulu ndi mabasi adzadzetsa mantha atakula ngati galuyo sanakumanepo ndi izi ngati mwana wagalu.
Adakali aang'ono, ana agalu onse ayenera kukumana ndi anthu osawadziwa momwe angathere, komanso nyama zina, agalu, kuti akhale ndi machitidwe owongoleredwa komanso okhazikika atakula.
Chisamaliro
Mtundu wosadzichepetsa womwe ungagone m'chipale chofewa. Komabe, kutsuka malaya ake kangapo sabata kumapangitsa galu wanu kukhala wowoneka bwino ndipo nyumbayo sikhala yatsitsi. Komabe, kumusunga m'nyumba ndikosavomerezeka.
Agalu ali ndi makutu okuluwika omwe amatunga madzi ndi dothi ndipo amafunika kuwunikidwa sabata iliyonse kuti apewe matenda kapena kutupa. Mankhanira awo amakula msanga ndipo amafunika kuyang'aniridwa sabata iliyonse, zikhadabo zazikulu zimafunikira kudulira ndi chojambula.
Zaumoyo
Mtundu wabwinobwino wamba, ngakhale zomanga thupi zochulukirapo pazakudya zimadziwika kuti zimayambitsa zovuta zina, makamaka ndi malaya.
Ndiyeneranso kudziwa kuti kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kuyenera kupewedwa m'miyezi 6 yoyambirira ya moyo kuti mupewe zovuta zamagulu komanso kukula kwa ntchafu ya dysplasia.
