Dzuwa (Latin Lepomis gibbosus, English pumpkinseed) ndi nsomba yaku North America yamadzi am'madzi am'madzi a sunfish (Centrarchidae). Mwatsoka, m'dera la CIS wakale, iwo ali osowa ndi kokha ngati chinthu nsomba. Koma iyi ndi imodzi mwamadzi owala bwino kwambiri am'madzi.
Kukhala m'chilengedwe
Pali mitundu 30-35 yamadzi amchere a sun grouper (banja la Centrarchidae) padziko lapansi, omwe amapezeka ku Canada, United States ndi Central America.
Mitundu yachilengedwe ya Sunfish ku North America imachokera ku New Brunswick kutsidya la gombe lakummawa kupita ku South Carolina. Kenako imalowera mkati kupita pakati pa North America ndikudutsa ku Iowa ndikubwerera ku Pennsylvania.
Amapezeka makamaka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa United States ndipo samapezeka kwenikweni kum'mwera chapakati kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa kontinentiyo. Komabe, nsombazi zidadziwitsidwa ku North America ambiri. Tsopano atha kupezeka kuchokera ku Washington ndi Oregon pagombe la Pacific kupita ku Georgia pagombe la Atlantic.
Ku Europe, imadziwika kuti ndi mtundu wowononga, chifukwa imasamutsa mitundu yakomweko ya nsomba zikafika m'malo abwino. Anthu akuti anenedwa ku Hungary, Russia, Switzerland, Morocco, Guatemala ndi mayiko ena.
Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madzi ofunda, odekha, mayiwe ndi mitsinje, mitsinje yaying'ono yokhala ndi masamba ambiri. Amakonda madzi oyera ndi malo omwe angapezeko pogona. Amakhala pafupi ndi gombe ndipo amapezeka ambiri m'malo osaya. Amadya m'madzi onse kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, makamaka masana.
Sunfish nthawi zambiri imakhala m'magulu, omwe atha kuphatikizanso mitundu ina yofananira.
Magulu a nsomba zazing'ono amakhala pafupi ndi gombe, koma akulu, monga lamulo, amapita m'magulu awiri kapena anayi kupita kumalo ozama. Nkhono zimagwira ntchito tsiku lonse, koma kupumula usiku pafupi ndi pansi kapena m'malo otetezedwa pafupi ndi zinyama.
Usodzi chinthu
Sunfish amakonda kukoka nyongolotsi ndipo ndi yosavuta kugwira mukasodza. Angler ambiri amawona nsomba ngati nsomba zonyansa chifukwa imaluma mosavuta komanso nthawi zambiri woyenda akafuna kugwira china.
Popeza malo okhala amakhala m'madzi osaya ndipo amadyetsa tsiku lonse, ndizosavuta kugwira nsomba kuchokera pagombe. Amayang'ananso nyambo yayikulu kwambiri - kuphatikizapo nyongolotsi zam'munda, tizilombo, tizilombo kapena nsomba.
Komabe, sunfish ndiyotchuka kwambiri ndi asodzi achichepere chifukwa chofunitsitsa kutola, kuchuluka kwawo komanso kuyandikira kwawo pagombe.
Ngakhale anthu amawona nsomba kuti imve kukoma, siyotchuka chifukwa chochepa. Nyama yake ili ndi mafuta ochepa komanso imakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri.
Kufotokozera
Nsomba zowulungika zokhala ndi bulauni wagolide wokhala ndi mawonekedwe abuluu obiriwira komanso obiriwira amatsutsana ndi mitundu iliyonse yam'malo otentha mokongola.
Mtundu wamafutawo umakhala ndi mizere yobiriwira yabuluu kuzungulira mutu, ndipo operculum ili ndi m'mphepete mwofiira. Mapazi a lalanje amatha kuphimba zipsepse zakumaso, kumatako, ndi zipilala, ndipo gill amaphimba ndi mizere yabuluu mozungulira iwo.
Amuna amakhala okwiya kwambiri (komanso amwano!) Pa nthawi yoswana.
Sunfish nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi 10cm kutalika koma imatha kufikira 28cm.Malemera ochepera magalamu 450 ndipo mbiri yapadziko lonse lapansi ndi 680 magalamu. Nsombazo zinagwidwa ndi Robert Warne akusodza ku Lake Honoai, New York.
Sunfish amakhala zaka 12 m'ndende, koma mwachilengedwe ambiri a iwo samakhala zaka zopitilira zisanu ndi chimodzi mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Nsombayo yakhazikitsa njira yapadera yodzitchinjiriza. Pamapeto pake, pali 10 mpaka 11, ndipo kumapeto kwake kuli mitundu ina itatu. Minofu imeneyi ndi yakuthwa kwambiri ndipo imathandiza nsombazo kudziteteza ku nyama zolusa.
Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi kamwa yaying'ono yokhala ndi nsagwada zakumapeto zomwe zimathera pansi pamaso. Koma kumadera akumwera kwenikweni, sunfish yakhala ndi kamwa yayikulu komanso minofu yayikulu modabwitsa.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti chakudya chawo ndi ma crustaceans ang'ono ndi molluscs. Utali wokulumayo wokulirapo ndi minofu yolimba ya nsagwada zimalola kuti nyangayo itsegule chipolopolo cha nyama yake kufikira thupi lofewa mkati.
Kusunga mu aquarium
Tsoka ilo, palibe chidziwitso chodalirika pazomwe zili mumtsinje wa dzuwa mumtambo wa aquarium. Chifukwa chake ndi chophweka, monga nsomba zina zakomweko, ngakhale aku America eni ake samawasungira m'madzi.
Pali okonda omwe amawasunga bwino m'madzi am'madzi, koma samauza tsatanetsatane wake. Ndizotheka kunena kuti nsombazi ndizodzichepetsa, monga mitundu yonse yakuthengo.
Ndipo imafunikira madzi oyera, chifukwa m'malo otere amakhala m'chilengedwe.
Kudyetsa
Mwachilengedwe, amadya zakudya zazing'ono zosiyanasiyana pamtunda komanso pansi. Zina mwa zomwe amakonda ndi tizilombo, mphutsi za udzudzu, nkhono zazing'ono ndi nkhanu, mphutsi, mwachangu komanso zina zazing'ono.
Amadziwika kuti amadyetsa nsomba zazing'ono ndipo nthawi zina tizidutswa tating'ono, komanso achule ang'onoang'ono kapena tadpoles.
Sunfish yomwe imakhala m'matumba am'madzi okhala ndi ma gastropods akulu amakhala ndi mkamwa yokulirapo komanso minofu yolumikizana kuti athyole zipolopolo za ma gastropod
Amakonda kudya nyama zam'madzi ndipo amakonda kudyetsa tizilombo, nyongolotsi ndi nsomba zazing'ono.
Anthu aku America alemba kuti anthu omwe angotengedwa kumene atha kukana zakudya zosazolowereka, koma popita nthawi atha kuphunzitsidwa kudya nkhanu zam'madzi, ma virus a mazira ozizira, krill, ma cichlid pellets, chimanga ndi zakudya zina zofananira.
Ngakhale
Ndi nsomba zokangalika komanso zokonda kudziwa zambiri, ndipo samalani chilichonse chomwe chimachitika mozungulira nyanja yawo yamchere. Komabe, ndi nyama yodya nyama ina ndipo ndizotheka kusunga nkhwangwa dzuwa ndi nsomba zofananira.
Kuphatikiza apo, akulu amakwiya wina ndi mnzake ndipo amasungidwa bwino awiriawiri.
Amuna amatha kupha akazi nthawi yobereka ndipo ayenera kupatulidwa ndi akazi ndi olekanitsa mpaka atakonzeka kubereka.
Kuswana
Kutentha kwamadzi kukangofika 13-17 ° C kumapeto kwa masika kapena koyambirira kwa chilimwe, amuna amayamba kumanga zisa. Malo obisalira nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'madzi osaya pamchenga wamchenga kapena miyala.
Amuna amagwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zawo kuti asese mabowo osaya ozungulira omwe amakhala pafupifupi kutalika kwaimuna. Amachotsa zinyalala ndi miyala ikuluikulu zisa zawo mothandizidwa ndi pakamwa pawo.
Zisa zimapezeka m'magulu. Amuna ndi amphamvu komanso aukali ndipo amateteza zisa zawo. Khalidwe lokalali limapangitsa kuswana m'madzi kukhala kovuta.
Akazi amasambira pambuyo pomaliza kumanga chisa. Amayi amatha kubala chisa chimodzi, ndipo akazi osiyana amatha kugwiritsa ntchito chisa chomwecho.
Amayi amatha kupanga mazira pakati pa 1,500 ndi 1,700, kutengera kukula ndi msinkhu wawo.
Akatulutsidwa, mazirawo amamatira kumiyala, mchenga, kapena zinyalala zina zisa. Zazikazi zimachoka pachisa zitangobereka, koma zazimuna zimatsalira ndikusamalira ana awo.
Amuna amawateteza kwa masiku 11-14 oyambilira, ndikubwezera mwachangu chisa mkamwa ngati chikasokonekera.
Mwachangu amakhalabe m'madzi osaya kapena pafupi ndikukula mchaka choyamba cha moyo wa masentimita 5. Kukula msinkhu pakugonana kumafikiridwa ndi zaka ziwiri.
