Bloodhound kapena Chien de Saint-Hubert ndi amodzi mwamitundu yakale kwambiri komanso yotchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ma Bloodhound ali ndi mphamvu yakumva fungo lamphamvu kwambiri mdziko la canine. Poyamba adabadwira kuti azigwiritsa ntchito posaka agwape ndi nkhumba zakutchire, zadziwika bwino chifukwa chotha kutsatira anthu.
M'malo mwake, kununkhira kwamavuto amwaziwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kotero kuti agalu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupolisi ndi ntchito zofufuza ndi kupulumutsa apeza bwino fungo kuposa sabata lapitalo. Mu 1995, galu wogwira ntchito yosaka ndi kupulumutsa adatsata mwamunayo munthu yemwe adasowa masiku asanu ndi atatu m'mbuyomo.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Ma bloodhound anali amodzi mwa agalu oyamba kuweta mosamala malinga ndi muyezo. Mwina ndi imodzi mwamagulu akale kwambiri agalu omwe amapezeka ku Europe. Mitunduyi idayambira zaka za m'ma 700 AD. Munali munthawi imeneyi pomwe Saint Hubert (Hubert), mlenje wotchuka wodziwika ndi agalu ake aluso kwambiri osaka agwape, adatembenukira ku Chikhristu ndikusiya kusaka kuti azichita zambiri zamatchalitchi. Saint Hubert pamapeto pake adakhala woyera woyang'anira hound ndi kusaka. Sizikudziwika ngati ma hound omwe Saint Hubert amagwiritsa ntchito ndi makolo enieni a Bloodhound, koma zikuwonekeratu kuti agalu omwe adasungidwa ndi amonke omwe amakhala mnyumba ya amonke omwe adatchulidwa pambuyo pake adalinso.
Abbey ya Saint-Hubert ili m'chigawo cha Luxembourg, chigawo cha Neufchateau, m'chigawo cha France ku Ardennes. Abbey adatchuka chifukwa choswana agalu ku Middle Ages komanso nthawi yonseyi ya Renaissance. Amonke ku Saint-Hubert adayang'anitsitsa kuswana kwa agalu awo, zomwe zinali zosowa kwambiri mpaka m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. Agalu awo anali "oyera". Agalu osakawo pamapeto pake adadziwika kuti agalu a St. Hubert. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino pomwe hound ya Saint Hubert idawonekera, koma zikuyenera kuti zidachitika kwinakwake pakati pa 750 ndi 900, kutanthauza zaka zoposa chikwi zapitazo.
Sizikudziwika kuti amonke a ku Abbey a St. Hubert ankakonda agalu otani popanga mtundu wawo. Nthano zina zimati agalu awa ndi mbadwa zachindunji za malo oyera a Saint Hubert, ngakhale izi sizingatsimikizidwe. Nthano yofala kwambiri ndikuti omenyera nkhondo, akubwerera kuchokera ku Dziko Loyera, adabwera ndi ma hout achiarabu ndi aku Turkey. Komabe, izi sizokayikitsa chifukwa palibe mbiri yakale yochita izi.
Kuphatikiza apo, palibe mitundu ya agalu amakono kapena mbiri yakale yaku Middle East yomwe imafanana ndi ziwonetsero za Saint Hubert hound. Chiphunzitsochi sichimveka bwino chifukwa chakuti abbey adayamba kuswana agalu nthawi ina pakati pa 750 ndi 900, ndipo Nkhondo yoyamba sinayambe mpaka 1096.
Ndikothekanso kuti malo osungiramo nyama a Saint-Hubert adaswedwa chifukwa choswana bwino ma hound aku France ndipo nthawi zina agalu akunja omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yabwino amawonjezerapo.
Agalu osaka oweta mosamala adakhala ofunika kwambiri pakati pa olemekezeka, omwe amakonda kusaka monga chizolowezi chawo chachikulu. Amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa chakumva bwino kununkhiza. Unakhala mwambo kunyumba ya amonke kutumiza ma hound achichepere asanu ndi amodzi kwa King of France chaka chilichonse, ndipo chikhalidwechi chakhala zaka zambiri. Agalu amalemekezedwa ngati mphatso kwa anthu olemekezeka. Zokondera zachifumu zidapangitsa kuti hound wa Saint Hubert afalikire mwachangu m'manja achi France ndi Chingerezi.
Saint Hubert hound ndi agalu ena osaka adachita mbali yofunika kwambiri m'zaka zamakedzana ndi Renaissance. Kusaka inali imodzi mwazosangalatsa za otchuka. Achifumu ochokera konsekonse ku Europe ankasaka, ndipo kutchuka kwake konsekonse kunapangitsa kuti zikhale zosangalatsa zazikulu. Zokambirana zambiri, zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso zapakhomo, zachitika posaka.
A Bloodhound mwina awonapo zokambirana pamipangano yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri yaku Europe. Maulendo osaka nawonso adalimbikitsa ubale pakati pa mabanja ndi olemekezeka, komanso pakati pa olemekezeka ndi magulu awo ankhondo. Maulendowa adalimbikitsa kukhulupirika kwaumwini komanso akatswiri munthawi yamagawenga komanso nkhondo.
Mphatso yakukhetsa mwazi nthawi zambiri inali yopitilira mphatso yamnzanu kapena wachibale, kapenanso kuchitira zabwino. Inali mbali ya machitidwe ovuta a machitidwe amitengo yotsutsana ndi kukhulupirika ndi maudindo. Mphatso zoterezi zimalimbitsa mgwirizano pakati pa ambuye omwe nthawi zambiri amalimbana, zomwe zimakopa nzika zikwizikwi za mayiko ambiri.
Wodziwika bwino ku France, hound ya Saint Hubert idatchuka kwambiri ku England, komwe idayamba kufala kwambiri pansi pa dzina la Blooded Hound ndi Bloodhound. Mpaka pano, Bloodhound imadziwikabe kuti Hound of Saint Hubert, ngakhale dzinali tsopano ndichachikale.
Ku England, adayamba kuswana magazi kuti agwire ntchito limodzi ndi akavalo. Kunali ku England komwe Bloodhound idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutsatira anthu komanso nyama.
Mwinanso kudzera mukugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti Bloodhound idalumikizidwa ndi nthano zakale za Chingerezi ndi chi Celtic. Pali nkhani zambiri zachikhalidwe za agalu akuda ndi ma hellhound ku British Isles. Masomphenya a chimodzi mwa zolengedwa izi amatsogolera owonayo kuimfa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amatsikira kumoto. Ngakhale nthano izi zisanachitike kulengedwa kwa mtunduwu, mzaka zambiri zapitazi anali Bloodhound yemwe adatenga malo agalu poyamba omwe anali mmenemo.
Bloodhound inali mtundu wamtengo wapatali komanso wolemekezeka ku England kotero kuti inali imodzi mwa agalu oyamba kubadwa omwe adadziwitsidwa kumadera aku America. Zolemba zoyambirira za Bloodhound ku America zitha kupezeka ku University of William ndi Mary. Mu 1607, a Bloodhound adabweretsedwa ku America kuti athandizire kuteteza mafuko aku India.
Ngati m'zaka za zana la 17 Bloodhound anali ngati mtundu wamakono, womwe ndiwosangalatsa kotero kuti suli woyenera kugwira ntchito za agalu olondera, sizokayikitsa kuti anali othandiza kwambiri pankhaniyi. Komabe, mphuno yakuthwa yamagazi nthawi zonse imakhala yolemekezedwa ku America, makamaka ku America South.
Kwa mbiri yakale yaku America, Bloodhound ndiye nyama yokhayo yomwe umboni wake udaloledwa pamilandu. Fungo la sniffer limakhulupirira kuti linali lodalirika mokwanira kuzindikira munthu yemwe akukayikira ndikutumiza mkaidi kundende moyo wake wonse, ndipo nthawi zina, kuti akaphedwe.
Mosiyana ndi Europe, komwe Bloodhound nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galu wosaka, ku America idazolowera kugwiritsa ntchito kupeza anthu. Tsoka ilo, imodzi mwazoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku America inali kufunafuna akapolo omwe adathawa. Potsirizira pake, agalu anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuti apeze zigawenga, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakadali pano.
Posachedwa, agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati agalu osaka ndi kupulumutsa ndi kufunafuna mankhwala, ndikupambana kwambiri. Ma bloodhound tsopano amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kutsata ziweto zomwe zatayika ndi kuthawa.
Bloodhound yakhala ikuwonekera pazowonetsa agalu komanso pazolembetsa zamagulu. Mitunduyi idalembetsedwa koyamba ndi American Kennel Club ku 1885, patatha chaka chimodzi AKC itakhazikitsidwa. American Bloodhound Club, kapena ABC, idakhazikitsidwa mu 1952. Chifukwa cha kuchepa komanso kufunika kwa ntchito za mtunduwo pakukwaniritsa malamulo, pali mabungwe ena owonjezera omwe amaperekedwa kwa agalu omwe amatumikira. National Police Bloodhound Association idakhazikitsidwa ku 1966 ndipo Bloodhound Law Enforcing Association idakhazikitsidwa ku 1988.
Zikuwoneka kuti mawonekedwe asintha kwambiri m'mbiri yonse ya mtunduwu. N'zotheka kuti magazi a m'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages ndi Renaissance anali oopsa kwambiri kuposa agalu okongola komanso achikondi a masiku ano. Ndizomveka. Nyama yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulondola ndi kusaka nyama zamtundu waukulu komanso zowopsa monga nswala zimafunikira kuwuma ndi kuwopsa.
Chowonadi ndichakuti mu Middle Ages, hounds anali ndi cholinga chokulirapo kuposa kale. Ma hound nthawi zambiri amayembekezeredwa kukhala opitilira anzawo osaka; analinso ndi udindo woteteza eni ake komanso madera omwe amakhala. Zimafunikanso agalu okhala ndi mkwiyo komanso chibadwa choteteza.
Komabe, popeza ma Bloodhound adagwiritsidwa ntchito pongofuna kusaka, cholinga chawo chidasinthidwa kukhala chosachita zankhanza komanso choyankha eni ake. Izi zikuyenera kuti zidachitika pomwe agalu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutsatira anthu osati nyama. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosafunikira ngati galu wofufuza ndi wopulumutsa kuti aukire nyama yake akaipeza.
Chifukwa chazakale zake komanso mbiri yake, mtunduwu wakhudza kwambiri pakupanga ndikusintha mitundu ina yambiri. Kwa zaka mazana ambiri, ngati obereketsa akufuna kupititsa patsogolo kununkhiza kwa agalu awo, kulowetsa magazi mu jini inali imodzi mwanjira zazikulu zochitira izi. Ma bloodhound adachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa ma hound ambiri aku France ndi Britain.
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina yambiri yomwe tsopano imasungidwa makamaka ngati anzawo, pali ma hound ambiri omwe amakhala ndi cholinga choyambirira. Agalu zikwizikwi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asitikali, kusaka ndi kupulumutsa komanso mabungwe oyang'anira milandu padziko lonse lapansi. Agaluwa amagwiritsira ntchito kupopera chilichonse kuchokera kuphulika zopanga tokha kupita ndi ana amphaka otayika.
Komabe, mtundu wawo wachifundo komanso wofatsa, kuphatikiza mawonekedwe awo apadera komanso osangalatsa, zimapangitsa mabanja ambiri kuti asankhe zodzitchinjiriza kuti angocheza nawo.
Chiyambi cha dzinalo
Pakadali pano pali mikangano yokhudza momwe mtunduwu udatchulidwira poyamba. Olemba mbiri amakono ambiri amakonda kunena kuti ma Bloodhound adatchulidwa choncho osati chifukwa chonunkhira magazi, koma chifukwa ndiopanda kanthu.
Chiphunzitsochi mwachidziwikire chidachokera pazolemba za Le Coutule de Canteleu m'zaka za zana la khumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndipo zidabwerezedwa mwachisangalalo komanso mopanda tanthauzo ndi olemba amtsogolo, mwina chifukwa kusintha kwa dzinali kukadachotsa mtundu wabwinowu mosaganizira zakukonda kwamwazi.
Tsoka ilo, komabe, a de Canteleu kapena olemba pambuyo pake sanatchulepo umboni uliwonse wammbiri wotsimikizira izi.
Ndizolondola m'mbiri kuti munthu woyamba kuganizira za komwe dzinali lidachokera anali John Kai (1576), mosakayikira munthu wofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri yakale ya mtunduwo. M'malemba ake, amafotokoza zambiri zamavuto amwazi ndi momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, akufotokoza momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mapaki osakira kuti azitsata kununkhira kwa magazi, kuthekera kolondola akuba ndi opha nyama mwa fungo la mapazi awo, momwe angalira ngati atayika pomwe akuba awoloka madzi. Amanenanso za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'malire a Scottish (m'malire) kuti azitsatira ozembetsa.
Kwa iye, ma Bloodhound adatchedwa dzina lawo kuthekera kwawo kutsatira njira yamagazi. Pakalibe umboni uliwonse wotsutsana, palibe chifukwa chokayikira Kaya. Komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "mwazi" ponena za makolo kunabwera zaka mazana ambiri Kai atawona izi.
Kufotokozera
Bloodhound ndi imodzi mwamagulu odziwika bwino agalu. Ali ndi mphuno yamakwinya yamakedzana, makutu ogwa, ndi maso "achisoni" omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi malo osaka nyama. Agalu akuluakuluwa amadziwika kuti ali ndi vuto "lalikulu" komanso kukamwa kwakukulu.
Ma bloodhound ndi amodzi mwamitundu yayikulu kwambiri komanso yovuta kwambiri ya agalu. Amuna amayenera kukhala 58 mpaka 69 cm (23-27 mainchesi) pakufota ndikulemera pakati pa 54 ndi 72 kg. Akazi ocheperako ayenera kukhala 58 mpaka 66 kutalika komanso kulemera kwa 49 mpaka 57 kg. Kulemera kwa galu nthawi zonse kuyenera kukhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwake. OĊµeta ndi oweruza amakonda agalu olemera komanso ataliatali, bola ngati nyamayo ili ndi thanzi labwino. Ma bloodhound makamaka agalu ogwira ntchito ndipo amayenera kukhala athanzi nthawi zonse.
Mitundu yovomerezeka ndi yakuda, chiwindi, bulauni komanso yofiira.
Ma bloodhound adapangidwa kuti akwaniritse kununkhira kwawo kwazaka zopitilira chikwi. Maonekedwe ake ambiri amakhala chifukwa cha kuswana modzipereka kwa zaka mazana ambiri.
Mitsempha yamagazi imakhala ndi mphukira zazitali komanso mphuno zowuluka, zomwe zimawapatsa malo akulu olandirira zolimbitsa thupi. Makutu ataliatali, ogweramo magazi amadzinenera kuti amatenga tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso timabweza m'mphuno, ngakhale ambiri amakhulupirira kuti izi sizokayikitsa.
Maso alowetsedwa pankhope, kupatsa galu mawu "owopsa" omwe amadziwika kuti ndi otchuka. Mtundu wa diso uyenera kufanana ndi malaya ake. Makwinya amakopeka nthawi zambiri amatalika mpaka nkhope ndipo nthawi zina mpaka m'khosi, ngakhale osafanana ndi mastiff kapena bulldog.
Galu ayenera kukhala ndi mchira wautali womwe nthawi zambiri umanyamulidwa molunjika, pafupifupi ngati lupanga.
Khalidwe
Ma bloodhound amadziwika bwino chifukwa chankhanza zawo ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale kufatsa. Agaluwa amawasaka kuti asakire anthu popanda kuwaukira kapena kuwavulaza akafika kwa omwe wawabera.
Izi zikutanthauza kuti sangakhale achiwawa kwa anthu kuposa mitundu ina yambiri. Ma bloodhound amadziwika ndi chikondi chawo chapadera kwa ana. Ngati mukufuna galu wolondera, ndibwino kuti musayang'ane kwina.
Komabe, Kuphulika kwamagazi sikokhala chiweto choyenera kwa aliyense. Agaluwa ali ndi mbiri yovuta kwambiri kuwaphunzitsa. Ma bloodhound adabadwa kuti akhale ouma khosi.
Kuuma kwawo kumawapangitsa kukhala abwino pakutsata njira zakale kwambiri zonunkhira pamtunda wamakilomita ambiri ovuta komanso ovuta. Izi ndi zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azithamangitsa nyama yawo ola limodzi mpaka ola limodzi. Zikutanthauzanso kuti sakonda kuuzidwa zochita.
M'malo mwake, anthu ambiri ndi osauka kwambiri pakumvera malamulo ndikuchitapo kanthu. Izi sizitanthauza kuti ndiopusa kapena samayankhula. M'malo mwake, zosiyana ndizowona. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kukhala ndi nthawi yochulukirapo yophunzitsa Bloodhound kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya agalu.
Ngakhale ndi kuyesayesa uku, mwina simudzawona zotsatira zomwe mungayembekezere kapena kusangalala nazo.
Vuto lina lomwe lingakhalepo chifukwa chauma kwa hounds ndikulakalaka kuthawa. Amatha kuyenda panjira ndikuyenda pamenepo kwa maola, ndipo nthawi zina masiku. Adzapitabe patsogolo osazindikira ngakhale pang'ono kuti simukuwatsatira.
Amatha kukhala kutali kwambiri, kapena kuposa pamenepo, kugundidwa ndi galimoto. Nthawi zonse muyenera kusunga galu wanu molimba. Mukamusiya, onetsetsani kuti ali ndi mpanda wamtali, wolimba. Agaluwa ndi olimba mokwanira kudumpha mipanda yambiri ngati angafune.
Kuphatikiza apo, ndizovuta kwambiri kuwabweretsanso akapita panjira chifukwa cha kuuma mtima kwawo komanso kumva kwawo. Ndizosatheka kusiya agalu awa osasamalidwa popeza amathanso kukumba pansi pa mipanda.
Mitsempha yamagazi imadziwika chifukwa chakuchedwa kukhwima. Zimatenga nthawi kuti zikhwime kuposa mitundu ina yonse. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kuthana ndi mwana wagalu wamasewera komanso wamoyo wautali kuposa mitundu ina.
Kwa mafani ambiri amtunduwu, izi ndizabwino komanso zosangalatsa. Ena sakuziwona kukhala zofunika kwenikweni. Ngati mukufuna kupewa kukwiya mosafunikira, mutha kutenga galu wamkulu.
Mitundu yambiri ya hound idapangidwa kuti igwire ntchito m'mapaketi, kuwapanga kukhala anzawo abwino agalu ena. Magazi amtundu wamagazi ndiopatula. Magazi amphongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi kapena awiriawiri.
Ngakhale ma bloodhound ambiri amakhala bwino ndi agalu ena, ndizofala kwa iwo kuwonetsa agalu a ziwalo zomwezo. Ngati mukufuna kuyambitsa Bloodhound ku paketi ya agalu yomwe ilipo kale kapena galu watsopano pagulu la Bloodhound, ndibwino kuti agalu awiriwo ndi amuna kapena akazi anzawo.
Ma bloodhound akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kutsata anthu kwanthawi yayitali, komanso posachedwapa ziweto zina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakonda kuwonetsa kuchepa kwa nyama kuposa mitundu ina yambiri ya agalu ndipo atha kukhala chisankho chabwino kwa mabanja amitundu yambiri kuposa mitundu ina yosaka.
Komabe, poyambirira adasamalidwabe kusaka ndikupha nyama zina. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ma bloodhound ena akuwonetsabe kuyendetsa kwambiri nyama. Ngati mukufuna kuti Bloodhound ikhale mwamtendere ndi nyama zina, ndibwino kuti muzicheza nawo kuyambira muli aang'ono.
Mavuto amwazi ayenera kulandira zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira ndikulimbikitsa kwamaganizidwe. Ndi nyama zopangidwa kuti zizigwira ntchito maola ambiri ndikuganiza zamavuto. Ngati zosowa zawo sizikwaniritsidwa, atha kukhala owononga, owononga kwambiri.
Ma bloodhound amakhalanso makoswe odziwika, okonzeka kuyika chilichonse chomwe angapeze mkamwa mwawo. Agalu osadziwa zambiri amathanso kusewera kwambiri komanso osangalatsa, makamaka ndi alendo atsopano. Alendo ambiri kunyumba sangakhale omasuka ndi galu wamkulu wolumpha pamapewa awo ndikugwa pamaso.
Pali zina zingapo zapadera zomwe eni mtsogolo akuyenera kudziwa. Bloodhound drool, ndi zambiri. Malovu amatuluka pafupipafupi kuchokera mkamwa. Malovu amenewa adzalowa m'zovala zanu. Idetsa mipando yanu yonse ndi makalapeti. Idzagwira ntchito kwa inu ndi alendo anu.
Mitsempha yamagazi ndiyonso mokweza, kwambiri, mokweza kwambiri. Adasinthidwa kotero kuti anali okweza mokwanira kuti amveke pamahatchi, kufuula ndi nyanga. Amamveka mosavuta pazinthu zonsezi. Kukuwa kwa kusaka mwazi ndiimodzi mwaphokoso kwambiri lomwe galu aliyense angamve. Ngati mudawonerako kanema wakale wonena za umbanda kapena kuphulika kwa ndende ndikumva kulira kwaphokoso kwambiri komanso kwaphokoso kwambiri kwa agalu omwe amathamangitsa zigawenga, ndiye kuti anali magazi.
Chisamaliro
Ochepa kwambiri, ngati alipo, amafunikira chisamaliro cha akatswiri. Izi sizitanthauza kuti samakhetsa. Zina zimakonda kwambiri kukhetsa, ngakhale sizofanana ndi mitundu ina ya agalu. Ma bloodhound amakhalanso ndi "fungo lamphamvu" lamphamvu lomwe anthu ambiri sakonda.
Eni ake akuyenera kusamala makwinya awo ndi makutu awo ogona. Muyenera kutsuka makutu anu pafupipafupi kuti mupewe matenda komanso fungo loipa. Ndikofunika kuti muyambe kuchita izi kuyambira ali aang'ono kwambiri kuti mupewe zovuta ndi mantha galu akamakula msinkhu ndi mphamvu.
Zaumoyo
Tsoka ilo, a Bloodhound amavutika ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana zathanzi. Amagwidwa ndi matenda ambiri omwe amapezeka pakati pa agalu osakwatiwa ndi mitundu yayikulu. Makutu amatengeka kwambiri ndi matenda. Mitsempha yamagazi imadziwika chifukwa chokhala ndi moyo kwakanthawi pafupifupi zaka 10.
