Malinga ndi magwero akulu, moyo wautali wa njoka umakokomeza kwambiri. N'zotheka kuwerengera kuti ndi njoka zingati zomwe zimakhala m'mabwalo a njoka ndi malo osungira nyama, ndipo zaka za moyo wa zokwawa zaulere, sizingathe kuwerengedwa.
Kodi njoka zimakhala zaka zingati
Mukayang'anitsitsa, zambiri zokhudza njoka zomwe zadutsa zaka za zana lino (ndipo ngakhale zaka zana zapitazo) zimakhala zopanda pake.
Zaka zisanu zapitazo, mu 2012, kuyankhulana kosangalatsa komanso kodzaza ndi mafunso kunachitika ndi Dmitry Borisovich Vasiliev, Dokotala wa Sayansi Yowona Zanyama, akutsogolera akatswiri azachipatala a Zoo ku Moscow. Ali ndi ntchito zopitilira 70 za sayansi komanso zolemba zoyambirira zapanyumba zosamalira, matenda ndi chithandizo cha zokwawa, kuphatikizapo njoka. Vasiliev adapatsidwa mphotho yotchuka kwambiri ya ziweto ku Russia, Golden Scalpel, katatu.
Wasayansi amakonda njoka, zomwe wakhala akuphunzira kwa zaka zambiri. Amawatcha kuti chandamale chabwino kwambiri cha akatswiri odziwika ndi ziweto (chifukwa cha tiziromboti tambirimbiri tomwe timasautsa njoka), komanso maloto a dotoloyu komanso maloto owopsa (njoka zimavutika kutuluka mu dzanzi). Koma ndi bwino kuyeserera ma ultrasound pa njoka yokha, yomwe ziwalo zake zimakhazikika, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kamba.
Vasiliev akuti njoka zimadwala pafupipafupi kuposa zokwawa zina, ndipo izi zimafotokozedwanso ndikuti zoyambazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala mu ukapolo wa chilengedwe ndi gulu la matenda opatsirana. Mwachitsanzo, nyama zamatenda akamba ndizosauka kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mwambiri, malinga ndi kuwunika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa veterinarian, mndandanda wamatenda a njoka ndiwambiri kuposa zokwawa zina: pali matenda ambiri amtundu wa virus, matenda ambiri omwe amayambitsidwa ndi kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kake, ndipo oncology imapezeka kawiri kawiri.
Poyang'ana kumbuyo kwa izi, ndizodabwitsa kunena za kutalika kwa njoka, koma palinso ziwerengero zolimbikitsa pa Zoo ya Moscow, yomwe iyenera kutchulidwa mwapadera.
Olemba mbiri ya Zoo ya Moscow
Vasiliev amanyadira kusonkhanitsa zokwawa zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa ndikuweta pano ndi kutenga nawo mbali mwachindunji (mitundu 240), kutcha ichi kupambana kwakukulu.
Mu terrarium ya likulu, sikuti njoka zapoizoni zokha zokha zimasonkhanitsidwa: pakati pawo pali zitsanzo zosowa zomwe sizikupezeka m'malo ena osungira nyama... Mitundu yambiri idabadwa koyamba. Malinga ndi wasayansiyo, adakwanitsa kupeza mitundu yopitilira 12 ya mamba komanso khola lamutu wofiira, chokwawa chomwe sichinabereke ana mu ukapolo kale. Nyama yokongola iyi yakupha imadya njoka zokha, kupita kokasaka usiku.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ludwig Trutnau, katswiri wodziwika bwino wazaku Herpetologist waku Germany, adadabwa atawona krait ku Moscow Zoo (njoka yake idakhala zaka 1.5 ndipo adaiona ngati nthawi yosangalatsa). Apa akuti Vasilyev, ma kraits akhala ndikukhalanso kuyambira 1998.
Kwa zaka khumi, mimbulu yakuda idakhala ku Zoo ku Moscow, ngakhale kuti "sinachedwe" kumalo osungira nyama kwanthawi yoposa chaka ndi theka. Kuti achite izi, Vasilyev amayenera kugwira ntchito yayikulu yokonzekera, makamaka, kuti apite ku New Guinea ndikukhala mwezi umodzi pakati pa Apapu, ndikuphunzira zizolowezi za nsato zakuda.
Mitundu yovutayi, yomwe ili pafupi kubwereranso komanso yokhayokha imakhala kumapiri. Atagwidwa, adwala kwanthawi yayitali ndipo samazolowera kusamukira kumzindawu. Vasiliev adapereka gawo lonse la Ph.D. Nkhani yake ku nsato yakuda, akufufuza momwe zimakhalira zolemera kwambiri. Patangotha kupezeka maina a tiziromboti ndi mayina awo ndi kusankha mankhwala komwe mpheta zinakhazikika m'Zoo za ku Moscow.
Njoka zazitali
Malinga ndi World Wide Web, njoka yakale kwambiri padziko lapansi inali boa constrictor wamba wotchedwa Popeia, yemwe adamaliza ulendo wake wapadziko lapansi ali ndi zaka 40 zaka 3 miyezi ndi masiku 14. Chiwindi chachitali chidamwalira pa Epulo 15, 1977 ku Philadelphia Zoo (Pennsylvania, USA).
Aksakal wina wa ufumu wa njoka, nsato yojambulidwa yochokera ku Pittsburgh Zoo, yemwe adamwalira ali ndi zaka 32, adakhala zaka 8 zochepa kuposa Popeya. Ku malo osungira zinyama ku Washington, anakweza chiwindi chawo chachitali, anaconda, chomwe chatha zaka 28. Komanso mu 1958, zambiri zidapezeka za mamba yemwe adakhala m'ndende zaka 24.
Ponena za mfundo zazitali zokhala ndi moyo wa njoka, akatswiri a herpetologists amaumirira kuti sizoyenera kutengera mtundu wa zokwawa monga kukula kwake. Chifukwa chake, zokwawa zazikulu, kuphatikizapo nsato, zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 25-30, ndipo zazing'ono, monga njoka, zili kale theka la izo. Koma chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo chotere, komabe, sichambiri, koma chimangochitika mwanjira zosiyana.
Kupezeka kuthengo kumakhala ndi zoopsa zambiri: masoka achilengedwe, matenda ndi adani (mahedgehogs, caimans, mbalame zodya nyama, nkhumba zakutchire, mongooses ndi zina zambiri). Chinthu china ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe ndi mapaki, momwe zokwawa zimayang'aniridwa ndikuyang'aniridwa, kupereka chakudya ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, kupanga nyengo yabwino ndikuwateteza kwa adani achilengedwe.
Zokwawa zimachita bwino m'malo oyimilira ngati eni ake amadziwa momwe angagwirire njoka.
Chifukwa chiyani njoka sizikhala motalika kwambiri
Pali maphunziro owerengeka omwe adachitika, komabe, mzaka za m'ma 70s zapitazo, zomwe zidalemba zaka zakanthawi kochepa za njoka m'malo abwino kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Katswiri wazamankhwala waku Soviet Fyodor Talyzin (yemwe adaphunzira, makamaka, za njoka za njoka), adati ngakhale atakhala ndi khola lotseguka, zokwawa sizimatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Wasayansi amakhulupirira kuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakufupikitsa nthawi ya moyo chinali kusankha kwa poizoni: njoka zomwe sizinachite izi zimakhala nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chake, ku nazale ya Butantan (Sao Paulo), njoka zam'madzi zimangokhala miyezi itatu, komanso ku malo osungira nyama ku Philippines Islands (a labotale ya seramu ndi katemera) - osakwana miyezi isanu. Kuphatikiza apo, anthu ochokera pagulu lolamulira adakhala masiku 149, omwe poyizoni sanatengeredwe konse.
Ponseponse, njoka za 2075 zidachita nawo zoyeserazo, ndipo m'magulu ena (omwe anali ndi mafupipafupi osiyanasiyana osankha njoka), ziwerengerozo zinali zosiyana:
- koyamba kumene poizoni ankatengedwa kamodzi pa sabata - masiku 48;
- wachiwiri, komwe amatenga milungu iwiri iliyonse - masiku 70;
- wachitatu, komwe amatenga milungu itatu iliyonse - masiku 89.
Wolemba kafukufuku wakunja (monga Talyzin) anali wotsimikiza kuti mamba amwalira chifukwa chapanikizika komwe kumachitika chifukwa chamagetsi. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, zinawonekeratu kuti njoka zomwe zimayatsidwa ku Philippines zikufa osati chifukwa cha mantha komanso njala ndi matenda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mpaka zaka zapakati pa 70s, malo ogulitsira akunja samasamala kwenikweni za kuyesaku, ndipo sanapangidwe kuti aziwasamalira, koma kuti apeze poyizoni. Ma Serpentariums anali ngati owunjikira: munali njoka zambiri m'malo otentha, komanso poyizoni m'mabotale otsanuliridwa mumtsinje.
Munali mu 1963 momwe zipinda zanyengo zodzikongoletsera za njoka zapoizoni zidawonekera ku Butantan (njoka yakale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi).
Asayansi apakhomo adatolera zambiri zakukhala ndi moyo muukapolo wa Gyurza, Shitomordnik ndi Efy (wa nthawi ya 1961-1966). Kuyeserera kwawonetsa - pomwe samamwa poizoni, njoka zimakhalako..
Zinapezeka kuti zazing'ono (mpaka 500 mm) ndi zazikulu (zoposa 1400 mm) sizimalekerera ukapolo bwino. Pafupifupi, ma gyuras amakhala mu ukapolo kwa miyezi 8.8, ndipo kutalika kwa nthawi yayitali kudawonetsedwa ndi njoka zomwe zimakhala ndi 1100-1400 mm, zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndimafuta ambiri pomwe amalowa nazale.
Zofunika! Mapeto omwe asayansi amapeza: kutalika kwa moyo wa njoka kumalo osungira ana kumatsimikiziridwa ndi momwe amasungidwira, kugonana, kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa kunenepa kwa zokwawa.
Sandy Efa. Amakhala ndi moyo wapakatikati pa serpentarium anali miyezi 6.5, ndipo zopitilira 10% za zokwawa zidapulumuka mpaka chaka. Kutalika kwambiri padziko lapansi kunali mabowo a 40-60 cm kutalika, komanso akazi.
