Tsiku lililonse anthu amapuma mlengalenga opindulitsa osati ndi mpweya wokha, komanso ndi mpweya woipa komanso mankhwala, omwe amakhudza thanzi. Pakadali pano, mitundu yotsatirayi ya kuipitsa imatha kusiyanitsidwa:
- zachilengedwe (mungu wadzala, moto m'nkhalango, fumbi pambuyo pakuphulika kwa mapiri);
- mankhwala (gaseous zinthu);
- nyukiliya (poizoniyu ndi zinthu zowononga mphamvu);
- magetsi amagetsi (mafunde amagetsi);
- matenthedwe (mpweya ofunda);
- kwachilengedwe (kuipitsidwa ndi ma microbes, mavairasi, mabakiteriya).
Magwero a kuipitsa mpweya
Vuto la kuipitsa mpweya ndilofunikira kumayiko onse padziko lapansi, koma padziko lonse lapansi mpweya suyipitsidwanso mofanana. Chosowa chachikulu kwambiri cha mpweya wabwino ndi m'maiko otukuka pachuma komanso m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Pali mabungwe osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito pazitsulo, zamagetsi, zamagetsi, zamagetsi, zomangamanga. Zinthu zonsezi zimatulutsa zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga pogwira ntchito. Amayenera kugwiritsa ntchito malo opangira zimbudzi. Mabizinesi ena samazigwiritsa ntchito chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi miyezo kapena chifukwa zida zake ndizachikale.
Mlengalenga waipitsidwa ndi zinthu ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:
- mpweya monoxide;
- sulfure woipa;
- nayitrogeni okusayidi;
- mpweya woipa;
- ma hydrocarbon;
- zitsulo zolemera;
- mawotchi fumbi;
- sublimates, etc.
Zotsatira zakuwonongeka kwa mpweya
Choyambirira, kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kumakhudza thanzi la anthu, chifukwa kumayambitsa matendawa, khansa yam'mapapu, mtima ndi matenda opuma. Kachiwiri, kuipitsa kumabweretsa matenda a nyama, mbalame, nsomba, ndi kufa kwa zomera.
Mavuto owononga mpweya amathandizira pakupanga mabowo a ozoni, ndipo wosanjikiza wa ozoni amateteza dziko lapansi ku ma radiation a dzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kutentha kwadziko kukukulirakulira, chifukwa chake kutentha kwa mpweya kumakulirakulira, komwe kumabweretsa kutentha kwadziko lapansi. Akakhala mlengalenga, mankhwala amagwera pansi ngati mvula yamchere yokhala ndi nayitrogeni ndi sulfure oxides. Mizinda ikuluikulu imakokedwa ndi utsi wa nthunzi, utsi ndi fumbi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kuti anthu apume ndikuyenda mozungulira misewu, chifukwa utsi umachepetsa kwambiri kuwonekera.
Kuti zamoyo zonse zikhale ndi mwayi wopindulitsa thupi lawo ndi mpweya pakupuma, ndikofunikira kuyeretsa mlengalenga. Izi zimafunikira kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagalimoto, kuchepetsa zinyalala, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosasamala zachilengedwe ndikusinthira magwero amagetsi omwe angapangidwenso.
