Kwa zaka masauzande angapo zapitazi, zochita za anthu sizidawononge chilengedwe, koma atasintha luso, kulingalira pakati pa munthu ndi chilengedwe kudasokonekera, popeza zachilengedwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Nthaka zinawonongedwanso chifukwa cha ntchito zaulimi.
Kuwonongeka kwa nthaka
Ulimi wokhazikika, kulima mbewu kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa nthaka. Nthaka yachonde imasanduka chipululu, zomwe zimabweretsa kufa kwachitukuko cha anthu. Kutha kwa dothi kumachitika pang'onopang'ono ndipo zotsatirazi zimabweretsa izi:
- kuthirira kochuluka kumathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yamchere;
- kutayika kwa zinthu zakuthupi chifukwa chosakwanira umuna;
- kumwa mopitirira mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi agrochemicals;
- kugwiritsa ntchito mopanda nzeru malo olimidwa;
- msipu wosawerengeka;
- mphepo ndi kukokoloka kwa madzi chifukwa cha nkhalango.
Nthaka imatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ipangidwe ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono. M'malo momwe ziweto zimadyera, zomera zimadyedwa ndikuphedwa, ndipo madzi amvula amawononga nthaka. Zotsatira zake, maenje akuya ndi zigwa zimatha kupanga. Kuti muchepetse ndikuimitsa ntchitoyi, ndikofunikira kusamutsa anthu ndi nyama kumadera ena ndikubzala nkhalango.
Kuwononga dothi
Kuphatikiza pa vuto lakukokoloka ndi kuchepa kwa ulimi, palinso vuto lina. Uku ndi kuipitsa nthaka kuchokera kumagwero osiyanasiyana:
- zinyalala za mafakitale;
- Kutaya kwa mafuta;
- feteleza amchere;
- kunyamula zinyalala;
- kumanga misewu, malo oyendera;
- njira zokhalira m'mizinda.
Izi ndi zina zambiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa nthaka. Ngati simukuyang'anira zochitika za anthropogenic, magawo ambiri adzasanduka chipululu komanso chipululu. Nthaka itaya chonde, zomera zidzafa, nyama ndi anthu adzafa.
