Anthu adaphunzira momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kutentha kugwira ntchito iliyonse yamakina zaka mazana angapo zapitazo. Pogwiritsa ntchito injini zotentha, mafuta amafunikira nthawi zonse, omwe amawotcha ndikupanga utsi. Chifukwa chake, kuipitsa chilengedwe kumachitika.
Kodi injini yotentha ndi yotani?
Ma injini otentha amatchedwa motors ndi njira zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yotentha kuti igwire ntchito zina. Mawuwa ndi otakata kwambiri ndipo amaphatikizapo zida zambiri zosiyanasiyana kuyambira pa boiler yotentha ndi injini ya dizilo ya sitima yapamtunda yayikulu.
Makina omwe amagwiritsa ntchito kutentha m'njira zosiyanasiyana amatizungulira tsiku lililonse. Kwenikweni, ngakhale firiji wamba imagwa pansi pa tanthauzo la injini yotentha, chifukwa imagwira ntchito ndi kutentha. Imachotsa m'chipinda cha firiji kupita ku "radiator" yomwe idakwezedwa kukhoma lakumbuyo, potero imayatsa mpweya m'chipindacho mosazindikira. Komabe, firiji satulutsa mpweya uliwonse, womwe sunganenedwe za njira zina zambiri zotenthetsera.
Kodi injini yotentha imagwira ntchito bwanji?
Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito njira zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito kutentha ndizosiyana. Koma ambiri a iwo ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofanana: amawotcha mafuta ndikupanga utsi. Amakhala ndi mafuta osapsa, chifukwa kuyaka kwa 100% sikutheka m'malo ambiri.
Chinsinsi cha injini yotentha chimatha kumveka mosavuta pogwiritsa ntchito njanji yamoto. Makina oyendetsa njanjiyi, omwe samapezekanso munthawi zonse zanjanji, amachokera pa thanki lalikulu lamadzi ndi bokosi lamoto. Malasha amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta, omwe akawotcha amawotcha madzi. Izi, zimayambanso kusanduka nthunzi, kukankha ma pistoni. Makina a ma pistoni ndi ndodo amalumikizidwa ndi mawilo ndikuwapangitsa kuti azizungulira. Chifukwa chake, njanji yanthunzi ndi injini yotentha ndipo popanda kutentha sinathe kuyenda.
Pakati pa kuyaka kwa khala m'ng'anjo yamoto, utsi wamakala umapangidwa. Amaponyedwa panja kudzera pa chitoliro panja, ndikukhazikika pamtunda wampweya wothamanga, masamba amitengo, nyumba zomwe zili munjanji, ndi zina zambiri.
Kusokoneza chilengedwe
Ma injini otentha amawononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, komanso chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mafuta amagetsi. Sitima zapamadzi zomwe tazitchula koyambirira sizingawononge chilengedwe ngati zilipo. Koma sitima zapamtunda zonyamula nthunzi m'maiko apadziko lapansi zinali zazikulu, ndipo adathandizira kwambiri pakupanga utsi wosuta m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti utsi unali fumbi laling'ono kwambiri lamakala.
Utsi wochokera kunyamula kwamakono umakhala ndi zina zambiri "zosangalatsa". Mafuta a dizilo, mafuta, palafini, mafuta ndi mafuta ena ochokera ku mafuta ndi mankhwala omwe amasinthidwa nthawi yoyaka, zomwe zimawononga thanzi la anthu. Amakhudzanso nyama zakutchire. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wanthawi zonse wa mpweya wotulutsa utsi ndi utsi kuchokera ku mafakitale zimakulitsa kutentha komwe kumawopseza kutentha kwanyengo.
Njira zothanirana ndi mphamvu zamagetsi otentha
Ndizotheka kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kuchokera kuzinthu zamafuta kudzera mukuwongolera kwawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Pakadali pano, matekinoloje opulumutsa mphamvu akuyambitsidwa mwakhama padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe, zimabweretsa kutsika kwa mpweya mumlengalenga, ngakhale pakupanga mphamvu zamagetsi.
Gawo lachiwiri ndikupanga makina azosefera atsopano komanso kugwiritsanso ntchito utsi wazinyalala kapena mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Machitidwe otsekedwa amakulolani kuti muwonjezere kuchuluka kwa ntchito yothandiza pochepetsa kutulutsa kwa zinthu zovulaza mumlengalenga.
