Nkhandwe wamba - m'modzi mwa ngwazi zotchuka kwambiri zopeka, zogwirizana kwambiri ndi nthano zachisilavo. Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti chilombochi ndichachinyengo komanso chinyengo. Amadziwika ndi aliyense kuyambira ali mwana. Koma si aliyense amene angadzitamande ndi chidziwitso chenicheni cha zizolowezi zachilengedwe, mawonekedwe achilengedwe a nyama ngati nkhandwe wamba. Ndipo ichi ndi nyama yosangalatsa, yachilendo!
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe wamba
Nkhandwe wamba ndi nyama yodya nyama. Ndi za banja la canine. Dzinalo limachokera ku chiganizo Chakale cha Chisilavo "nkhandwe". Amatanthauza ofiira, achikasu. Ndi amene amadziwika kwambiri ndi nyama iyi. Banja la canid ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Pali mitundu yoposa makumi asanu ya ankhandwe okha. Chiwerengerochi sichiphatikizapo mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri ya chilombochi.
Nkhandwe ndi yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wake. Kulemera kwa chilombo chotere kumatha kufika makilogalamu khumi. Kutalika kwa nyama pamodzi ndi mchira nthawi zambiri sikudutsa masentimita zana limodzi ndi makumi asanu. Nkhandweyo ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mchira wake wobiriwira komanso wautali. Sikuti imangokongoletsa kokha, komanso imagwira ntchito yothandiza - imakhala ngati yolimbitsa pamene ikuyenda. M'nyengo yozizira, mchira umateteza nkhandwe ku kuzizira pogona.
Zosangalatsa: Ankhandwe amagawana zofanana zambiri ndi amphaka oweta. Pachimake pa ntchito za nyamazi zimagwera usiku, ali ndi masomphenya abwino, amakhala ndi njira zosakira zofananira, lilime loyipa komanso zikhadabo zotuluka.
Ankhandwe wamba ndi mitundu yofunika kwambiri yolusa nyama. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma. Nyama zoterezi zimagulitsa ubweya, ndizoyang'anira zachilengedwe za kuchuluka kwa makoswe, tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, ndi nkhandwe zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto kwa anthu. Amatha kusaka nkhuku ndipo ndi omwe amanyamula kwambiri matenda a chiwewe, matenda owopsa komanso osachiritsika.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Fox ndi nyama wamba yodya nyama
Nkhandweyo ndi yotchuka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, osangalatsa, ubweya wofewa komanso wokongola. Ichi ndi chilombo chachikulu, chomwe chimatha kulemera makilogalamu khumi, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi anayi. Mchira wa nyama uli ndi kutalika kwa masentimita makumi anayi mpaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Kutalika kwake kumadalira subspecies za chilombocho.
Ankhandwe wamba amakhala ndi nsagwada zolimba. Zonsezi, nyamayo ili ndi mano makumi anai ndi awiri, omwe amatha kuthana ndi pafupifupi chakudya chilichonse. Makutu a nyamayi ndi mawonekedwe: mawonekedwe amakona atatu, otambasuka pang'ono, m'malo mwake ndi akulu. Pali nsonga yakuthwa kumapeto kwa makutu.
Kanema: Nkhandwe wamba
Maso a nyama ndi abwino kwambiri. Amayang'ana bwino pamtunda, ngakhale usiku. Koma, oddly mokwanira, nkhandwe sizidalira kuwona, koma mphamvu zina mukamayenda ndikusaka: kununkhiza, kukhudza. Ali ndi kumva kwabwino komanso mphuno yosakhwima.
Mtundu wa malaya oimira mtunduwu akhoza kusiyanasiyana. Ankhandwe ndi ofiira, achikasu, akuda bulauni. Chovala chawo chimakhala cholimba komanso cholimba. Ndiwofunika kwambiri pakati pa anthu osati kokha chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake, komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Ubweya wotere umawoneka modabwitsa.
Chosangalatsa: Ma subspecies onse a nkhandwe wamba, mosatengera kukula kwake ndi dera lomwe amakhala, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana. Nyama zonse zili ndi makutu akuda ndi nsonga yoyera kumchira.
Ubweya wa nkhandwe wachilimwe ndi waufupi kwambiri komanso wosowa. Zima zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu. Ndi wandiweyani komanso wobiriwira. Zowononga izi zimayamba kuyambira February mpaka Julayi. Pambuyo pake, nthawi yakukula kwa ubweya wachisanu imayamba. Pofika Novembala, ma chanterelles amakhala atavala bwino ubweya wachisanu.
Kodi nkhandwe wamba zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe zofiira
Malo achilengedwe a nkhandwe wamba ndi otakata. Nyama izi zimakhala ku Europe, Asia, North Africa, North America. Adadziwitsidwa ndikuzolowera ku Australia. Tsopano chinyama chotere chafalikira pafupifupi kontinenti yonse. Kupatula madera omwe ali kumpoto. Ku Ulaya, pafupifupi subspecies khumi za nyama imeneyi amakhala, ndi m'mayiko ena - oposa makumi atatu.
M'mayiko omwe ali pamwambapa, nkhandwe zimapezeka m'malo onse ndi madera. Amamva bwino m'dera lamapiri, nkhalango, chipululu, mapiri, nkhalango zotentha. Komanso, amatha kusintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana. Kupatula kokha kumatha kukhala madera okhala ndi chinyezi chapamwamba kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa ziweto kumadera ena ndizosiyana kwambiri.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngakhale nkhandwe zimasinthasintha, ambiri adawonedwa m'mphepete mwa nkhalango. Amakonda malo otseguka, ngakhale kuti anthu amakhulupirira kuti nyama zoterezi zimakhala m'nkhalango zowirira zokha.
Ambiri mwa ziwetozi amakhala kuthengo. Komabe, nkhandwe zochulukirapo zimapezeka pafupi ndi midzi, mizinda, matauni. Anthu osungulumwa awonedwa ndi anthu kumadera apakati pamizinda ikuluikulu. Ankhandwe azolowera mwanjira zofananira. Amapeza chakudya chawo m'mapaki, pansi pazinyumba zogona, m'malo otayira tawuni, munyumba zaulimi.
Kodi nkhandwe wamba amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yofiira wamba
Ankhandwe ndiwo nyama zolusa. Komabe, zakudya zawo ndizokwanira. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa asayansi, zakudya za achikulire zimaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa mazana anayi ya chakudya cha nyama ndi mitundu ingapo yazakudya zamasamba.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri, nkhandwe zimadya zakudya izi:
- Makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Amatha kutchedwa maziko azakudya za nyama izi. Kwenikweni, nkhandwe zimasaka mbewa zoyipa. Asayansi akuwona kuti mkhalidwe wa nkhandwe mdera linalake umadalira kuchuluka ndi kupezeka kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- Zaitsev. Sizingatheke kugwidwa ndi chilombo. Ma subspecies ochepa okha ndi omwe amasaka ma hares ndi hares molimbikira. Ndipo panthawi ya mliri, chilombo chitha kudya ngakhale mitembo ya nyama zazing'onozi;
- Mbalame. Nyama izi sizofunikira pamoyo wa chanterelles monga makoswe. Koma nkhandwe wamba sidzaphonya mwayi wogwira ndikudya mbalame nkhomaliro. Chilombocho chimapha mbalame zikakhala pansi. Anapiye amene agwera pa zisa ndi mazira amakhala osavuta kudya adani. M'mikhalidwe yanjala, nkhandwe zitha kulimbana ndi mbalame zoweta. Amawagwira kuchokera m'khola;
- Tizilombo. Nkhandwe wamba imatha kudya kafadala wamkulu ndi mphutsi zawo. Sadzanyoza ngakhale tizilombo tofa;
- Zakudya zamasamba. Sizitenga gawo lofunikira pakudya kwa nyama. Nkhandwe sizimadya zakudya zamasamba: zipatso, zipatso, zipatso, mizu yambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe wamba
Nthawi yomwe amakonda kwambiri nkhandwe usiku. Amasaka nthawi yamadzulo, ndipo masana amakonda kupuma m'mayenje awo. Komabe, pali ma subspecies ena omwe amatha nthawi kufunafuna chakudya masana ndikugona usiku. Maenje a ankhandwe ndi aatali kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi zipinda zingapo zosiyana. Nyama zimaswa m'mapiri, kumalo otsetsereka a zigwa. Cholinga chachikulu chakubowoleza ndi pogona pangozi komanso pogona pa ana amtsogolo.
Mzimayi amatha kubala ana pafupifupi asanu ndi limodzi nthawi imodzi. Amakhala ndi amayi awo mchipinda chimodzi. Pachitetezo, akazi amapanga mabowo potuluka kangapo. Izi zimapangitsa nyamayo ndi ana ake kuthawa pakagwa ngozi. Mwa ichi, mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe zimathawa agalu osaka.
Zosangalatsa: Mosiyana ndi nyama zina zambiri, nkhandwe sizimakhamukira. Amakonda kukhala okha. Akuluakulu amatha kukhalapo limodzi pokhapokha nyengo yoswana. Pambuyo pa umuna, chachikazi ndi chachimuna chimasiyana.
Nkhandwe ndi nyama yosamala kwambiri, yokonda mtendere. Samalowa nawo pachiwopsezo mosafunikira. Kulimbana pakati pa nyama kumachitika nthawi yokhwima yokha komanso chifukwa cha "kujambula" kwa gawolo. Nyamayo imayesetsa kupewa anthu, nthawi zambiri ikawonekera pamaso pake. Ngakhale kusamalidwa ndi nkhandwe, zimachita chidwi ndi chidwi. Nyama izi ziwunika chilichonse chosangalatsa chomwe chingawayike.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Fox Cub
Nyengo yokhazikika pa nkhandwe wamba ili ndi izi:
- Imatenga miyezi ingapo: kuyambira Januware mpaka Marichi;
- Amuna amatha kupanga ndewu zazing'ono zazimayi. Komabe, wopambana si wamphamvu kwambiri, koma wopambana kuposa onse. Komanso m'nyengo yokwatirana, nyamazi zimavina gule wachilendo. Amaima ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuyenda wina ndi mnzake kwa nthawi yayitali;
- Nthawi ina, mkazi amatha kubereka ana asanu ndi mmodzi. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zinyalala zoposa khumi. Kwa ana, makutu amatsekedwa kwathunthu, palibe masomphenya. Amayamba kuwona ndikumva patadutsa milungu iwiri yoyambirira;
- Ana a nkhandwe amatenga mkaka wa amayi awo kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka basi. Kenako amayamba kuzolowera kudya nyama;
- Ana omwe akukula amadyetsedwa ndi makolo onse awiri. Amayenera kupeza chakudya pafupifupi tsiku lonse;
- Miyezi ingapo atabadwa, anawo amatha kuchoka pamtambo pawokha. Achinyamata amapezeka kutali kwambiri ndi kwawo ndi makolo. Ndipamene amakodwa ndi zilombo zina zazikuluzikulu;
- Ankhandwe amakhala pawokha pafupi ndi nthawi yophukira. Pakadali pano, atha kuchoka kunyumba ya amayiwo ndikumanga miyoyo yawo. Kukula msinkhu kwa zaka 1.5. Poterepa, amuna amakula pambuyo pake.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe wamba
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yofiira
Anthu anali mdani wamkulu wa nkhandwe. Alenje mosasamala anawombera adani awa. Izi zidachitika pofuna kupatula mwayi wokhazikitsidwa ndi chiwewe. Lero, vutoli silowopsa kwambiri chifukwa cha katemera wamlomo. Kupangidwa kwa mankhwalawa kunathandiza kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matenda m'zinyama. Zinachotsanso kufunikira kwa kuwombera kosalekeza kwa achikulire.
Kuwombera nkhandwe wamba, kunachepa. Komabe, nyamazi zimavutikirabe m'manja mwa anthu. Anthu ambiri amasaka chanterelles kuti azisangalala komanso kusangalala. Akuluakulu ambiri amaphedwa ndi misampha ya adani anzawo.
Mwa nyama, nkhandwe nthawi zambiri zimaukiridwa ndi mimbulu ndi nyama zina zomwe zimawaposa kukula ndi mphamvu. Lynxes, wolverines, zimbalangondo sizidzakana kudya nkhandwe kapena ana ake. Ma Ermines, ma ferrets ngakhalenso ma badger amakhala pachiwopsezo chanterelles. Mitundu yomwe imakhala Kummawa imaphedwa ndi akambuku.
Tinyama tating'ono ndi tating'ono ta nkhandwe wamba timavutika ndi kuukira kwa mbalame zazikuluzikulu. Amaphedwa ndi ziwombankhanga, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, ziwombankhanga. Koma ambiri, nkhandwe sizingatchulidwe mosavuta. Nyama izi ndizochenjera, zachangu komanso zimakwera mitengo mwangwiro.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe wamba
Pakadali pano, palibe deta yolondola pa kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe wamba. Komabe, amadziwika kuti anthu owonongawa ndi okwera kwambiri. Koma, mwatsoka, zimakonda kusinthasintha.
Zinthu zotsatirazi zimakhudza kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe:
- Zanyengo ndi nyengo zachilengedwe;
- Chiwerengero ndi kupezeka kwa makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- Kukula kwa matenda opatsirana.
Pakati pa chisanu kapena chilala chachikulu, kuchuluka kwa kubereka kwa akazi kumatsika, ochepa mwa ana amapulumuka mpaka kukhwima. Zikatero, chiopsezo cha matenda osiyanasiyana chimakulirakulira. Kuchokera ku chiwewe kapena mliri wina m'deralo, nkhandwe zambiri zimatha kufa nthawi imodzi.
Ngakhale panali zovuta zomwe zilipo, kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe wamba ndikokwanira m'chilengedwe chonse. Chilombochi sichinaphatikizidwe mu Red Data Book, sichinatchulidwe ngati nyama yosamalira zachilengedwe, ndipo mtundu wa mitunduyo ndiyokhazikika komanso imayambitsa nkhawa. Kuthengo, nkhandwe zimatha kukhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Komabe, kuchuluka kwa nyama zotere ndizochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, olusawa amafa asanakwanitse zaka zitatu. Mu ukapolo, nyama imakhala nthawi yayitali kangapo. Pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri.
Nkhandwe wamba - nyama yosangalatsa, yokongola. Ndizofunikira kwambiri pachuma. Ali ndi ubweya wamtengo wapatali kwambiri, ndipo chinyama chomwecho chitha kutchedwa kuti chiwongolero chachilengedwe cha mbewa. Nkhandwe zimagawidwa pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi, zimasinthasintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 01.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 12:17
