Anthu amagwirizanitsa nyerere ndikugwira ntchito molimbika komanso kupirira pazifukwa: amatha kunyamula katundu mtunda wautali, maulendo 20 kulemera kwawo. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tinafalikira padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa chokhoza kukonza magulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamoyo wawo.
Pakadali pano, pafupifupi mitundu 13,500 ya nyerere yapezeka ndikugawidwa, pafupifupi 300 mwa iwo adakhazikika ku Russia.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nyerere - woimira gulu la tizilombo, monga arthropods ndi banja la nyerere. Tizilombo timene timakhala m'magulu akuluakulu omwe amadziwika bwino, omwe amaphatikizidwa m'magulu atatu:
- Chiberekero
- Amuna
- Nyerere zantchito
Thupi lawo limakhala ndi mutu, thunthu, miyendo itatu yamiyendo ndi tinyanga, tcheru pazinthu zakunja, zonunkhira komanso mafunde am'mlengalenga, zimagwira ntchito ya ziwalo zogwira. Miyendo ili ndi zokowera mosavuta.
Kukula kwa thupi kumasiyana pakati pa 0,4 mpaka 1.3 masentimita kutengera mitunduyo. Mfumukazi nthawi zambiri imakhala yayikulu kwambiri, koma imatha kukhala yofanana ndi anthu ena amderalo. Mtundu umadaliranso pazosiyanasiyana: zofiira, zakuda, zobiriwira, ndi zina zambiri.
Koma kupezeka kwa mapiko m'chiberekero, omwe amafa kumapeto kwa nthawi yokhwima, amapezeka pafupifupi mitundu yonse, ena amakhala ndi mapiko osatengera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi komanso malo ammudzi.
Tizilombo timakhala ndi maso asanu: awiri apakati okhala ndi mandala ambiri amapereka chithunzi, koma amakulolani kuti muziyenda, ena atatu ali ndi mawonekedwe achikale ndipo ali kumtunda kwa mutu.
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za nyerere ndi kununkhiza: mothandizidwa nazo zimazindikira anthu am'mudzimo ndikupeza chakudya. Fungo lapadera limapangidwa kuti lichenjeze za zoopsa ndikupempha thandizo.
Pofuna kudziteteza kwa adani, mbola yakuthwa ili pamimba pa tizilombo, pomwe amatha kuvulaza kwambiri, kuphatikiza izi, ma gland apadera amatulutsa mankhwala owopsa okhala ndi asidi wambiri.
Kwa munthu amene samadwala chifuwa, sizowopsa pang'ono, nthawi zambiri malo olumirako amangokhala ofiira komanso oyabwa. Kwa tizilombo ndi nyama zazing'ono, poizoni ndiwowopsa ndipo amatha kuyambitsa kuledzera.
Mitundu
Gulu la nyerere limasokonezedwa ndi kufanana kwa mitundu ina kwa inzake, mawonekedwe amtundu wosakanizidwa ndi mitundu ya abale. Ndi kusintha kwa zinthu, mibadwo ina imamwalira ndipo opulumuka amakhazikikanso, omwe amakakamizidwa kusintha kusintha kwa nyengo komanso malo okhala. Ambiri mitundu ya nyerere:
1. Nyerere zofiira. Iwo ali nalo dzinalo chifukwa cha utoto wofiyira wamimba ya akazi, pomwe amuna ali ndi thupi lakuda lokhala ndi khungu lofiirira. Anthu wamba amtunduwu ndi ochepa - mpaka 5 mm, mfumukazi zimatha kufikira 7 mm.
Nyerere zofala ndizofala m'maiko aku Europe, Far East, Siberia ndi Urals; amakonda nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zosakanikirana, momwe amathandizira oteteza, kupha tizirombo.
Nthawi zambiri, oimira amtunduwu amakhala pansi pamiyala yayikulu kapena mitengo yakugwa, koma amatha kumanga chiswech mpaka mamitala awiri kutalika ndi njira zovuta zodutsa ndi kutuluka kambiri.
2. Nyerere zazing'ono zamtchire... Tizilombo tambiri tofiirira tofiyira tomwe tili ndi mimba yakuda tidatchulidwa mu Red Book la mayiko ambiri aku Europe, komwe kumazimiririka. Nyerere zazing'ono zazing'ono zimafalikira makamaka m'nkhalango za Russia, Sweden, Germany, ndi zina zambiri. Ngakhale dzina la mtunduwo, oimira ake amafikira 14 mm kukula ndipo amatha kumanga nyumba kuchokera ku singano zakugwa pafupifupi 2.5 mita kutalika.
3. Nyerere zam'munda... Mwina mitundu yambiri yomwe yakhazikika ku Russia, Portugal ndi Great Britain. Mtundu wa thupi, wokutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono kwambiri, ukhoza kukhala wakuda kapena wakuda bulauni, koma kukula kumasiyana kutengera gawo lazikhalidwe: chiberekero chimafika 10 mm, amuna - 6, anthu ogwira ntchito ndi ocheperako - mpaka 5 mm.
Malo omwe mumakonda kumanga nyumba ndi zitsa zakale ndi mitengo yakugwa. Mitunduyi imadyetsa zonyansa za nsabwe za m'masamba, chifukwa chake, pomwe pali tiziromboti, mutha kupeza nyerere zazing'ono mpaka masentimita 30. Chodziwika bwino cha nyerere zakumunda wakuda ndi chiyembekezo chokhala ndi chiberekero: chimatha kubereka pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu.
4. Nyerere za Farao... Mitunduyi, yotchulidwa ndi komwe idachokera - ku Egypt, idakhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Anthu ndi amodzi mwazing'ono kwambiri mkalasi ndipo amasiyana mitundu kutengera udindo wawo mdera: Akazi achikuda ofiira amafika 4.5 mm, amuna akuda mpaka 3.5 mm, ndipo ogwira ntchito wamba - 2 mm.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti amuna amtundu uwu ali ndi mapiko, koma mwa akazi amakula kokha panthawi yokwatirana, pambuyo pake amalumidwa ndi nyerere zantchito. Nyerere za Farao zimakhala m'malo okhala anthu ndipo zimatha kumanga nyerere pafupifupi kulikonse - kuyambira maziko a nyumba mpaka zida zapanyumba.
5. Nyerere zamatabwa... Amakhazikika kudera lamapiri la Russia ndi mayiko a Western Europe. Pofuna kumanga nyumba, amakonda makungwa a mitengo, momwe amayenda mosiyanasiyana, potero amawononga nkhalango, amatha kukhazikika muziphuphu kapena nyumba zamatabwa. Zosiyanasiyana zikuyimira nyerere zofiira wokhala ndi thupi lofiirira, kufikira 10 mm m'litali.
6. Nyerere zazikulu... Tizilombo tokhala ndi thupi lakuda lowala, mpaka mamilimita 33 kukula, kumakhala nkhalango zanyontho zaku South America. Zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kukula kwake kodabwitsa, ndizosangalatsa pomwe mfumukazi zilibe, gawo lomwe nthawi yokwatirana limatengedwa ndi nyerere zazikazi. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi ndipo amakhala ndi mapiko osatha. Tizilombo tambiri zazikulu zimakhala mobisa, zisa zawo zili pakatikati pa masentimita 40 ndipo amapangira banja laling'ono la anthu 30-40.
Mitundu ina yachitsulo yodziwika:
- Nyerere ndi agalu agalu, omwe amatchulidwa chifukwa cha nsagwada zawo zazikulu zokhudzana ndi thupi, zomwe zimawalola kugwira nyama.
- Nyerere ndi oyendayenda omwe alibe malo okhalamo ndipo amapanga nyumba zosakhalitsa ndi matupi awo.
- nyerere zamapazi otuluka, otchulidwa choncho chifukwa cha mtundu wosiyanako: matupi awo ndi akuda, ndipo miyendo yawo ndi yofiirira, maso a tizilombo timeneti ndi akulu modabwitsa.
- Nyerere zopenga, zodziwika ndi zosokoneza, koma zokhoza kupanga magulu omwe amalumikizitsa magulu angapo okhala ndi ziwonetsero zambiri komanso mfumukazi zingapo zomwe sizili pankhondo.
- Nyerere za uchi ndizofala m'malo okhala ndi nyengo youma, zimasunga mame ndikudzala timadziti m'mimba mwawo, zomwe zimadyetsa anthu onse ammudzimo. Anthu aku Mexico amafinya uchi kuchokera kuzilombazi, zomwe zimawoneka kuti ndizabwino.
- Chipolopolo nyerere. Amatha kuthana ndi zinyama zazing'ono zomwe zimadyedwa ndikucheka ndi nsagwada zakuthwa. Amadziteteza potulutsa neurotoxin yowonongeka yomwe imayambitsa mantha a anaphylactic mwa anthu omwe amaphedwa pafupipafupi.
- Nyerere za asilikali. Chodziwika bwino cha mitunduyi ndi gulu lomveka bwino la moyo wosamukasamuka, logawika m'magulu ankhondo. Chifukwa chakuti chiberekero chimakwanira masentimita 5 kukula kwake mukamayikira mazira, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imadziwika kuti ndi yayikulu kwambiri yodziwika.
- nyerere zamoto. Ndiowopsa pazinthu zonse zamoyo ndipo amatha kuwononga zamoyo zambiri zomwe zili mdera lawo. Ngakhale kukula kwa 4-6 mm, ndiwokwiya kwambiri komanso amawukira, kutulutsa poizoni mthupi la wovulalayo.
Amakhulupirira kuti nyerere ndi mapiko amapanga mtundu wosiyana, koma asayansi amakhulupirira mosiyana: oimira mitundu yambiri, azimayi ndi amuna, amakhala ndi mapiko osakhalitsa kapena okhazikika. Amagwira ntchito yosunthira mosavuta kumalo okhala mabanja ena ndikupanga madera atsopano.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zamoyo, moyo wa nyerere umakhudza biogenesis. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyerere, amasula nthaka, kukhathamiritsa mizu ndi chinyezi. M'nyumbamo muli malo ofunda komanso achinyezi momwe mabakiteriya amachulukitsa, kukonza zinyalala ndi zimbudzi. Chifukwa chake, tizilombo timathandizira kudzaza nthaka ndi michere.
Nyerere - tizilombo chikhalidwe, kapangidwe ka madera awo ndi ofanana ndi anthu, odziwika ndi mawonekedwe omveka bwino momwe magawidwe ake ali ndi gawo lofunikira. Mitundu ina, kuwonjezera pa mitundu itatu yayikulu, palinso ina - asitikali, amagwira ntchito yoteteza nyerere, zomwe antchito amawapatsa chakudya.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - nyerere zamotoEni ake akapolo amalanda omwe akuyimira mabanja ofooka ndikuwononga ndalama zawo. Mulimonsemo, nyerere ndi chinthu chimodzi, popanda munthu aliyense payekha amene sangakhale ndi moyo.
Nyerere zafalikira m'makontinenti onse ndi madera akunja kupatula zipululu, Antarctica ndi zisumbu zozizira za nyanja ya Atlantic ndi Arctic. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi malo ake okhala, koma nyerere zimatha kuyenda ngakhale pakati pa mayiko ndi makontinenti, ndikupanga zigawo zatsopano zomwe sizinakhazikitsidwepo kale.
Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu yolimba imatha kuchotsa ofooka m'malo awo wamba. Moyo wokhala ndi nyengo yotentha umalola kuti tizilombo tizitha kukula bwino ngati banja ndikupitiliza kugwira ntchito yawo yofunika chaka chonse, nyerere m'malo ozizira komanso ozizira ndizocheperako komanso zimabisala m'nyengo yozizira.
Mitundu yambiri imakonza malo awo okhala ngati nyerere, izi zitha kukhala nyumba zadothi, malo okhala makungwa a mitengo kapena zitsa zowola, mitundu yapadera imatha kugwira zisa za mbalame ndikukhalamo.
Zakudya zabwino
Nyerere zili m'gulu la tizilombo tomwe timatha kudya zilizonse zomwe zapeza. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakudya kwawo ndikusowa mafuta. Zosowa zimasintha malinga ndi msinkhu: kuti chitukuko chikhale chogwirizana, mphutsi zimafunikira mapuloteni, omwe amalandira kuchokera kuzinthu zopanda mafupa: mbozi, agulugufe, mphutsi.
Nyerere zimathanso kulimbana ndi nyama zazing'ono, ngati zili zofooka kapena zovulala, sizinyansitsa zakufa. Nyerere yomwe ili pachithunzichi ikukokera mbozi m'nyumbayo, yomwe ndi yayikulu kuposa yake.
Akuluakulu, makamaka ogwira ntchito, amafunikira chakudya kuti apange mphamvu. Ambiri mwa iwo amapezeka mumtambo wosungidwa ndi uchi ndi uchi, womwe umapangidwa ndi ntchito yofunikira ya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mwachitsanzo, nsabwe za m'masamba.
Nyerere zam'minda sizisankha chakudya chawo ndipo zimadya zipatso zokoma ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Woodworms amadya fumbi la ziphuphu zomwe amakhala. Mabakiteriya apadera amkati amtunduwu amathandizira kukumba.
Nyerere zodziwika zimadziwikanso, zomwe zimadyetsa anthu ofooka amtundu wawo kapena kuyamwa zina mwazakudya za mphutsi popanda kuwavulaza. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timakhala pafupi ndi munthu timadya chilichonse chomwe munthu wasiya: kuchokera ku shuga mpaka mafuta a masamba.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kutalika kwa nyerere kumatengera mitundu yawo komanso chikhalidwe chawo. Kwa mabanja ambiri, maudindo amapatsidwa kuyambira pakubadwa; kwa ena, amasintha pakapita nthawi. Kukula kwa anthu payokha ndikofunikanso: kokulirapo, amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Nthawi zambiri wamkazi amakhala ndi moyo ndipo amatha kubereka nthawi yayitali kwambiri kuposa nyerere zazimuna ndi zantchito.
Nyerere za Farao zimakhala ndi nthawi yayifupi kwambiri: amuna amakhala osapitirira masiku 20, ogwira ntchito - mpaka miyezi iwiri, akazi - mpaka miyezi 9. Mitundu yam'malo otentha imadziwika kuti ndi yazaka zana limodzi, chiberekero chawo chimatha kukhala zaka 30, ndipo anthu ogwira ntchito mpaka 6. Mbozi zimaberekana kangapo mchaka m'njira ziwiri:
- Mfumukaziyi, pamodzi ndi nyerere zingapo zantchito, amapanga nyumba yosiyana, yopatukana ndi banja lalikulu.
- Mkazi amapatsidwa umuna ndi amuna kuchokera ku chiswe china, chouluka pamapiko omwe amakula kwakanthawi.
Mulimonsemo, chiberekero chimayikira mazira, ena mwa iwo amakhalabe opanda feteleza. Amuna amatuluka mwa iwo, dzira likakhala ndi umuna, limapereka moyo kwa akazi ena ndi nyerere zogwira ntchito. Pachithunzichi pali mfumukazi ndi antchito angapo akusamalira mphutsi.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za nyerere
Ubwino ndi zovulaza za tizilombo zimadalira kukula kwa banja lawo komanso komwe amakhala: pamunda wawo kapena m'nkhalango. Nyerere za m'munda zimathandiza kuti nthaka ikhale yolemetsa ndi mpweya, pamene ikuphulitsa ngalande zake m'mwamba mwa nthaka.
Humus ndi zotsalira za zinyalala zomwe zimasamutsidwa ndi nyerere kupita kuzinyumba zimawonongeka pakapita nthawi, ndikudzaza nthaka ndi mchere ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale wachonde. Tizilombo timalinso ndi mungu wochokera ku zomera: pomwe amatulutsa timadzi tokoma, amatumiza mungu pamimba.
Tsoka ilo, nyerere zimathandizira kubala nsabwe za m'masamba, popeza zimadya zinthu zofunikira, chifukwa chake, pomwe pali tizilomboto, nsabwe za m'masamba zimakhalanso momasuka, zomwe zimawononga mbewu.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amatha kupha mbozi ndi mitundu ina ya agulugufe. Ngati nyerere zimayambira m'nyumba ya anthu, sizimangobweretsa mavuto, komanso zimadya chakudya, zimafalitsa matenda ndikuyambitsa matenda.
Nyerere za m'nkhalango zimateteza mitengo ku tiziromboti, kuwononga anthu ake ochuluka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, posonkhanitsa katulutsidwe ka tizilombo tina, amateteza zomera ku matenda a mafangasi. Koma nyongolotsi imatha kuwononga mtengo wathanzi m'milungu yochepa chabe, ndikupanga mauna mumtengo wake.
Mtundu uwu ndiwowopsa pamipando yam'munda yopangidwa ndi matabwa olimba, chifukwa palibe utoto ndi varnish, kapena zinthu zonunkhira zaukali zopangira zinthu zamatabwa sizingawopsyeze.
Nyerere zimatulutsa chinsinsi chapadera chotchedwa formic acid, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi zamankhwala, ndi gawo la mankhwala opha tizilombo, othandizira kulimbana ndi chitukuko cha matenda ashuga, nyamakazi, ndi zina zambiri.
Ikalowa m'thupi la munthu ndi mawonekedwe ake oyera, acid imatha kuyambitsa mantha akulu a anaphylactic, omwe, osapatsidwa mankhwala a antihistamines munthawi yake, amapha.
Momwe mungachotsere nyerere
Popeza kuchuluka kwa tizilombo komanso kuthekera kwawo kuberekana, kulimbana nawo, monga lamulo, kumangobweretsa zotsatira zakanthawi. Mankhwala opangidwa ndi diazinon ndi ma chlorpyrifos amawerengedwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri pakupha tizilombo.
Yoyamba imakhudza nyerere, imabweretsa imfa yawo ndipo imakhalabe yogwira kwa masabata 2-3. Wachiwiri amalemetsa ntchito ya kupuma ndipo amakhala wogwira ntchito mpaka miyezi iwiri. Njira zodziwika zochepetsera tizilombo m'nyumba yawo yachilimwe:
- "Mtheradi"
- "Wamphamvu wankhondo"
- "Wodya nyerere"
- "Bingu"
- "Medvetox", ndi zina.
Njira za anthu zothetsera nyerere:
- Fungo. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhala ndi fungo losasangalatsa, choncho njira yabwino yowathamangitsira ndikufalitsa zitsamba zonunkhira (tsabola, chowawa, tchire) kapena zinyalala za chakudya (hering'i, adyo, masamba a phwetekere) pafupi ndi chiswe. Palafini idzakhala njira yayikulu - amafunika kuthirira tizilombo, koma simuyenera kuyatsa.
- Malamba osodza. Ngati nyerere zimavulaza mitengo, mitengoyo imakulungidwa ndi zojambulazo kapena polyethylene yokhala ndi thovu mkati mwa mtunda wa masentimita 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera pansi.
- Chinyezi.Tizilombo sitimakonda madzi, choncho chomeracho chimayenera kuzunguliridwa ndi mabowo, omwe amayenera kulandira madzi ochulukirapo pafupipafupi. Ngati nyerere yamangidwa kale, imatha kuthiriridwa ndi madzi otentha m'njira zingapo, njira yaumunthu ndikutsanulira madzi ozizira pamitundu yayikulu.
- Yisiti. Onjezani uchi pang'ono, shuga ndi madzi phukusi la yisiti. Gawani gruel m'mabokosi amachesi ndikuwayika pafupi ndi nyumba za nyerere, asiyidwa posachedwa.
- Laimu ndi carboxylic acid. Sakanizani zinthuzo mofanana ndi kukonza mitengo ikuluikulu ya mitengo ndi tchire lalikulu.
Nyerere zazing'ono zomwe zili m'mundamu sizingavulaze mbewu, koma zimawateteza ku tizirombo. Ngati pali nyerere zingapo ndipo ndizazikulu kwambiri, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu. Ngakhale phindu la tizilomboti, kukhala nawo pafupi sikusangalatsa, komanso kumatha kukhala koopsa kwa anthu, makamaka ngati pali ana ang'ono mnyumba.
