NutriaMbalame yam'madzi ndi mbewa yam'madzi. Nyamayi ili ndi zizolowezi zosangalatsa ndipo ndiyo chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posodza. Alimi amatenga nawo mbali pakuswana nyamazi, chifukwa nyama ndi ubweya wake ndizofunika kwambiri pamsika. Kodi nutria ndi chiyani, ali ndi zizolowezi zotani ndipo amaberekana motani?
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nutria
Nutria ndi nyama yoyamwitsa, ndiyodalira makoswe ndipo imayimira banja la nutria. Amatchedwa mosiyana: otter, koipu, swamp beaver. Mayina onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Ngakhale pali akatswiri angapo omwe amati nutria sangatchulidwe kuti ma swamp beavers. Amanena kuti nyamazi sizikugwirizana kwenikweni ndi owomba mitsinje enieni, makoswe. Amangofanana nawo kutali - ndi zizolowezi zomwezo, moyo wawo. Chifukwa chake, kufananaku sikulondola.
Kanema: Nutria
Koipu ndi makoswe akuluakulu. Kutalika kwawo kumatha kufikira masentimita makumi asanu ndi limodzi, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri. Ma michere amphongo nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi. Kunja, nyama zimawoneka ngati khoswe wamkulu. Thupi lawo limakutidwa ndi minyewa yakuda, yowala, yayitali.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Ngakhale ndi ubweya wandiweyani, wandiweyani, nutria siyotulutsa fungo losasangalatsa. Iwo ndi oyera kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mamembala ena a banja la makoswe.
Ubweya wokongola, wandiweyani wa nutria ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakusodza. Pachifukwa ichi, nyamazi zinayamba kusungidwa mwakhama m'minda ya zoological yomwe ili padziko lonse lapansi. Lero pali mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi isanu ndi iwiri ya nyamayi. Mitundu khumi ndi yosinthika, isanu ndi iwiri iphatikizidwa.
Onsewa agawika m'magulu awiri:
- Zoyenera;
- Achikuda.
Mitundu yofananayo imaphatikizapo mtundu wachikuda wofiirira. Mtedza wa nutria udawonekera chifukwa cha kuswana. Mtundu wa malaya awo ndi osiyanasiyana. Pali Azerbaijani, Italy wa mtedza woyera, mayi wa ngale, wakuda. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakondedwa kwambiri pamsika wamakono.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Nutria
Kutali, nutria imafanana kwambiri ndi makoswe akulu. Ubweya wawo umawala, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kuli mchira wautali. Kupatula mchira, kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu, kulemera kwake ndi kilogalamu zisanu ndi chimodzi. Komabe, magawo awa sali malire. Mwachilengedwe, kangapo panali anthu omwe kulemera kwawo kumafika makilogalamu khumi ndi awiri, ndipo kutalika kunali masentimita opitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Chosangalatsa: Nutria ndi makoswe akulu ndipo amakonda kwambiri kudya. Nyama imatha kulemera msinkhu wake ikadzatha miyezi 9 itabadwa.
Koipu amadziwika ndi malamulo olimba kwambiri, ali ndi mafupa olemera, olimba. Chinyama chili ndi mutu waukulu. Ili ndi maso ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono. Amawoneka osakwanira. Mawonekedwe amphuno ndi osalongosoka, mano, makamaka ma incisors, amakhala achikuda owala lalanje.
Nutria amakhala ndi moyo wam'madzi am'madzi, motero thupi ndi ziwalo zake zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe angapo:
- Kutsegula kwamphuno kwa nyama kumakhala ndi minofu ya obturator. Akamira, amatseka mwamphamvu, osalola madzi kulowa;
- Milomo imagawanika, ndipo kumbuyo kwa zotsekemera amatha kutseka limodzi. Izi zimalepheretsa kudutsa kwa madzi;
- Pali zala zapadera zala zakumbuyo zakumbuyo kwake. Amathandizira pakuyenda pansi pamadzi;
- Mchira ndiwombedwa, wosaphimbidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda, koma wamphamvu. Zimathandizira nyamayo kuwongolera komwe mayendedwe akusambira;
- Ubweyawo umakhala wopanda madzi. Amakhala ndi magawo awiri: ubweya, mkanjo. Chovalacho ndi chachitali, cholimba, malaya amkati ndilolimba kwambiri. Ubweya umathamangitsa madzi, samanyowa ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali mumtsinje kapena munyanja.
Kodi nutria amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Live nutria
Poyamba, mbewa iyi inkakhala ku South America kokha. Ili ndi dziko lakwawo. Anakumana m'gawo kuyambira ku Brazil kupita ku Strait of Magellan. Lero nyamayi yafalikira m'maiko ena ambiri. Adziwa bwino ku Europe, North America, Transcaucasus, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan. M'madera awa, nutria idawonekera chifukwa cha pulogalamu yokhazikika.
Mapulogalamu obwezeretsa anthu ku Nutria adachitika koyambirira kwa zaka makumi awiri. Nthawi zambiri, nutria yasinthidwa bwino, idayamba kuberekana ndikukhala m'maiko atsopano. Komabe, panali zovuta zina pantchito yokonzanso anthu. Makoswe sanakhazikike ku Africa, kudera lina lakale la Soviet Union. M'madera ena, nutria idayamba mizu, koma idamwalira koyambirira kwa dzinja.
Mwachitsanzo, anthu adawonongedwa kwathunthu ndi chisanu ku Scandinavia, zigawo zina zakumpoto kwa United States.
Kwa moyo, nutria amasankha malo pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, nyanja, madambo. Madzi osungira ayenera kukhala osasunthika, kapena kuyenda pang'ono, m'mbali mwa nyanja ndi madambo akuyenera kukulira. M'nkhalango zowirira, mapiri, nyama sichikhazikika. Sizimachitika pamwamba pa mita chikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. Komanso, a Koipu amapewa madera ozizira ozizira, otentha kwambiri.
Kodi nutria amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mwamuna nutria
Kwa moyo wonse, koipu amakonda kusankha m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, nyanja zosaya, malo okhala ndi madzi osayenda. Amapanga maenje pamphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe pali zomera zambiri. Malinga ndi komwe amakhala, sizovuta kudziwa zomwe nutria amadya. Ambiri mwa zakudya zake ndi zakudya zamasamba. Nyama izi ndizodzichepetsa.
Amakonda kudya:
- Masamba, mapesi amphaka;
- Mphukira zazing'ono za bango;
- Mizu yazomera zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi ndi zam'mlengalenga;
- Maluwa amadzi ndi mabango;
- Mtedza wamadzi.
Ngati mbewa imayamba kumva njala komwe imakhalako, imatha kudya mollusks, leeches kapena tizilombo tina. Komabe, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Ndi kusowa kwa zakudya, nutria amangokonda kupeza malo atsopano amoyo.
Chosangalatsa: Makina onse a nutria, mawonekedwe ake amatengera bwino moyo wam'madzi. Kapangidwe kapadera ka ziwalozo kamalola kuti nyama idye chakudya ngakhale pansi pamadzi, osapumira.
Zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi nutria kunyumba ndizosiyana pang'ono. Kuti mukule bwino, ubweya wokongola, obereketsa amadyetsa nyama ndizakudya zapadera ndi kuwonjezera mbewu, udzu, masamba. Nthawi zina eni mafamu amawonjezera zotsalira patebulo lawo pazakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Chakudyacho chimasakanizidwa ndikutenthedwa. Zakudya zotere zimawerengedwa kuti ndizothandiza kwambiri. Mukamasunga nyama zambiri, chakudya chouma chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma nthawi yomweyo, lamulo limodzi lofunikira liyenera kusungidwa - nutria iyenera kukhala ndi madzi abwino nthawi zonse. Izi ndizofunikira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nutria wamkazi
Moyo wonse wa nutria umachitika pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, mitsinje, madambo. Chinyama chimapewa mapiri, nyengo yozizira. Pomanga maenje ake, amasankha malo okhala ndi zitsamba zambiri, chifukwa chakudya chazomera chimapanga magawo makumi asanu ndi anayi pa zana azakudya zatsiku ndi tsiku. Moyo wa nutria ukhoza kutchedwa semi-aquatic. Nyama imakhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi. Amatha kudya pamenepo, kusambira.
Koipu amakhala otanganidwa kwambiri ndi malo awo achilengedwe usiku. Usiku amapeza chakudya. Amadya zimayambira, rhizomes, masamba, mabango. Ngati pali zomera zochepa, amatha kugwira ndikudya leech, mollusk. Moyo wa nyama izi ndiwosakhazikika. Nutria kawirikawiri amakhala m'malo amodzi. Amayenda nthawi zonse ndikusowa chakudya chomera.
Zosangalatsa: Koipu ndi osambira abwino. Popanda mpweya, nyama zoyamwitsa izi zimatha kuyenda pang'ono kupitirira madzi zana. Amagwira mpweya wawo kwa mphindi zisanu ndi ziwiri kapena khumi osavulaza thupi lawo.
Nutria amapanga maenje m'mabanki otsetsereka komanso m'malo otsetsereka. Zoyenda nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndimayendedwe angapo ovuta. Nyama zingapo zimakhala m'mabowo nthawi imodzi - kuyambira awiri mpaka khumi. Magulu oterewa amakhala achikazi angapo, wamwamuna ndi ana awo. Amuna achimuna amakonda kukhala padera, paokha.
Monga nyama ina iliyonse yokhala ndi ubweya, nutria imakhala ndi molt. Komabe, ku Koipu sikuchepera nthawi. Molting imachitika pamlingo winawake chaka chonse. Ubweya wocheperako umagwa nthawi yachilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira. Kugwa kumayima kwathunthu m'nyengo yozizira. M'nyengo yozizira, nyamazi zimakhala ndi ubweya wabwino kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nutria Cub
Koipu imaswana bwino mwachilengedwe komanso ukapolo. Ndikubereka kwakukulu komwe kumapangitsa kuti ziweto zizikhala zokwanira. M'chaka chimodzi, mkazi wamkulu amatha kubereka ana kangapo. Mimba imodzi, mkazi amakhala ndi ana asanu ndi awiri.
Amuna am'banja lino amakhala okonzeka kuswana chaka chonse. Amakhala otanganidwa nthawi zonse, mosiyana ndi azimayi awo. Mwa akazi, zochitika zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi - masiku makumi awiri ndi asanu mpaka masiku makumi atatu aliwonse. Nthawi zambiri, nutria imabweretsa ana m'nyengo yotentha - mchaka, chilimwe. Mimba ya nyama imakhala kwakanthawi kochepa - pafupifupi masiku zana limodzi ndi makumi atatu. Kukula kwazimayi kumachepa pofika zaka zitatu.
Zosangalatsa: Makanda a koipu amakhala ndi ziwopsezo zambiri. Nutria yaying'ono imatha kusintha nthawi yomweyo kutengera zomwe zikuwazungulira. Nyamazi zimatsatira zomwe makolo awo amachita masiku angapo pambuyo pobadwa. Amayambanso kusambira, kuyesa zakudya zina zamasamba.
Ana a Koipu amakula mwachangu kwambiri. Kukula kumawonjezeka m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yoyambirira yamoyo. Pakadali pano, amasiya chisa cha banja, ndikuyamba kukhala moyo wodziyimira pawokha. M'chilengedwe chake, nyamayi imakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu.
Adani achilengedwe a nutria
Chithunzi: Nutria nyama
Koipu sizovuta kwenikweni. Nyama zimatha kubisala adani awo pansi pamadzi, mumayendedwe ovuta. Amamanga malo okhala ndi maulendo angapo, maofesi. Mubowo choterocho ndikosavuta kubisala pangozi. Nutria imatha kukhala m'madzi pafupifupi mphindi khumi, ndikuphimba mtunda mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yamphamvu yam'mbuyo yokhala ndi nembanemba pakati pazala zakuphazi. Izi ndizokwanira kubisalira mdani.
Ngati posambira kapena pafupi ndi bowo nutria ili ndi mwayi wopewa kuwukira kwa mdani, ndiye pamtunda, kutali ndi malo ogona, nyamayi ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Maso ake, chithumwa chimamulephera. Mothandizidwa ndi kumva, nyama yoyamwitsa imatha kumva phokoso laling'onoting'ono, koma izi sizipulumutsanso. Nutria kuthamanga kwambiri, kuchita izo mu kudumpha. Komabe, kupirira kwa nyama ndikotsika kwambiri. Patapita nthawi, chilombo akhoza kumugwira.
Adani achilengedwe chachikulu a chilombo ichi ndi zolusa. Nthawi zambiri amasakidwa, kumenyedwa ndi mimbulu, amphaka, agalu, nkhandwe. Mbalame zodya nyama, monga zotchingira madambo, zimadyanso nutria. Kuvulaza kwakukulu kwa thanzi la nyama yoyamwitsa kumayambitsidwa ndi ziphuphu, tiziromboti tomwe timakhala mkati mwake. Munthu amathanso kuonedwa ngati mdani wachilengedwe. Koipu amafa ambiri kuchokera kwa opha nyama mosayenera, mmanja mwa anthu wamba. M'mayiko ena, nyamazi zimaonedwa ngati tizirombo, chifukwa chake zimawonongedwa dala.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nutria
Nutria yakhala nsomba yofunika kwanthawi yayitali. Ubweya wake umagwira bwino ntchito, ndipo nyama yake imakoma. Lero nyama ya nyama iyi imawonedwa ngati yodyera. Pankhaniyi, zambiri za nutria zidamwalira ndi anthu opha nyama mosayenera. Izi zitha kuchititsa kuti oimira banjali asoweka, koma m'kupita kwanthawi adayamba kubzala nutria m'mafamu azinyama, ndikuwapatsa m'maiko ena.
Kupha nyama mwachinyengo kwatsika kwambiri kuyambira pomwe kudabwera minda yazinyama zomwe nutria adaleredwa posodza. Komabe, kusaka nyama izi kukufunikabe mpaka pano. Zinyama zina zidapulumuka kuchokera kumafamu azinyama, zina zidatulutsidwa ndi alimi eni ake chifukwa chakuchepa kwa ubweya. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kubwezeretsa mwachangu kuchuluka kwa nyama izi.
Komanso mapulogalamu obwezeretsanso anthu adapulumutsa nutria kuti zisawonongeke. Koipu anasintha msanga madera atsopano. Mosakayikira, kubala kwachilengedwe kumawathandiza kukhalabe ndi anthu ambiri. Nyama izi zimaswana pafupipafupi, mwachangu. Ana awo amatha kusintha mosavuta pafupifupi kulikonse. Kupatula kokha ndi chisanu chachikulu. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi nkhokwe zokhazikika m'dera lawo. Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa nyamazi sikuchititsa nkhawa pakati pa asayansi.
Nutria Ndi mbewa yosangalatsa, yolira. Nyama iyi imatha kubala ana kangapo pachaka. Imadya zakudya zamasamba, imasambira komanso imira bwino. Koipu ndiwonso chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwambiri chosodza. Zinyama zili ndi ubweya wakuda, wofunda, wathanzi komanso wazakudya. Pazifukwa izi, zimayang'aniridwa m'minda yamawotchi pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 15:58
