Posachedwa, nthawi zambiri mumamva za mvula yamchere. Zimachitika pamene chilengedwe, mpweya ndi madzi zimagwirizana ndi kuipitsa kosiyanasiyana. Mpweya woterewu umabweretsa zotsatirapo zingapo zoyipa:
- matenda mwa anthu;
- kufa kwa mbewu zaulimi;
- kuipitsa matupi amadzi;
- kuchepetsa madera a nkhalango.
Mvula yamchere imachitika chifukwa cha kutulutsa kwa mafakitole amadzimadzi, kuyaka kwa mafuta ndi mafuta ena. Zinthu izi zimawononga mpweya. Kenako ammonia, sulufule, nayitrogeni, ndi zinthu zina zimayenderana ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa mvula kukhala acidic.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'mbiri ya anthu, mvula yamchere inalembedwa mu 1872, ndipo pofika zaka za zana la 20, chodabwitsa ichi chidakhala chofala kwambiri. Mvula yamadzi imavulaza kwambiri mayiko aku US ndi Europe. Kuphatikiza apo, akatswiri azachilengedwe apanga mapu apadera, omwe akuwonetsa madera omwe amapezeka mvula yowopsa ya asidi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa mvula yamchere
Zomwe zimayambitsa mvula yakupha ndizopangidwa ndi anthu komanso zachilengedwe. Chifukwa cha kutukuka kwa mafakitale ndi ukadaulo, mafakitale, mafakitale ndi mabizinesi osiyanasiyana adayamba kutulutsa ma nitrojeni ambiri ndi oxide a sulfure mlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, pomwe sulfure imalowa mumlengalenga, imagwirizana ndi nthunzi yamadzi ndikupanga acid ya sulfuric. Zomwezo zimachitika ndi nayitrogeni dioxide, nitric acid imapangidwa, ndipo imakhazikika pamodzi ndi mpweya wamlengalenga.
Gwero lina la kuwonongeka kwa mlengalenga ndi mpweya wotulutsa utsi wamagalimoto. Zinthu zovulaza zikafika mlengalenga, zimaphatikizidwa ndi oxidized ndikugwera pansi ngati mvula ya asidi. Kutulutsidwa kwa nayitrogeni ndi sulufule mumlengalenga kumachitika chifukwa cha kuyaka kwa peat ndi malasha pazipangira magetsi. Kuchuluka kwa sulfure oxide kumatulutsidwa mumlengalenga pokonza chitsulo. Mankhwala a nitrogeni amatulutsidwa pakupanga zida zomangira.
Sulufule ina m'mlengalenga ndiyachilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, kuphulika kwa volokano, sulfure dioxide itatulutsidwa. Zinthu zokhala ndi nayitrogeni zimatha kutulutsidwa m'mlengalenga chifukwa cha zochita za tizilombo tina tanthaka ndi mphezi.
Zotsatira za mvula yamchere
Pali zotsatira zambiri za mvula yamchere. Anthu omwe agwidwa ndi mvula yamtunduwu amatha kuwononga thanzi lawo. Chodabwitsa ichi mumlengalenga chimayambitsa chifuwa, mphumu, ndi matenda a oncological. Komanso mvula imawononga mitsinje ndi nyanja, madzi amakhala osagwiritsika ntchito. Onse okhala m'madzi ali pachiwopsezo, nsomba zazikulu zitha kufa.
Mvula yamadzi imagwa pansi ndikuipitsa nthaka. Izi zimathetsa chonde padziko lapansi, kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumachepa. Popeza mvula yam'mlengalenga imachitika m'malo akulu, imasokoneza mitengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziume. Chifukwa cha mphamvu yazinthu zamankhwala, njira zamagetsi zimasintha mumitengo, ndipo kukula kwa mizu kumalephereka. Zomera zimazindikira kusintha kwa kutentha. Pambuyo mvula yamchere iliyonse, mitengo imatha kuthyola masamba mwadzidzidzi.
Chimodzi mwazomwe sizowopsa chifukwa cha mpweya wakupha ndikuwonongeka kwa zipilala zamiyala ndi zomangamanga. Zonsezi zitha kupangitsa kugwa kwa nyumba zaboma ndi nyumba za anthu ambiri.
Vuto la mvula yamchere liyenera kuganiziridwa mozama. Chodabwitsachi chimadalira ntchito za anthu, chifukwa chake ziyenera kuchepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umawononga mpweya. Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kukachepetsedwa, dziko lapansi limakhala locheperako pamavuto owopsa monga mvula yamchere.
Njira yothetsera vuto la mvula yamchere
Vuto la mvula ya asidi ndilachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi. Pankhaniyi, ikhoza kuthetsedwa pokhapokha kuyesetsa kwa anthu ambiri kuphatikizidwa. Njira imodzi yothanirana ndi vutoli ndikuchepetsa mpweya woipa m'madzi ndi mlengalenga. Mabizinesi onse ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosefera ndi malo oyeretsera. Njira yayitali kwambiri, yokwera mtengo, komanso yankho lodalirika kwambiri lavutoli ndikupanga mabizinesi osunga zachilengedwe mtsogolo. Matekinoloje amakono onse ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poganizira kuwunika kwazomwe zachitika pazachilengedwe.
Njira zamakono zonyamula zimabweretsa mavuto ambiri mlengalenga. Sizingatheke kuti anthu adzasiya magalimoto awo posachedwa. Komabe, magalimoto atsopano osavomerezeka ndi chilengedwe akuyambitsidwa lero. Izi ndi hybridi ndi magalimoto amagetsi. Magalimoto ngati Tesla apambana kale kudziwika m'maiko osiyanasiyana padziko lonse lapansi. Amayendetsa pa mabatire apadera omwe angathe kutsitsidwanso. Ma scooter amagetsi nawonso pang'onopang'ono akutchuka. Kuphatikiza apo, musaiwale zamagalimoto amtundu wachikhalidwe: ma tramu, ma trolley, ma metro, sitima zamagetsi.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti anthu iwonso ndiwo amachititsa kuti mpweya uwonongeke. Palibe chifukwa choganizira kuti wina ndiye amachititsa vutoli, ndipo izi sizidalira inu nokha. Izi sizowona kwathunthu. Inde, munthu m'modzi sangathe kupanga zochuluka kwambiri za mpweya woopsa ndi mankhwala m'mlengalenga. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi magalimoto apaulendo kumabweretsa chakuti mumatulutsa mpweya wambiri mumlengalenga, ndipo izi zimayambitsa mvula yamchere.
Tsoka ilo, si anthu onse omwe amadziwa zavuto lachilengedwe monga mvula yamchere. Lero pali makanema ambiri, zolemba m'magazini ndi mabuku onena za vutoli, kuti aliyense athe kuthana ndi vutoli, kuzindikira vuto ndikuyamba kuchitapo kanthu kuti athetse.
