Zinyama zokongola kwambiri "za tsitsi loyera" kapena miyala yamwala Ndi okhawo omwe sachita mantha kukhala pafupi ndi anthu. Ngakhale achibale apafupi kwambiri a nyama zodabwitsazi ndi ma sables ndi pine martens, gologolo wamabele oyera amafanana ndi gologolo m'machitidwe ake, amatha kupezeka mosavuta m'mapaki, mnyumba zam'mwamba, pafupi ndi ziweto zokhala ndi nkhuku.
Makhalidwe ndi malo okhala miyala yamwala
Stone marten amakhala pafupifupi kulikonse, gawo lake ndi lonse la Eurasia, ndipo ku United States nyamayo imaweta mwadala, cholinga chokhazikitsa "kusaka ubweya".
Nyama imamva bwino nyengo iliyonse yozizira, kuyambira kuzizira mpaka pafupifupi kotentha - ma martens amakhala ku Ciscaucasia, ku Crimea, ku Belarus, ku Ukraine ndi zina zotero. Koma anthu ambiri ndi omwe chipale chofewa chimakhala nthawi yayitali, chomwe nyama izi zimakonda.
Nthawi zambiri, mwala marten pachithunzichi - ndipo magalasi ama telephoto samachitapo kanthu, sizovuta kuigwira. Kuvomereza modekha munthu payekha, chinyama ichi chimatha kugwira ndikudya chakudya choponyedwa ndi anthu, mwachitsanzo, mipira ya nyama kapena mkate wokulungika. M'mapaki aku Germany, odyetsa amapachikidwa a martens, chimodzimodzi ndi agologolo.
Anthu ambiri amatcha nyamayi - "miyala ya pine marten", Koma izi sizolondola kwathunthu. Pine marten ndi mtundu wina, koma miyala yamatenda imakonda kukhazikika osati m'nkhalango zowirira, koma m'malo okhala ndi mitengo, zitsamba ndi minda, kupewa malo okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo athanthwe, pomwe adadzitcha dzina.
Nyamayo ndi yofuna kudziwa zambiri, yokhudzana ndi chilichonse chatsopano, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimasokoneza oimira mtundu uwu. Pamenepo, momwe mungagwirire marten wamwala ndi nyambo kapena msampha, palibe zovuta.
Simukusowa ngakhale nyama. Kagawo ka sinamoni bun wokhala ndi kununkhira kwa camphor, marten amapita kulikonse. Katundu wa nyama wagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osaka ubweya kwazaka zambiri.
Akatswiri a zooology awerenga ndikuzindikira lero magulu anayi a miyala yamtengo wapatali, kuwabatiza malinga ndi malo awo:
- European - amakhala ku Western Europe komanso kudera la Russia kupita ku Urals;
- Crimea - amakhala ku Crimea, amasiyana ndi enawo osati mtundu wokha, komanso kapangidwe ka mano ndi kukula kwa mutu;
- Caucasus - yayikulu kwambiri komanso yabwino kwambiri kuswana mwanzeru "kwa ubweya";
- Central Asia - wofewa kwambiri, "wojambula kwambiri" kunja, nthawi zambiri amasungidwa ngati chiweto.
Mwambiri, ma martens ndi nyama zazing'ono, kutalika kwa matupi awo kumakhala masentimita 38 mpaka 56, kupatula mchira, kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 20 mpaka 35. Kulemera kwa nyama ndi 1 - 2.5 kg.
Chachikulu kwambiri - Mwala wamtengo wapatali waku Caucasus, wokhala ndi utali wopitilira 50 cm komanso wolemera 2 kg, koma ngakhale nyama zotere kuti zisoke kansalu kakang'ono kwambiri ka nkhosa zimafunikira zambiri.
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wamwala wa marten
Mwala marten - nyama yochokera usiku yomwe imabisala madzulo. Samakumba maenje awo, posankha kukhala "m'nyumba" zakale zazinyama zina, nyumba za anthu kapena malo achitetezo achilengedwe.
Martens amasamalira "nyumba" yawo, ndikuphimba ndi nthenga, udzu, ngati anthu amakhala pafupi, ndiye chilichonse chomwe angapindule nacho, mwachitsanzo, zidutswa za nsalu. Malo achilengedwe a ma martens ndi awa:
- ming'alu ya m'matanthwe;
- mapanga ang'onoang'ono;
- milu ya miyala kapena miyala yokha;
- amasambira pansi pa mizu yamitengo atatulukira m'matanthwe;
- maenje akale a nyama zina.
Ngati anthu amakhala pafupi ndi gawo lomwe marten amawona kuti ndi lake, ndiye kuti nyama izi, mosazengereza, zimakhazikika:
- m'makola;
- m'misasa;
- m'zipinda za nyumba;
- m'khola;
- m'zipinda zapansi;
- pansi pakhonde.
Pofotokoza miyala martenTiyenera kudziwa kuti chinyama chimakwera mitengo mwangwiro, koma sichifuna kuchita izi, chifukwa chake chimagwiritsa ntchito maenje mobwerezabwereza ngati nyumba, pokhapokha ngati palibe choyenera pafupi.
Chikhalidwe cha marten sichongokhala chidwi chokha, komanso chinyengo china. Nyamayo imakonda kuseketsa agalu, "achigololo" munjira iliyonse momwe munthu angakhalire, mwachitsanzo, kuwononga katundu wazinthu kapena kukwera makatani. Chifukwa chake, miyala marten kunyumbaNgati waleredwa ngati chiweto, nthawi yayitali amakhala m khola kapena m khola.
Zakudya zabwino
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mwala wanyama marten - chilombo, choncho, amadya nyama. Izi ndizowona pang'ono. Marten ndi nyama yopatsa chidwi yomwe imadya zomwe imasaka usiku.
Monga lamulo, makoswe, achule, mbalame, akalulu ang'onoang'ono amakhala nyama ya nyama. Kuphatikiza apo, marten amakonda zipatso, zipatso, zitsamba ndi mazira. Ngakhale marten wodyetsedwa bwino sangadutse chisa cha mbalamecho chili ndi mazira, ndipo ngati pali mtengo wokhala ndi ma apurikoti pafupi nawo, nyama iwala kuti imakonda kukwera.
M'mbuyomu, nyamazi zidagwidwa makamaka kumpoto kwa Germany ndi Norway. Komanso, miyala ya marten nsomba idachitidwa osati cholinga chopeza ubweya, koma ndi cholinga chokhazikitsa nyama m'khola.
Mwala wamtengo wapatali wamatope pa makoswe ang'onoang'ono
Marten nthawi yomweyo amatenga nawo mbali pazipwirikiti, mayendedwe achipwirikiti, ndi zina zotero. Izi zimamupangitsa kukhala wosamalira mbewa, yemwe. Kuphatikiza apo, imasaka malingana ngati nyamayo "yavala" mozungulira, mosasamala kanthu kuti ikufunika pachakudya kapena ayi. Khalidwe lomwelo limayika nyumba za nkhuku pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Kuponya nkhuku ndi mbalame zina nthawi yomweyo kumapangitsa nyamayo kuyamba kusaka.
Koma ma martens amadya pang'ono pang'ono, amangofunika magalamu 300-400 a nyama. Kumtchire, chinyama chimatha kudya goferi m'modzi kapena awiri, kapena khola ndipo ndi zomwezo.
Martens omwe amakhala m'mapaki ndi nyumba "amadyedwa", koma osati zambiri. Zima mwala marten Amakonda kutulutsa mbewu kuchokera kuma cones, palibe kusiyana kulikonse kwakuti spruce, pine kapena cones cones ndi ake. Chifukwa cha mbewa, nyama sizimangokwera pamitengo, komanso zimatuluka m'malo awo asanafike madzulo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo chamoyo wamiyala
Mwala wa marten ndi wosungulumwa wokhala ndi gawo lake, ndikupangitsa "kupatuka" ndikuwonetsa malire. Nyama sizimakonda oimira mitundu yawo, kupatula "nthawi yokwanira".
Izi mu weasels ndizachidwi. Awiriwa "amadziwana" kumapeto kwa kasupe, koma, chodabwitsa, wamwamuna sawonetsa zochitika. Mkazi amatha kukwaniritsa mating mwachindunji kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.
Pachithunzicho, mwana wamwala marten
Poterepa, zochitika zodabwitsa zimachitika - "kusamalira" umuna. Ndiye kuti, atakwatirana, mkazi amatha kudutsa wopanda "msakhwima" mpaka miyezi isanu ndi itatu, ngakhale kuti mimba yomweyi ku martens imatenga mwezi umodzi wokha.
Monga lamulo, ana 2-4 amabadwa nthawi imodzi, amabadwa amaliseche ndi akhungu, amatsegula maso awo mwezi umodzi wokha atabadwa. Nthawi yodyetsa mkaka imakhala kuyambira miyezi 2 mpaka 2.5. Ndipo ana amakhala odziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi 4-5 atabadwa.
Choopsa chachikulu pakupulumuka kwa ma martens ang'onoang'ono ndi nthawi yomwe amatuluka koyamba kukawona komwe kuli. Ambiri amagwa ndi adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe - nkhandwe, nkhandwe za polar ndi kadzidzi.
Martens amakhala mwachilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 10, koma mu ukapolo nthawi iyi imakulirakulira. M'malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi, ndizosowa kukumana ndi imfa ya weasel wosakwanitsa zaka 18.
Ngakhale, mwala marten kuyamikiridwa chifukwa chake zikopa, nyamazi sizinakhalepo zofunika kwambiri pakugulitsa ubweya kapena, lero, m'mafakitale aubweya.
Izi zidalola kuti kunim asadzaphedwe konse. Ndipo chidwi cha nyamazo ndi mawonekedwe ake zimawalola kuti azikhala modabwitsa m'mapaki am'mizinda, malamba a nkhalango ndi malo ena opangidwa ndi anthu.
