Pakadali pano pali matekinoloje pafupifupi awiri okhala ndi ma patenti omwe amakulolani kuchotsa zinyalala zosiyanasiyana. Koma sikuti onse ndi ochezeka. A Denis Gripas, wamkulu wa kampani yomwe imapereka zokutira zampira waku Germany, alankhula za ukadaulo watsopano wogwiritsa ntchito zinyalala.
Umunthu ukugwira nawo mwakhama ntchito kutaya zinyalala za mafakitale ndi zapakhomo koyambirira kwa zaka za 21st. Izi zisanachitike, zinyalala zonse zidaponyedwa m'malo otayidwa mwapadera. Kuchokera pamenepo, zinthu zovulaza zimalowa m'nthaka, zimalowa m'madzi apansi panthaka, ndipo pamapeto pake zimapezeka m'madamu oyandikira kwambiri.
Za zomwe kupsereza kumabweretsa
Mu 2017, Council of Europe idalimbikitsa mayiko omwe ali m'bungwe la EU kusiya malo owotchera zinyalala. Mayiko ena ku Europe akhazikitsa misonkho yatsopano kapena yowonjezera pamoto wowotcha zinyalala zamatauni. Ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kunakhazikitsidwa pomanga mafakitale omwe amawononga zinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakale.
Zomwe zakhala zikuchitika padziko lapansi pakuwononga zinyalala mothandizidwa ndi ng'anjo zakhala zosavomerezeka. Makampani omwe amamangidwa pamatekinoloje achikale chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20 amaipitsa mpweya, madzi ndi nthaka zopangidwa ndi poizoni.
Zinthu zambiri zowopsa pazaumoyo komanso chilengedwe zimatulutsidwa mumlengalenga - furans, dioxins ndi resins owopsa. Zinthu izi zimayambitsa zovuta zazikulu mthupi, zomwe zimabweretsa matenda aakulu.
Mabizinesi samawonongeratu zinyalala, 100%. Pochita kutentha, pafupifupi 40% ya slag ndi phulusa, zomwe zawonjezera kawopsedwe, zimatsalira pazinyalala zonse. Zonyansa izi zikufunikiranso kutaya. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizowopsa kuposa zopangira "zoyambirira" zomwe zimaperekedwa pokonza mbewu.
Musaiwale za mtengo wamagazini. Njira yoyaka imafunikira mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu. Pobwezeretsanso zinyalala, mpweya wochuluka wa carbon dioxide umatulutsidwa, chomwe ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha kwa dziko. Mgwirizanowu ku Paris ulipira misonkho yayikulu pa mpweya womwe umawononga chilengedwe kuchokera kumayiko a EU.
Chifukwa chomwe njira ya plasma imagwirizira zachilengedwe
Kufunafuna njira zabwino zotayira zinyalala kukupitilizabe. Mu 2011, wophunzira waku Russia a Phillip Rutberg adapanga ukadaulo wowotcha zinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito plasma. Kwa iye, wasayansi adalandira Mphotho ya Global Energy Prize, yomwe ikudziwitsa zamphamvu zamagetsi ndi mphotho ya Nobel.
Chofunika cha njirayi ndikuti zopangira zomwe zawonongedwa siziwotchedwa, koma zimayikidwa mafuta, kupatula kuyatsa konse. Kutaya kumachitika mu riyakitala yopangidwa mwapadera - plasmatron, komwe plasma imatha kutenthedwa kuchokera 2 mpaka 6 madigiri zikwi.
Mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, zinthu zakuthupi zimapukusidwa ndikugawika m'molekyulu. Zinthu zachilengedwe zimapanga slag. Popeza kuyaka kulibe kwathunthu, palibe zomwe zingayambitse zinthu zoyipa: poizoni ndi kaboni dayokisaidi.
Madzi a m'magazi amasandutsa zinyalala kukhala zinthu zopangira zofunikira. Kuchokera ku zinyalala zachilengedwe, kaphatikizidwe ka gasi kamapezeka, komwe kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala mowa wa ethyl, mafuta a dizilo ngakhale mafuta amagetsi a rocket. Slag, wopangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zachilengedwe, ndiye maziko opangira matenthedwe otsekemera ndi konkriti wamagetsi.
Kukula kwa Rutberg kwagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino m'maiko ambiri: ku USA, Japan, India, China, Great Britain, Canada.
Mkhalidwe ku Russia
Njira ya gasification ya plasma sinagwiritsidwebe ntchito ku Russia. Mu 2010, akuluakulu aku Moscow adakonza zopanga mafakitale 8 pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu. Ntchitoyi sinayambikebe ndipo ili mgulu la chitukuko, popeza oyang'anira mzindawo adakana kupanga malo owotchera zinyalala za dioxin.
Kuchulukitsa kwa malo akuwonjezeka chaka chilichonse, ndipo ngati izi siziyimitsidwa, Russia ili pachiwopsezo chokhala m'gulu la mayiko omwe atsala pang'ono kuwonongeka ndi chilengedwe.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi vuto la kutaya zinyalala pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje otetezeka omwe sawononga chilengedwe kapena kupeza njira ina yomwe imalola, mwachitsanzo, kukonzanso zinyalala ndikupeza chinthu chachiwiri.
Katswiri-Denis Gripas ndiye mtsogoleri wa kampani ya Alegria. Webusaiti ya Company https://alegria-bro.ru
