Maine Coon (English Maine Coon) ndi mtundu waukulu kwambiri wa amphaka oweta. Wamphamvu komanso wamphamvu, wosaka wobadwa, mphaka uyu ndi mbadwa yaku North America, Maine, komwe amadziwika kuti ndi mphaka wovomerezeka m'bomalo.
Dzina lenileni la mtunduwo limamasuliridwa kuti "raccoon kuchokera ku Maine" kapena "Manx raccoon". Izi ndichifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa amphaka awa, amafanana ndi ma raccoons, ndimphamvu zawo komanso utoto. Ndipo dzinalo lidachokera ku boma "Maine" ndi chidule cha Chingerezi "racoon" - raccoon.
Ngakhale kulibe chidziwitso chenicheni chokhudza omwe adawonekera ku America, pali mitundu ndi malingaliro angapo. Mitunduyi inali yotchuka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, kenako idatsika ndikulowanso mufashoni.
Tsopano ndi amodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri yamphaka ku United States.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Chiyambi cha mtunduwu sichikudziwika, koma anthu apanga nthano zambiri zokongola za zomwe amakonda. Palinso nthano yonena kuti Maine Coons adachokera ku nkhono zakutchire ndi ma bobtails aku America, omwe adabwera kumtunda pamodzi ndi oyang'anira oyamba.
Mwinanso, chifukwa cha matembenuzidwe amenewa chinali kufanana ndi mphaka, chifukwa cha ubweya waubweya womwe umakula kuchokera m'makutu komanso pakati pa zala zazing'ono ndi ngayaye kumapeto kwa makutu.
Ndipo pali china chake, chifukwa amatcha mphaka wakunyumba, mphaka wamkuluyu.
Njira ina ndiyo chiyambi cha ma bobtails omwewo ndi ma raccoon. Mwinanso zoyambilira zinali zofanana kwambiri ndi ma raccoon, potengera kukula kwake, mchira wolimba komanso utoto.
Zopeka pang'ono, ndipo mawu amphaka awa akufanana ndi kulira kwa mphalapala wachichepere. Komatu, izi ndi mitundu yosiyana siyana, ndipo pakati pawo sizingatheke.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimakondana kwambiri chimatibwezeretsa kuulamuliro wa Marie Antoinette, Mfumukazi yaku France. Captain Samuel Clough amayenera kutenga mfumukaziyi ndi chuma chake kuchokera ku France, komwe anali pachiwopsezo, kupita nawo ku Maine.
Zina mwazosungirazo munali amphaka asanu ndi amodzi a Angora. Tsoka ilo, Marie Antoinette adagwidwa ndipo pamapeto pake adaphedwa.
Koma, woyendetsa sitimayo adachoka ku France ndipo adakafika ku America, ndipo anali ndi amphaka, omwe adakhala makolo amtunduwu.
Chabwino, ndipo pamapeto pake, nthano ina yonena za woyang'anira wotchedwa Coon, yemwe amasilira amphaka. Ankayenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya America, komwe amphaka ake amapita kumtunda, kumadoko osiyanasiyana.
Amphaka achilendo okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali omwe amawonekera apa ndi apo (panthawiyo maolivi amfupi anali ofala), anthu amderalo amatchedwa "mphaka wina wa Kuhn".
Mtundu womveka bwino ndi womwe umatcha makolo amitundu yamphaka zazifupi.
Okhazikika oyamba atafika m'mbali mwa America, adabweretsa timadulasitu kuti titeteze nkhokwe ndi zombo zochokera ku mbewa. Pambuyo pake, kulumikizana kudayamba kukhala kokhazikika, amalinyero adabweretsa amphaka okhala ndi tsitsi lalitali.
Amphaka atsopano adayamba kukhathamira ndi amphaka azifupi ku New England. Popeza nyengo kumeneko ndiyolimba kwambiri kuposa dera lapakati mdziko muno, amphaka okhawo olimba kwambiri komanso akulu kwambiri omwe adapulumuka.
Maine Coons akuluakuluwa anali anzeru kwambiri komanso otha kuwononga makoswe, chifukwa chake adakhazikika mizu m'nyumba za alimi.
Ndipo kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mtunduwo kunali mu 1861, pomwe mphaka wakuda ndi woyera wotchedwa Captain Jenks, wa Horse Marines, adawonetsedwa pachionetsero mu 1861.
Kwazaka zotsatira, alimi aku Maine adawonetsa amphaka awo, otchedwa "Maine State Champion Coon Cat", kuti agwirizane ndi chiwonetsero chapachaka.
Mu 1895, amphaka ambiri adachita nawo ziwonetsero ku Boston. Mu Meyi 1895, American Cat Show idachitikira ku Madison Square Garden, New York. Mphaka, wotchedwa Cosey, amayimira mtunduwo.
Mwini mphakawo, a Fred Brown, adalandira kolala yasiliva ndi mendulo, ndipo mphaka adatchedwa kuti tsegulira chiwonetserocho.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri mphambu makumi awiri, kutchuka kwa mtunduwo kunayamba kuchepa, chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa mitundu yayitali ngati mphaka wa Angora.
Kuzindikira kunali kwamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti Maine Coons amawonedwa ngati atatha mpaka koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 50, ngakhale izi zinali zokokomeza.
Kumayambiriro kwa makumi asanu, Central Maine Cat Club idapangidwa kuti ichulukitse mtunduwo.
Kwa zaka 11, Central Maine Cat Club idachita ziwonetsero ndikuitanitsa ojambula kuti apange mtundu wa mtundu.
Udindo wampikisano ku CFA, mtunduwu udalandiridwa mu Meyi 1, 1976, ndipo zidatenga zaka zingapo kuti ukhale wodziwika padziko lonse lapansi.
Pakadali pano, Maine Coons ndi gulu lachitatu lodziwika bwino kwambiri la mphaka ku United States, kutengera kuchuluka kwa nyama zolembetsedwa ku CFA.
Ubwino wa mtunduwo:
- Makulidwe akulu
- Maganizo achilendo
- Kukhala wathanzi
- Chophatikiza kwa anthu
Zoyipa:
- Dysplasia ndi hypertrophic cardiomyopathy zimachitika
- Makulidwe
Kufotokozera za mtunduwo
Maine Coon ndiye mtundu waukulu kwambiri pakati pa amphaka onse oweta. Amphaka amalemera makilogalamu 6.5 mpaka 11 ndipo amphaka 4.5 mpaka 6.8 kg.
Kutalika pakufota kumayambira masentimita 25 mpaka 41, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mpaka 120 cm, kuphatikiza mchira. Mchira womwewo umakhala wa 36 cm masentimita, wonyezimira, ndipo, mofananamo, umafanana ndi mchira wa raccoon.
Thupi ndi lamphamvu komanso laminyewa, chifuwa ndichachikulu. Amacha pang'onopang'ono, amafika pachimake pazaka pafupifupi 3-5, pomwe, monga amphaka wamba, ali mchaka chachiwiri chamoyo.
Mu 2010, Guinness Book of World Records idalembetsa mphaka wotchedwa Stewie ngati mphaka wamkulu kwambiri ku Maine Coon padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira kunsonga ya mphuno mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira kunafika masentimita 123. Tsoka ilo, Steve adamwalira ndi khansa kunyumba kwake ku Reno, Nevada mu 2013, ali ndi zaka 8.
Chovala cha Maine Coon ndi chachitali, chofewa komanso chopepuka, ngakhale kapangidwe kake kamasiyana, popeza utoto umasiyanasiyana pakiti ndi paka. Ndi lalifupi pamutu ndi pamapewa, komanso lalitali pamimba ndi m'mbali. Ngakhale amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, kudzikongoletsa kumakhala kochepa, chifukwa chovala chamkati chimakhala chopepuka. Amphaka amakhetsa ndi malaya awo amakhala okulirapo m'nyengo yozizira komanso opepuka nthawi yotentha.
Mtundu uliwonse umaloledwa, koma ngati kusinthana ukuwonekera, mwachitsanzo, chokoleti, chibakuwa, Siamese, ndiye kuti m'mabungwe ena amphaka amakanidwa.
Mtundu uliwonse wamaso, kupatula buluu kapena heterochromia (maso amitundumitundu) munyama zamtundu wina kupatula zoyera (zoyera, utoto wamtunduwu ndiololedwa).
Maine Coons amasinthidwa moyenera kuti akhale amoyo m'malo ovuta, ozizira. Ubweya wolimba, wopanda madzi ndiwotalikirapo komanso wolimba pamunsi pathu kotero kuti nyamayo isamaundane ikakhala mu chisanu kapena ayezi.
Mchira wautali, wobisalapo umatha kukulunga ndikuphimba nkhope ndi thupi lakumtunda utakhota, ndipo umatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pilo pokhala.
Mapadi akuluakulu, ndipo polydactyly (polydactyly - zala zambiri) ndizachikulu kwambiri, zopangidwa kuti ziziyenda mu chisanu osadutsamo, ngati nsapato za chipale chofewa.
Tsitsi lalitali limakula pakati pazala zakumapazi (kumbukirani bobcat?) Thandizani kuti mukhale otentha popanda kuwonjezera kunenepa. Ndipo makutu amatetezedwa ndi ubweya wakuda wokula mmenemo ndi ngayaye zazitali kumapeto kwake.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha Maine Coons okhala ku New England anali ndi mawonekedwe ngati polydactyly, ndipamene kuchuluka kwa zala zawo pamapazi ndikoposa kwachibadwa.
Ndipo, ngakhale akuti amphaka ambiri adafika 40%, izi ndizokokomeza.
Polydacty saloledwa kutenga nawo mbali pazowonetsa, chifukwa sizikugwirizana ndi muyezo. Izi zapangitsa kuti asowe, koma oweta pafupipafupi komanso malo osungira ana akuyesetsa kuti zisawonongeke kwathunthu.
Khalidwe
Maine Coons, amphaka ochezeka omwe ali pabanja komanso eni ake, amakonda kutenga nawo gawo m'moyo wabanja, makamaka pazochitika zokhudzana ndi madzi: kuthirira dimba, kusamba, kusamba, ngakhale kumeta. Amakonda kwambiri madzi, mwina chifukwa choti makolo awo amayenda pazombo.
Mwachitsanzo, amatha kulowetsa zikhomo zawo ndikuyenda mozungulira nyumbayo mpaka atayanika, kapena ngakhale kukasamba ndi mwiniwakeyo.
Ndibwino kutseka zitseko zaku bafa ndi chimbudzi, chifukwa awa oseketsa, nthawi zina, amawaza madzi kuchokera kuchimbudzi pansi, kenako ndimaseweranso pepala lakachimbudzi.
Okhulupirika komanso ochezeka, amakhala okhulupirika kubanja lawo, komabe, amatha kukhala osamala ndi alendo. Khalani bwino ndi ana, amphaka ena ndi agalu ochezeka.
Osewera, sangakukhumudwitseni, amangokhalira kuthamangira mnyumbamo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chiwonongeko kuchokera kuzinthu zotere kungakhale kofunika ... Sali aulesi, osati olimbikitsa, amakonda kusewera m'mawa kapena madzulo, ndipo nthawi yonseyo satopa nayo.
Mu Maine Coon wamkulu, pali chinthu chimodzi chokha chaching'ono, ndipo ndiwo mawu ake. Zimakhala zovuta kuti musamwetulire mukamva kulira kochepa chonchi kuchokera ku nyama yayikulu chonchi, koma imatha kumveka mosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kung'ung'udza ndi kung'ung'udza.
Amphaka
Amphaka amakhala osakhazikika, othamanga, koma nthawi zina amakhala owononga. Ndibwino kuti aphunzitsidwe ndikuphunzitsidwa thireyi asanagwe m'manja mwanu. Komabe, mu nazale yabwino iyi ndi nkhani yake.
Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kugula kittens mu cattery, kuchokera kwa akatswiri. Chifukwa chake mumadzipulumutsa ku zoopsa ndi mutu, chifukwa woweta nthawi zonse amayang'anira thanzi la mphaka ndikuwaphunzitsa zinthu zofunika.
Kunyumba, muyenera kukhala osamala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso malo omwe angakhale msampha wa mphaka, chifukwa ndi achidwi kwambiri komanso amawoneka bwino. Mwachitsanzo, ayesetsadi kukwawa ndikuphwanyika pansi pa chitseko.
Amphaka angaoneke ochepera kuposa momwe mukuyembekezera. Izi siziyenera kukuwopsezani, popeza zanenedwa kale kuti amafunikira zaka 5 kuti akule bwino, ndipo zimadalira chakudya.
Kumbukirani kuti awa ndi amphaka oyera ndipo ndiwosangalatsa kuposa amphaka wamba. Ngati simukufuna kugula mphaka ndikupita kwa owona za ziweto, ndiye kambiranani ndi obereketsa odziwa bwino malo osungira ziweto. Padzakhala mtengo wokwera, koma mphalapalayi adzaphunzitsidwa zinyalala ndi katemera.
Zaumoyo
Avereji ya zaka za moyo ndi zaka 12.5. 74% amakhala ndi zaka 10, ndipo 54% mpaka 12.5 ndi ena ambiri. Ndi mtundu wathanzi komanso wolimba, chifukwa udayambira mwachilengedwe nyengo yovuta ya New England.
Matenda omwe amapezeka kwambiri ndi HCM kapena hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, matenda amtima ofala amphaka, ngakhale atakhala amtundu wanji.
Amphaka azaka zapakati ndi zakubadwa ndizambiri. HCM ndi matenda opita patsogolo omwe angayambitse matenda a mtima, ziwalo zakumbuyo zam'mimba chifukwa cha embolism, kapena kufa mwadzidzidzi kwa amphaka.
Malo opita ku HCMP amapezeka pafupifupi 10% mwa Maine Coons onse.
Vuto lina lomwe lingachitike ndi SMA (Spinal Muscular Atrophy), mtundu wina wamatenda omwe amapatsirana.
SMA imakhudza ma neuron oyendetsa msana ndipo, moyenera, minofu ya miyendo yakumbuyo.
Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimawoneka m'miyezi yoyamba 3-4 ya moyo, kenako nyama imayamba kufooka, kufooka, ndikufupikitsa moyo.
Matendawa amatha kukhudza mitundu yonse ya amphaka, koma amphaka amitundu yayikulu monga Persian ndi Maine Coons amakonda kwambiri.
Matenda a impso a Polycystic (PKD), matenda opitilira pang'onopang'ono omwe amakhudza amphaka aku Persian ndi mitundu ina, amawonetseredwa ndi kuchepa kwa aimpso parenchyma kukhala ma cyst. Kafukufuku waposachedwa apeza PBD mwa amphaka 7 mwa 187 omwe ali ndi pakati a Maine Coon.
Ziwerengero zoterezi zikuwonetsa kuti mtunduwo umakhala ndi matenda obadwa nawo.
Ngakhale kupezeka kwa ma cysts pakokha, popanda kusintha kwina, sikungakhudze thanzi la nyama, ndipo amphaka omwe amayang'aniridwa amakhala ndi moyo wathunthu.
Komabe, ngati mukufuna kuswana pamulingo waluso, ndibwino kuti muziyesa nyamazo. Ultrasound ndiyo njira yokhayo yodziwira matenda a impso a polycystic pakadali pano.
Chisamaliro
Ngakhale amakhala ndi tsitsi lalitali, kulipesa kamodzi pamlungu ndikokwanira. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito burashi yachitsulo kuti muthandize kuchotsa tsitsi lakufa.
Makamaka ayenera kulipidwa kumimba ndi mbali, komwe malaya amakhala olimba komanso pomwe zingwe zimapangika.
Komabe, popatsidwa mphamvu pamimba ndi pachifuwa, kuyenda kuyenera kukhala kofatsa osakhumudwitsa paka.
Kumbukirani kuti amakhetsa, ndipo pakukhetsa ndikofunikira kuthana ndi malaya pafupipafupi, apo ayi mateti amapangika, omwe amayenera kudulidwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi amphaka amatha kusambitsidwa, komabe, amakonda madzi ndipo njirayi imapita popanda mavuto.
