Mkango (Panthera leo) ndi nyama yayikulu yayikulu ya banja la Felidae (feline). Amuna amalemera makilogalamu 250. Mikango yakhazikika kum'mwera kwa Sahara ku Africa ndi Asia, idasinthidwa kukhala madambo ndikusakanikirana ndi mitengo ndi udzu.
Mitundu ya mikango
Mkango waku Asia (Panthera leo persica)
Asiatic mkango
Ili ndi zikopa zowoneka bwino m'zigongono komanso kumapeto kwa mchira, zikhadabo zamphamvu ndi mano akuthwa omwe amakokera nyama pansi. Amuna ndi achikasu-lalanje mpaka bulauni yakuda, mikango yayikazi ndi yamchenga kapena yofiirira-yachikasu. Mane wa mikango ndi wamdima wakuda, samakhala wakuda, wamfupi kuposa wamkango waku Africa.
Mkango waku Senegal (Panthera leo senegalensis)
Mikango yaying'ono kwambiri ku Africa kumwera kwa Sahara, yomwe imakhala kumadzulo kwa Africa kuchokera ku Central African Republic kupita ku Senegal ili ndi anthu 1,800 onyadira pang'ono.
Mkango waku Senegal
Mkango wa Barbary (Panthera leo leo)
Mkango wa Barbary
Amadziwikanso kuti mkango waku North Africa. Izi zazing'ono zimapezeka kale ku Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco ndi Algeria. Kutha chifukwa chosasaka kosasankha. Mkango wotsiriza udawomberedwa mu 1920 ku Morocco. Masiku ano, mikango ina yomwe ili mu ukapolo imadziwika kuti ndi mbadwa za mikango ya Barbary ndipo imalemera 200 kg.
Mkango waku North Congo (Panthera leo azandica)
Mkango waku North Congo
Nthawi zambiri mtundu umodzi wolimba, bulauni wonyezimira kapena wachikaso chagolide. Mtundu umakhala wopepuka kuyambira kumbuyo mpaka kumapazi. Manes a amunawa ndi amdima wakuda wagolide kapena bulauni ndipo amakhala owoneka bwino komanso otalikirapo kuposa ubweya wonse wamthupi.
Mkango waku East Africa (Panthera leo nubica)
Mkango waku East Africa
Amapezeka ku Kenya, Ethiopia, Mozambique ndi Tanzania. Ali ndi nsana zochepa komanso miyendo yayitali kuposa ma subspecies ena. Tsitsi laling'ono limakula pamagulu a amuna. Manes amawoneka kuti abwezeretsedwanso, ndipo zitsanzo zakale zimakhala ndimankhwala okwanira kuposa mikango yaying'ono. Mikango yamphongo kumapiri imakhala ndi minyewa yolimba kuposa yomwe imakhala kumadera otsika.
South African African lion (Panthera leo bleyenberghi)
Mkango wakumwera chakumadzulo kwa Africa
Amapezeka kumadzulo kwa Zambia ndi Zimbabwe, Angola, Zaire, Namibia ndi kumpoto kwa Botswana. Mikango imeneyi ili m'gulu la mikango ikuluikulu kwambiri. Amuna amalemera pafupifupi 140-242 kg, akazi pafupifupi 105-170 kg. Manes a amuna ndi opepuka kuposa a subspecies ena.
Southeast African lion (Panthera leo krugeri)
Zimapezeka ku South Africa National Park ndi Swaziland Royal National Park. Amuna ambiri a subspecies ali ndi mane wakuda bwino. Kulemera kwa amuna pafupifupi 150-250 makilogalamu, akazi - 110-182 makilogalamu.
Mkango Woyera
Mkango Woyera
Anthu omwe ali ndi ubweya woyera amakhala akapolo ku Kruger National Park komanso ku Timbavati Reserve kum'mawa kwa South Africa. Sizo mtundu wa mikango, koma nyama zosintha chibadwa.
Zambiri mwachidule za mikango
M'nthawi zakale, mikango inkayendayenda m'makontinenti onse, koma idasowa ku North Africa ndi Southwest Asia munthawi zakale. Mpaka kumapeto kwa Pleistocene, pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo, mkango unali nyama yayikulu kwambiri pambuyo pa anthu.
Kwa zaka makumi awiri mu theka lachiwiri la zaka makumi awiri, Africa idakumana ndi kutsika kwa 30-50% mwa kuchuluka kwa mikango. Kutaya malo okhala ndi mikangano ndi anthu ndi zifukwa zakutha kwa mitunduyo.
Mikango imakhala zaka 10 mpaka 14 mwachilengedwe. Amakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 20. Mwachilengedwe, amuna samakhala zaka zopitilira 10 chifukwa mabala olimbana ndi amuna anzawo amafupikitsa moyo wawo.
Ngakhale adatchulidwanso "King of the Jungle", mikango sikhala m'nkhalango, koma m'masamba ndi madambo, komwe kuli tchire ndi mitengo. Mikango imasinthidwa kuti igwire nyama m'malo odyetserako ziweto.
Makhalidwe a anatomy a mkango
Mikango ili ndi mitundu itatu ya mano
- Ma incisors, mano ang'onoang'ono kutsogolo kwa kamwa, kugwira ndikung'amba nyama.
- Ziphuphu, mano anayi akulu kwambiri (mbali zonse ziwiri za incisors), otalika masentimita 7, amang'amba khungu ndi nyama.
- Zosangalatsa, mano akuthwa kwambiri pakamwa pake amakhala ngati lumo lodulira nyama.
Paws ndi zikhadabo
Ma paw amafanana ndi amphaka, koma zokulirapo. Ali ndi zala zisanu kumapazi awo akutsogolo ndi zinayi kumapazi awo akumbuyo. Kuphatika kwa mikango ya mkango kudzakuthandizani kulingalira msinkhu wa nyama, kaya ndi yaimuna kapena yaikazi.
Mikango imamasula zikhadabo zawo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatambasula kenako ndikukhazikika, kubisala pansi paubweya. Makola amakula mpaka 38 mm m'litali, olimba komanso owongoka. Chala chachisanu chakumbuyo chakumbuyo ndichachikale, chimagwira ngati chala chachikulu mwa anthu, chimagwira nyama ikamadya.
Chilankhulo
Lilime la mkango ndilolimba, ngati pepala lamasamba, lokutidwa ndi minga yotchedwa papillae, yomwe imabwerera m'mbuyo ndikutsuka nyama ya mafupa ndi dothi kuchokera kuubweya. Minga imeneyi imapangitsa lilime kukhala lolimba, mkango ukanyambita kuseri kwa dzanja kangapo, umakhalabe wopanda khungu!
Ubweya
Ana a mikango amabadwa ndi imvi, okhala ndi mawanga akuda ataphimba kumbuyo konseko, mawondo ndi mphuno. Mawangawa amathandiza anawo kusakanikirana ndi malo owazungulira, kuwapangitsa kukhala osawoneka tchire kapena udzu wamtali. Mawanga amatha pafupifupi miyezi itatu, ngakhale ena amatenga nthawi yayitali ndikukula. Munthawi yachinyamata, ubweya umakhala wolimba komanso wopitilira golide.
Mane
Pakati pa miyezi 12 mpaka 14, ana amphongo amayamba kumera tsitsi lalitali mozungulira pachifuwa ndi m'khosi. The mane kutalikitsa ndi mdima ndi zaka. Mikango ina, imadutsa m'mimba ndikupita ku miyendo yakumbuyo. Ankhondo aakazi alibe mane. Mane:
- amateteza khosi pankhondo;
- amawopsyeza mikango ina ndi nyama zazikulu monga zipembere;
- ndi gawo la miyambo ya chibwenzi.
Kutalika ndi mthunzi wa mane wa mkango kumadalira komwe amakhala. Mikango ya kumadera otentha imakhala ndi maimuna ofupikirapo, opepuka kuposa a kumadera ozizira. Kusintha kwamitundu pakusintha kwanyengo kumawonedwa chaka chonse.
Masharubu
Chiwalo chokhudzidwa pafupi ndi mphuno chimathandiza kumva chilengedwe. Chingwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi malo akuda pamizu. Mawanga awa ndi osiyana ndi mkango uliwonse, monga zolemba zala. Popeza palibe mikango iwiri yokhala ndi mtundu womwewo, ofufuza amasiyanitsa nyama ndi chilengedwe.
Mchira
Mkango uli ndi mchira wautali womwe umathandiza kulinganiza. Mchira wa mkango uli ndi ngayaye yakuda kumapeto yomwe imawonekera pakati pa miyezi 5 ndi 7 yakubadwa. Nyamazo zimagwiritsa ntchito burashi kuti zitsogolere kunyada kudzera muudzu. Akazi amakweza mchira wawo, amapereka chizindikiritso kuti "nditsatireni" ana, gwiritsani ntchito kulumikizana. Mchira umapereka momwe nyama ikumvera.
Maso
Ana a mikango amabadwa akhungu ndipo amatsegula maso awo akafika masiku atatu kapena anayi atakwanitsa. Maso awo amakhala amtundu wamtambo wamtambo ndikusintha bulauni pakati pa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu.
Maso a mkango ndi akulu ndi ana ozungulira omwe ali owirikiza katatu kukula kwa anthu. Chikope chachiwiri, chotchedwa nembanima yopepuka, chimatsuka komanso kuteteza diso. Mikango siyendetsa maso ake uku ndi uku, choncho amatembenuza mitu yawo kuti ayang'ane zinthu mbali inayo.
Usiku, chophimba kumbuyo kwa diso chimanyezimiritsa kuwala kwa mwezi. Izi zimapangitsa masomphenya a mkango kukhala owoneka bwino kangapo kuposa kamunthu. Ubweya woyera pansi pa maso umaunikira kwambiri mwa mwana wasukulu.
Zonunkhira zonunkhira
Zotumphukira zozungulira chibwano, milomo, masaya, ndevu, mchira ndi pakati pa zala zake zimatulutsa zinthu zamafuta zomwe zimapangitsa ubweya kukhala wathanzi komanso wopanda madzi. Anthu ali ndi zopangitsa zomwe zimapangitsa tsitsi lawo kukhala lamafuta ngati silitsukidwa kwakanthawi.
Mphamvu ya kununkhiza
Malo ang'onoang'ono mkamwa amalola mkango "kununkhiza" fungo mumlengalenga. Mwa kuwonetsa mano awo ndi malilime otuluka, mikango imagwira fungo kuti iwone ngati ikuchokera kwa winawake wofunikira kudya.
Kumva
Mikango imamva bwino. Amatembenuzira makutu awo mbali zosiyanasiyana, amamvera ma rustle owazungulira, ndikumamva nyama yolandidwa patali pafupifupi 1.5 km.
Momwe mikango imapangira ubale wina ndi mnzake
Mikango imakhala m'magulu ochezera, kunyada, amakhala azimayi zofananira, ana awo ndi wamwamuna wamkulu mmodzi kapena awiri. Mikango ndi amphaka okha omwe amakhala m'magulu. Mikango khumi mpaka makumi anayi imapanga kunyada. Kunyada kulikonse kuli ndi gawo lake. Mikango siyilola zilombo zina kusaka mwawo.
Kubangula kwa mikango ndi kwapayokha, ndipo amaigwiritsa ntchito kuchenjeza mikango kuchokera kwa ena onyada kapena anthu osungulumwa kuti asalowe mdera la wina. Mkango wobangula wa mkango umamveka patali mpaka ma 8 km.
Mkango umathamanga kwambiri mpaka makilomita 80 pa ola kwa mtunda waufupi ndikudumpha kupitirira mamita 9. Ambiri omwe amazunzidwa amathamanga kwambiri kuposa mkango wamba. Chifukwa chake, amasaka m'magulu, phesi kapena amayandikira mwakachetechete nyama zawo. Poyamba amamuzungulira, kenako amalumpha mwachangu, mwadzidzidzi kuchokera muudzu. Akazi amasaka, amuna amathandiza pakafunika kupha nyama yayikulu. Kuti muchite izi, zikhadabo zobwezeretsedwako zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhala ngati zikoko zolimbana zomwe zimagwira nyama.
Kodi mikango imadya chiyani?
Mikango ndi nyama zodya zopanda pake. Carrion amapanga zoposa 50% mwa zakudya zawo. Mikango imadya nyama zomwe zafa ndi matenda achilengedwe (matenda) ophedwa ndi zilombo zina. Amayang'anitsitsa miimba yozungulira chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti pali nyama yakufa kapena yovulala pafupi.
Mikango imadya nyama zambiri, monga:
- nswala;
- nswala;
- mbidzi;
- nyumbu;
- akadyamsonga;
- njati.
Amapha njovu, koma pokhapokha ngati akuluakulu onse onyada atenga nawo mbali pakusaka. Ngakhale njovu zimaopa mikango yanjala. Chakudya chikasowa, mikango imasaka nyama zing'onozing'ono kapena kuukira nyama zina. Mikango imadya mpaka makilogalamu 69 a nyama patsiku.
Udzu womwe mikango imakhalamo siufupi kapena wobiriwira, koma ndi wamtali ndipo nthawi zambiri umaoneka wonyezimira. Ubweya wa mkango ndi wofanana ndi zitsamba izi, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala zovuta kuziwona.
Makhalidwe azakudya zamphaka zamphaka
Mikango imathamangitsa nyama yawo kwa maola ambiri, koma imapha mphindi zochepa. Mkazi akatulutsa kubangula pang'ono, akuyitanira kunyada kuti alowe nawo pachikondwererochi. Choyamba, amuna akulu amadya, kenako akazi, kenako ana. Mikango imadya nyama yawo pafupifupi maola 4, koma samadya mpaka mafupa, afisi ndi miimba kumaliza zonse. Mkango ukatha kudya, umatha kumwa madzi kwa mphindi 20.
Pofuna kupewa kutentha koopsa masana, mikango imasaka nthawi yamadzulo, pomwe kuwala kochepa kwa dzuwa likamalowa kumathandiza kubisalira nyama. Mikango imakhala ndi masomphenya abwino usiku, choncho mdima suli vuto kwa iwo.
Kuswana mikango m'chilengedwe
Mkango wamkazi uli wokonzeka kukhala mayi pamene wamkazi atha zaka 2-3. Ana a mikango amatchedwa ana a mkango. Mimba imatenga miyezi itatu ndi theka. Kittens amabadwa akhungu. Maso samatseguka mpaka atakwanitsa pafupifupi sabata, ndipo sawona bwino mpaka atakwanitsa milungu iwiri. Mikango ilibe dzenje (nyumba) pomwe imakhala nthawi yayitali. Mkango wamkazi umabisa ana ake m'nkhalango zowirira, m'zigwa kapena pakati pa miyala. Nyumbayo ikawonedwa ndi zilombo zina, mayiyo amasuntha anawo kumalo ena atsopano. Ana a mikango amaimira kunyada pafupifupi masabata asanu ndi limodzi.
Amphaka amakhala pachiwopsezo pamene mkango wamkazi ukupita kukasaka ndipo umafuna kusiya ana ake. Kuphatikiza apo, mwamuna watsopano akamenya alpha wamwamuna chifukwa chonyada, amapha ana ake. Amayiwo kenako amakwatirana ndi mtsogoleri watsopano, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amphaka atsopano adzakhala ana ake. Kamwana ka 2 mpaka 6, kawirikawiri kamene kamakhala ndi ana a mikango 2-3, amabadwa, ndipo ana 1-2 okha ndi omwe adzapulumuke kufikira atazindikira kunyada. Pambuyo pake, gulu lonse lankhosa limateteza.
Mwana wamkango wamng'ono
Mikango ndi anthu
Mikango ilibe adani achilengedwe kupatula anthu omwe awasaka kwazaka zambiri. Kalelo, mikango idagawidwa kumwera konse kwa Europe ndi kumwera kwa Asia kum'mawa chakumpoto ndi pakati pa India komanso ku Africa konse.
Mkango womaliza ku Europe adamwalira pakati pa 80-100 AD. Pofika mu 1884, mikango yokhayo yomwe idatsalira ku India inali ku Gir Forest, komwe kudangotsala khumi ndi awiri okha. Ayenera kuti adamwalira kwina kumwera chakumwera kwa Asia, monga Iran ndi Iraq, patangopita chaka cha 1884. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 20, mikango yaku Asiya yatetezedwa ndi malamulo amderalo, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo kukukulira zaka.
Mikango yawonongedwa kumpoto kwa Africa. Pakati pa 1993 ndi 2015, kuchuluka kwa mikango kunachepetsa ku Central ndi West Africa. Kum'mwera kwa Africa, anthu amakhalabe osasunthika komanso owonjezeka. Mikango imakhala kumadera akutali komwe sikukhala anthu. Kufalikira kwa ulimi ndi kuchuluka kwa malo okhala m'malo omwe kale anali mikango ndizomwe zimayambitsa kufa.
