Dambo ndi gawo lomwe limakhala ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo, ndipo chivundikiro chapadera cha zinthu zakuthupi chimapangidwa pamwamba pake, chomwe sichinawonongedwe kwathunthu, chomwe chimasanduka peat. Kawirikawiri, peat wosanjikiza pa mabotolo amakhala osachepera 30 masentimita. Kawirikawiri, mathithi ndi a hydrosphere system.
Chidwi chokhudza madambo ndi monga:
- mathithi akale kwambiri padziko lapansi adapangidwa pakadutsa zaka 350-400 miliyoni zapitazo;
- zikuluzikulu m'derali ndi madambo am'mbali mwa mtsinjewo. Ma Amazoni.
Njira zam'madzi
Dambo limatha kuwonekera m'njira ziwiri: ndikuthira kwa nthaka komanso kuchuluka kwa matupi amadzi. Pachiyambi choyamba, chinyezi chimapezeka m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- chinyezi chimasonkhana m'malo ozama;
- madzi mobisa amapezeka nthawi zonse pamwamba;
- ndi kuchuluka kwamvula yamlengalenga yomwe ilibe nthawi yotuluka nthunzi;
- m'malo omwe zopinga zimasokoneza kayendedwe ka madzi.
Madzi akamanyowetsa nthaka nthawi zonse, amasonkhana, ndiye kuti dambo limatha kukhala m'malo ano popita nthawi.
Pachifukwa chachiwiri, chikho chimapezeka m'malo amadzi, mwachitsanzo nyanja kapena dziwe. Kuthira madzi kumachitika pamene dera lamadzi ladzaza ndi nthaka kapena kuya kwake kumachepa chifukwa chakuchepa. Pakakhazikika dambo, zosungira ndi mchere zimadziunjikira m'madzi, kuchuluka kwa zomera kumachulukirachulukira, kuchuluka kwa dziwe kumatsika, ndipo madzi am'nyanjamo amakhala osayenda. Zomera, zomwe zimadzaza dziwe, zitha kukhala zamadzi zonse, kuchokera pansi pa nyanjayi, komanso kumtunda. Izi ndi moss, sedges ndi bango.
Peat mapangidwe madambo
Dambo likakhazikika, chifukwa chosowa mpweya wabwino ndi chinyezi chochuluka, mbewuzo sizimawonongeka kwathunthu. Zomera zakufa zimagwera pansi ndipo sizimaola, zimadziunjikira zaka masauzande ambiri, ndikusandulika mtundu wobiriwira wa bulauni. Umu ndi momwe peat imapangidwira, ndipo pachifukwa ichi madambo amatchedwa peat bogs. Ngati peat imatulutsidwa mwa iwo, ndiye amatchedwa peat bogs. Pafupifupi, makulidwe osanjikiza ndi ma 1.5-2 mita, koma nthawi zina ma deposit ndi mamita 11. Kudera lotere, kuphatikiza pa sedge ndi moss, paini, birch ndi alder zimakula.
Chifukwa chake, pali madambo ambiri padziko lapansi nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, peat imapangidwa mwa iwo, koma si madambo onse omwe ndi ziboda. Peat bogs iwowo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi anthu popanga mchere, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana azachuma ndi mafakitale.
