Pakadali pano, pafupifupi mabanja 93 a nkhanu apezeka ndi anthu, omwe anali ndi mitundu pafupifupi zikwi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Nyama zonsezi ndizochepa (zosapitilira kukula kwa arachnids) komanso zazikulu. Alipo mitundu ya nkhanu ndi deta yakunja, komanso zida za poizoni. Ndikofunika kuti muphunzire mitundu yayikulu yomwe amadziwika bwino ndi anthu mwatsatanetsatane.
Nkhanu ya Kamchatka
Nkhanu ya Kamchatka (Achijapani amatchulanso kuti "achifumu") amaonedwa kuti ndichakudya chenicheni. Zakudya zamzitini zozikidwa pamtengo ndizofunika kwambiri pamsika komanso zotchuka padziko lonse lapansi. Nthumwiyi imadziwika kuti ndiimodzi mwazodziwika kwambiri pakati pa anthu amphepete. Kutalika kwa chipolopolo cha anthu akulu kwambiri kumatha kufikira 23 cm, chikhocho ndi 1.5 m, ndikulemera kwake ndi 7 kg.
Cephalothorax ya nkhanu yaikazi ndi yamwamuna ya ku Kamchatka ndi yamakona anayi, ndipo chipolopolocho ndi zikhadabo ndizochepera. Chipolopolocho chimakhala ndi malo opindika, ozungulira ndi aatali, okhala m'malire onse akunja.
Mphumi ndi yopapatiza, ma peduncles amakulitsidwa pang'ono pamlingo wa cornea. Antena amayenda m'munsi; pali chikwapu, chomwe kutalika kwake kumakhala kocheperako kuposa kutalika kwa kanjira kake. Antena ndi ochepa, obisika pang'ono pansi pamphumi. Nkhanu imakhala ndi zikhomo zotseguka bwino ndi zala zazitali. Mfumu nkhanu amatsogolera moyo wamagulu.
Chifukwa cha ichi, chakhala chinthu chofunikira m'mafakitale ku America ndi Japan komanso ku Russian Federation. Anthu okhala m'nyanja amakololedwa ndi ukonde wapansi. Pogwiritsa ntchito nsomba, nyambo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Thupi la nyamakazi imakhala ndi mimba, cephalothorax ndi 10 paws. Cephalothorax, miyendo ndi m'mimba zimakutidwa ndi chitin ndimatenda oterera.
Nkhanu ya kokonati
Nkhanu ya kokonati - Uyu ndiye woimira wamkulu pakati pa nyamakazi. Mwambiri, sichiwerengedwa ngati nkhanu - ndi mtundu wa nkhanu. Nthumwi iyi ili ndi mawonekedwe owopsa - amatha kudodometsa ngakhale munthu wolimba mtima amene angaganize zofufuza nyanja. Ngati muli ndi mitsempha yofooka, ndibwino kuti musadzawone nkhanu ya kokonati. Zolemba za woimira zimatha kuthyola ngakhale mafupa ang'onoang'ono.
Anthu oterewa amakhala pazilumba za Indian Ocean. Izi ndizowona makamaka ku Chilumba cha Christmas, komwe kumapezeka kuchuluka kwa nyamakazi. Thupi la nkhanu lagawika magawo awiri. Yoyamba ndi cephalothorax ndi 5 paws ya paws, ndipo yachiwiri ndi mimba.
Miyendo yakutsogolo imasinthidwa kukhala ma pincers. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chikhadabo chakumanzere ndichachikulu kwambiri kuposa choyenera. Ma pews awiri otsatirawa ali ndi malekezero akuthwa. Izi zimathandiza nkhanu kuti isunthire pamalo owoneka bwino komanso owongoka.
Akuluakulu amagwiritsa ntchito miyendo yachinayi popangira mapiri. Kukula kwake ndikocheperako kuposa kwamagulu ena. Ndi chithandizo chawo, nkhanu imakhazikika mu zipolopolo za kokonati kapena zigoba za mollusk. Miyendo iwiri yomaliza ndi yofooka kwambiri, nkhanu ya kokonati imawabisa pachikopacho. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokwaniritsa kapena kusamalira ana.
Nkhanu ya Marble
Nkhanu ya Marble Ndi yekhayo wokhala mu Nyanja Yakuda omwe angapezeke pamiyala ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Nyama yamatenda yotereyi ndi ya banja la Grapsidae. Chigoba cha woimira m'madzi chimapangidwa ngati trapezoid. Kukula kwa munthu ndi kocheperako - kuyambira masentimita 4.5 mpaka 6. Pamwamba pa chipolopolocho nthawi zambiri pamakhala algae ndi ma acorn am'nyanja.
Monga nkhanu zambiri, ma arthropods okhala ndi ma marbled ali ndi mapaundi asanu a miyendo. Kutsogolo kwachiwiri ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu. Tsitsi limawoneka pamapazi oyenda a nkhanu ya kangaude. Mtundu wa carapace ndi wabuluu wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wakuda wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopepuka.
Nkhanu imakhala m'madzi osaya, pafupi ndi miyala. Itha kupezekanso munyanja pazakuya mpaka mita khumi. Membala wa nkhanuyu amatha kukhala moyo wopanda madzi, chifukwa chake zimawoneka pamtunda.
Ngati mkazi, mwamuna wamwamuna azindikira zoopsa, amatha kumenya kapena kubisala pogona. Masana, nkhanu imakhala pansi pa miyala yomwe imakhala pansi. Usiku akupita kumtunda. Mumdima, nkhanu imatha kukwera mpaka mamita asanu.
Nkhanu imadyetsa nthawi zambiri pazinthu zotsalira. Monga mitundu ina ya nkhanu zomwe zimapezeka ku Black Sea, miyala ya marble si mitundu yamakampani, koma ndizokumbutsa zokongola. M'chilengedwe, nkhanu zam'madzi zimakhala zaka 3 mpaka 3.5.
Nkhanu ya buluu
Mtundu uwu wa nkhanu ndi membala wa nkhanu zosambira. Nyama zotere zimakhala ndi cholinga chachikulu cha mafakitale - matumba opitilira 28 zikwi za nyamakazi zimagwidwa chaka chilichonse. Ngakhale mzaka zana zapitazo, nyama yake idakhala yokoma. Ndendende chifukwa cha izi nkhanu za buluu ikuchepa mwachangu.
Nkhanu yosambira imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya kumadzulo kwa nyanja ya Atlantic, pafupi ndi Cape Cod Peninsula. Otsatirawa ali kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa America ndipo amafika ku Argentina, komanso kumwera kwa Uruguay. Nthawi zambiri, nkhanu zamtambo zimapezeka pakamwa pa mitsinje ndi posungira, zomwe kuya kwake sikupitilira mita 36.
Nyama zimakonda malo okhala pomwe pali matope kapena mchenga pansi pake. M'nyengo yozizira nkhanu yabuluu Amapita pansi pamadzi. Akuluakulu amatha kupirira bwino mpaka madigiri 10, pomwe achichepere - kuyambira 15 mpaka 30. Kutalika kwa chipolopolocho kumachokera pa masentimita 7 mpaka 10, ndipo m'lifupi mwake kuyambira 16 mpaka 20. Nkhanu zazikulu zimatha kulemera pafupifupi 0,4-0.95 kg. Kumbuyo kwa nkhanu ya buluu kumatha kukhala ndi mithunzi yotsatirayi:
- Imvi.
- Green-buluu.
- Mdima wakuda.
Pali minyewa yakuthwa m'mphepete mwa chipolopolocho, ndipo mimba ndi miyendo ndizoyera. Amuna amatha kusiyanitsidwa ndi zikhadabo zabuluu ndi akazi ndi ofiira ofiira. Nyanja zam'madzi zimakhala ndi mapaundi asanu.
Pakusintha, miyendo yakutsogolo idakhala zikhadabo, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ndikudula chakudya. Magulu omalizawa amafanana ndi opalasa - amagwiritsidwa ntchito posambira. Ngati nkhanu itaya miyendo, imatha kuibwezeretsa mwachangu.
Nkhanu zitsamba
Nkhanu yaudzu ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, koma ndi nkhono yaying'ono kwambiri, kuthamanga kwake komwe nthawi zina kumatha kufika mita imodzi pamphindikati. Mbali yapadera ya nkhanu yaudzu ndi chipolopolo, chomwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osanjikizika.
Izi nyamakazi zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa zikhadabo. Mtundu wa chigawo chapamwamba cha chipolopolocho ndi chobiriwira, gawo lakumunsi limatha kukhala loyera kapena lachikaso. Oimira amtundu wa crustaceans amatha kusunthira mbali, osati kutsogolo kapena kubwerera mmbuyo.
Nkhanu za Grass zimakhala, monga lamulo, panyanja, pakuya mpaka mamita atatu. Pansi pake nthawi zambiri amabisidwa ndi timiyala kapena thanthwe lamatope ndi matope, koma nthawi zambiri amathawira m'nkhalango zowirira.
Nkhanu za udzu zimadyetsa nyama zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana - shrimp, mamazelo, nsomba zazing'ono ndi nkhanu, nyongolotsi komanso zinyalala. Oimira zinyama izi ndizolengedwa zakutchire. Masana, amapuma, ndikubowola m'nthaka.
Nkhanu zitsamba moyenerera umakhala ndi mutu wa "mwadongosolo lapansi lapansi pamadzi." Nyama zazing'onozi zimapewa kuipitsa nyanja yam'madzi mwa kudya nyama zowola ndi mitundu yonse yazinyalala zam'nyanja.
Nkhanu za udzu zakonzedwa kuti ziziswana chaka chonse. Mkazi amatha kuikira mazira masauzande angapo, nthawi yawo yosungitsa imatenga miyezi iwiri kapena isanu ndi umodzi, kutengera nyengo.
Nkhanu ya mchenga
Nkhanu yamtunduwu imangokhala pansi pamchenga. Nkhanu ya mchenga wosambira wabwino (chifukwa chake, ali ndi dzina lachiwiri, kachilomboka kamadzi) ndipo amadziwa kuthamangira mumchenga (miyendo yakumbuyo yolimba imathandizira chinyama mu ichi). Osambira amakhala omasuka m'madzi ozizira bwino. Zikatero, nkhanu imatha kupita kumadzi osaya.
Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chimapezeka mdera la Russian Federation chimakhala ku Black Sea. Kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 32 mm, ndipo m'lifupi mwake pafupifupi 40 mm. Nkhanu yosambira Amadziwika kuti ndi akulu kwambiri pakati pa omwe amakhala mu Adriatic Sea, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa nthumwi zina za nkhanu zosambira, mchengawu ndi wosowa kwambiri.
Kukula kwa chiweto ndi chochepa kwambiri. Munthuyo ali ndi carapace chowulungika chotalika masentimita anayi m'lifupi. Miyendo ndi yaifupi, koma izi siziteteza nkhanu kuti isayende mwachangu. Zikhadabo ndi zazikulu, zimawoneka zosagwirizana, chifukwa nkhanu yokha ndi yaying'ono. Zala zakuda, nthawi zina ngakhale zakuda.
Mbali yapadera ya nkhanu yotha kusuntha ndikutha kusambira mwachangu m'madzi. Amuna, nyanga zimawonedwa pamwamba pamaso pachimake pa mapesi. Zazikazi zikakumba maenje awo, zimamwaza mchenga mbali zonse. Amuna amapinda bwinobwino pafupi ndi maenje awo.
Nkhanu zaubweya
Chifukwa cha chizolowezi chokwera kumadera akutali kwambiri m'mapanga akumadzi ndikugona mmenemo mwakachetechete, wokutidwa ndi masiponji, nkhanu zaubweya zidalandira dzina lachiwiri, losavomerezeka - nkhanu zogona. Mitundu iyi ya arthropod ndi imodzi mwazing'ono zazing'onozing'ono. Makulidwe a nkhanu yaubweya osapitilira 25 mm., ndipo oyimira ma crustaceans amakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja.
Kugona nkhanu Kodi ndi oimira okhazikika a dongosolo la ma decapod crustaceans omwe amapezeka mu kukula kwa Mediterranean ndi North Seas. Pokhala m'malo ozizira kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Atlantic, nkhanu zazingwe sizimangokhala kumalo ena omwe zimakhala. Amakhala okonzeka kupezeka pamtunda wozama mamita asanu ndi atatu, komanso atatsika mita zana kutsika.
Kutalika kwa chipolopolo cha nkhanu yaubweya ndikopitilira masentimita asanu. Chomwe chimasiyanitsa ndikuti chipolopolocho chimakutidwa ndi tsitsi laling'ono. Izi zimathandiza kuti nkhanu zogona zigwire chinkhupule mwamphamvu, koma osati chifukwa chomvera chisoni, koma pobisalira. Ndi nkhanu zazing'ono zokha zomwe zimagona zomwe zimatha "kugwira" masiponji, ndipo achikulire, chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwakutali ndi masiponji, "amakula pamodzi" ndi anzawo.
Nkhanu zonyezimira
Mtundu wa nkhanu umakhala nthawi zambiri munyanja ya Pacific (kumpoto chakum'mawa). Nyama yotere imamva bwino kwambiri m'madzi okhala ndi mchere wochepa, imatha kupezeka m'matupi amadzi oyera. Nthawi zambiri, asodzi amatulutsa nkhanu zazing'ono m'madzi pamodzi ndi nsomba.
Onani nyamakazi iyi m'mphepete mwa Kamchatka, Kuriles, ndi Sakhalin. Nyama iyi imakonda kukhala panthaka yokhala ndi miyala yambiri - m'madzi osaya, pomwe kuya sikupitilira 25 mita. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi zina nkhanu iyi inagwidwa kuchokera pansi pa mamita 350.
Nkhanu yakuda Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo wokhazikika, amalekerera kusintha kwakanthawi kwamalamulo otentha. Chigoba chanyama chimakhala ndi minga yambiri, ndipo m'lifupi mwake chimatha kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 15. Chakudya chachikulu chimakhala nkhono zazing'ono.
Kodi ndi nkhanu zotani zomwe mungathe kuziwona mu aquarium?
Kalekale nkhanu zimakhala ziweto zodziwika bwino pakati pa omwe amakonda kusunga nyanja yamchere m'nyumba zawo. Tsopano oimira ma arthropods amatha kupezeka m'masitolo ambiri azinyama, pomwe amakhala osadzichepetsa komanso amakhazikika bwino kunyumba.
Posankha chiweto chotere, muyenera kulabadira kukula kwake, komanso kutentha kwa madzi komwe kumakonzedwa kuti nkhanu zizikhala. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina imafuna madzi ofunda (kutentha 20-25 degrees Celsius) komanso aeration. Ngati nyama ikuchokera kumadera akumpoto, kutentha kwamadzi kuyenera kutsika pang'ono. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nkhanu yomwe ili yoyenera kusamalira nyumba:
- Nkhanu ya ku Dutch... Kusankha kwabwino kwambiri kwa oyamba kumene, chifukwa chiweto sichodzichepetsa potsatira zikhalidwe. Nyama siyifuna malo owuma. Ndibwino kuti muzisunga kutentha kwa madigiri 24-25.
- Nkhanu ya kambuku... Lili ndi dzinali chifukwa cha utoto wake wowala komanso wowoneka bwino. Nkhanu ya Leopard idzakhala yoyandikana kwambiri ndi nsomba zam'madzi, koma kuyisunga pamodzi ndi achule sikuvomerezeka. Munthuyu safunikiranso chifukwa chotengera sushi. Ndikofunika kusunga nkhanu pakati pa madigiri 22 ndi 28.
Crustaceans (nkhanu) ndi omnivorous arthropods. M'malo awo achilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati dongosolo. Tsopano mitundu ina yatsala pang'ono kutha. Anthu ndi amene amachititsa izi.
