Pali zochitika zambiri m'mbiri pomwe galu adapulumutsa munthu munthawi yomwe anthu ambiri analibe mphamvu. Kumva kwa kununkhiza komanso mikhalidwe ina yamtengo wapatali imathandizira othandizira amiyendo inayi kuthana ndi ntchito zovuta kwambiri.
Kufulumira kwa kupanga zisankho, zochita zomveka, kudzipereka ndizomwe zimapezeka ndi ziweto zabwino kwambiri. Wopulumutsa agalu sakusonyeza luso lakutumikira kokha, koma akuwonetsa kupanda mantha kwenikweni, kudzipereka kwa anthu, ndikuyika moyo wake pachiswe.
Nkhani Yoyang'anira Agalu Oteteza
Malinga ndi nthano, Wamphamvuyonse adayang'ana moyo wa anthu osimidwa omwe amakhala m'malo achisanu pachilumba cha Newfoundland. Anamenya nkhondo ndi mphepo yozizira, yamphamvu. Ndipo ndidaganiza zopangira wothandizira wawo, wofanana ndi chimbalangondo, koma wopirira komanso wolimba.
Umu ndi momwe agalu aku Newfoundland adawonekera pachilumbachi, omwe amasinthidwa kukhala nyengo yovuta, saopa madzi oundana, matalala achisanu, chisanu chachikulu. Anzanu odalirika a asodzi akhala angelo awo owasamalira m'mayesero ndi nthaka ndi madzi.
Zambiri zodalirika za agalu akulu, omwe anapangidwa ndi amonke aku Alpine pogona ku St. Bernard, zasungidwa kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 19 mpaka lero. Kwa amwendamnjira omwe adasochera pa nthawi yachisanu, nyama zinali mwayi womaliza wopulumutsidwa. Ma hound adamangirira migolo ya ramu wofunda m'khosi mwawo ndikuwatumiza kukafunafuna omwe akufuna thandizo.
Nyamazo zimapeza anthu, zimawotha ubweya wakuda wobwera ndi vinyo, kenako ndikubweretsa opulumutsa kuchokera kunyumba ya amonke komweko. Mbiri yasunga dzina la galu Barry, yemwe adapulumutsa miyoyo khumi ndi inayi mzaka 12 za ntchito. Tsiku lina galuyo adapeza mwana yemwe anali kuzizira ndipo adamwalira. Barry adanyambita mwanayo kuti amudzutse mwanayo podikirira kuti anthu amuthandize.
Tsoka ilo, munthu womaliza adapulumutsidwa mwamantha chifukwa Barry adabaya galu ndi mpeni, ndikusokoneza ndi chimbalangondo. Galu anapulumuka, koma sanathenso kutumikiranso anthu. Galu atamwalira, nzika zoyamika zidafalitsa chikumbukiro chake, adakhazikitsa chipilala kumanda aku Paris. Mitundu ya agalu am'deralo, mbadwa za ma mastiff a ku Tibetan, adatchedwa St. Bernards.
Anthu nthawi zonse amasilira ndikuyamikira ngwazi zamiyendo inayi. Pamirs zaka chikwi ndi theka zapitazo, nzika zakale zidapanga kujambula, komwe galu amakoka munthu wofooka. M'nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale padziko lonse lapansi, zojambula zokhala ndi ziwembu zoperekedwa kwa nyama zosadzikonda zimasungidwa.
Kudzipereka, luso lapadera la mitundu yambiri idapanga maziko ophunzitsira ntchito yapadera ya agalu ophunzitsidwa. Ngakhale kutukuka kwapaukadaulo waposachedwa kwambiri, kufunafuna anthu munthawi zambiri zadzidzidzi, zinyalala pambuyo pa masoka achilengedwe, kugwa ndikwabwino kwa fungo la galu, kumva kwapadera kwa nyamayo.
Galu m'modzi wophunzitsidwa amatha kusintha ntchito ya anthu ambiri, ndipo koposa zonse, kupeza wovulalayo ndi thandizo. Kuyesera kodziwika kochitidwa ndi opulumutsa m'mapiri. Pa chiwembu cha makilomita 10 zikwi zikwi, "wovulalayo" adabisika pakuya kwa mita ziwiri. Opulumutsa anthu 20 adasaka munthu kwa maola 4, ndipo galuyo adamupeza mu mphindi 12. Nthawi zina, kupulumutsa moyo wa munthu zimadalira kuthamanga kwa chithandizo.
Kupulumutsa mitundu ya agalu
Sizinyama zonse zomwe zimatha kupulumutsa. Galu wantchito ayenera kukhala wodekha, wopirira, komanso wolimba mkati kuthana ndi zopinga. Ngakhale mbiri yakale imadziwa zitsanzo za ntchito yodzipereka, zochita zamphamvu za ziweto zazing'ono zinayi. Akatswiri ofufuza manoĊµa amatchula mitundu ina ya agalu amene ali ndi chibadwa chofuna kuthana ndi mavuto. Mwa iwo, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa:
St. Bernard... Galu wokula modabwitsa ndi nyonga yayikulu yakuthupi. Kuthekera kwapadera kwa nyama kumawonetseredwa pakuwona kwa mafunde amawu pafupipafupi mpaka 100 Hz, i.e. Saint Bernards imamva bwino nthawi 4-5 kuposa anthu. Mphamvu ya kununkhira imaposa kuthekera kwa munthu maulendo 14 chifukwa chakukula kwapadera kwa mphuno.
Talente yapadera ya nyama kumapiri imawalola kuyembekezera chiwombankhanga poyenda mlengalenga m'maola ochepa, kuchenjeza anthu. Sizodabwitsa kuti St. Bernards amatchedwa agalu avalanche.
Chifukwa cha chibadwa chawo chapadera komanso mphamvu zawo, agalu amapeza anthu atayikidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa, amawakumba, kuwalimbikitsa, kuwatulutsa kupita kumalo otetezeka kapena kupulumutsa anthu. St. Bernard ndiye wabwino kwambiri galu wopulumutsa pamapiri, osabwerera m'mbuyo zisanachitike zopinga, kuwonetsa mkhalidwe wosakanika.
Maluso aluntha, maupangiri mwachangu, kukana kupsinjika, kudzipereka kusiyanitsa opulumutsa miyendo inayi m'mapiri. M'moyo wamba, agalu ndiwo alonda abwino kwambiri, okhudza ana aamuna, okonzeka kuthamanga kuti awateteze.
Newfoundland (osiyana)... Agalu okhala ndi torso yayikulu, yotambalala kumbuyo, ngati kuti adapangidwa mwachilengedwe kuti azigwira ntchito zovuta. Kapangidwe kapadera ka anatomiki kamalola Newfoundlands kukhala m'madzi oundana osavulaza thanzi.
Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kapangidwe kapadera ka ma auricles, ziboda zamkati, chikope chachitatu, ubweya womwe sumanyowa m'madzi. Agalu opulumutsa m'madzi Amadziwika ndi kutha kusambira makilomita makumi, kuyenda pansi pamadzi, kukana kuzizira, kuthekera koyankha nthawi yomweyo munthu womira.
Dongosolo lamanjenje lamphamvu, olemekezeka amakulolani kuti mugwire ntchito ya apolisi, kuti mukhale atsogoleri osayerekezeka. Koma chilakolako chachikulu cha agalu ndi gawo lamadzi, popanda nyama yomwe singawonetse mawonekedwe ake abwino komanso kuthekera kwake.
M'busa waku Germany... M'mbuyomu, makolo amtundu wamakono adateteza ziweto zawo kuzilombo. Agalu amakono omwe ali ndi luso lotha kuphunzira ali paliponse potumikira anthu - amatumikira apolisi, amagwira ntchito yosaka, achitetezo, komanso kuthandiza pantchito zopulumutsa. Akatswiri ofufuza matendawa amadziwika kuti ndizofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu:
- olemekezeka;
- kutsimikiza;
- chipiriro;
- ntchito.
Makhalidwe abwino agalu amawululidwa ndi maphunziro olondola a ziweto. Ubwenzi womwe amawonetsa m'banja sakhala mawonekedwe awo poyerekeza ndi alendo. Khalidwe lamphamvu, wopanda mantha, luntha limalola kuthana ndi zovuta kwambiri kupeza anthu pansi pa zinyalala, kumapiri, munthawi za milandu.
Pali nkhani yodziwika yopulumutsa anthu ku ukapolo wa chipale chofewa, pomwe m'busa wa Ajax adagwira ntchito yopuma kwa maola 96 mpaka munthu womaliza atamasulidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa. Zala za galuyo zinali zozizira, zotopa mpaka fupa.
Labrador. Mbiri yonse ya mtunduwu imalumikizidwa ndikutumikirapo munthu posaka ndi kusodza. Kupirira, mphamvu zathupi, mawonekedwe abwinobwino a nyama adathandizira kupulumuka mkuntho, nyengo yoyipa, kutsatira njira. Chifukwa cha luntha lotukuka, agalu amaloweza pamalamulo oposa mazana awiri, amamvetsetsa anthu.
Kununkhiza bwino, kulimba mtima, masewera othamanga zimapangitsa agalu kukhala osasunthika pofufuza pamtunda, madzi, m'mapiri. Agalu ogwira ntchito amayang'ana zinthu zoletsedwa, zowopsa, kuthandizira kunyamula zinthu pakamwa popanda kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chake, obwezera a Labrador adapereka zida zothandizira oyamba ndi mankhwala kwa anthu omwe ali pamabwinja, ndikukwawa kudzera m'ming'alu kwa ovulala pachiwopsezo cha miyoyo yawo, kuti athe kudzipezera chithandizo choyamba.
Doberman. Chifukwa cha thupi lawo logwirizana, kukula kwambiri, agalu owoneka bwino, amatchedwa olemekezeka. Mphamvu yogwira ntchito, mphamvu, kulimba mtima, kupirira, kuzindikira mwachangu kumasiyanitsa ma Dobermans pochita ntchito zosiyanasiyana.
Agalu amaphunzitsidwa kufufuza, kufufuza mapanga, kufunafuna okwera mapiri, kuti agwire ntchito pakati pa zinyalala zitachitika zivomezi. Nyama zili ndi chibadwa chabwino, kupenyerera, kukhala tcheru, kutchera khutu. Ma Dobermans omwe ali ndi khalidwe lonyada amazindikira anthu olimba komanso osasunthika omwe amawatumikira mokhulupirika komanso mosadzipereka.
Wopanga. Mphamvu yakuthupi ya galu, ziwalo zanzeru, komanso malingaliro akuthwa kwayamikiridwa kale. Kuyambira zaka za m'ma Middle Ages ku Europe, a Rottweiler apatsidwa ntchito yolondera poyendetsa katundu, kuyendetsa ng'ombe. Kutha kwamphamvu kwambiri kumalola kuti nyamayo igwire ntchito yake molingana ndi nyengo yovuta.
Galu waku Germany yemwe adaleredwa moyenera amakhala wokonzeka nthawi zonse kuthandiza munthu. Khalidwe lamphamvu la agalu limafunikira chidwi cha eni nthawi zonse, utsogoleri womveka bwino pazinthu zonse, mayanjano oyenera. M'mayiko aku Scandinavia, agalu a Rottweiler amagwira ntchito zankhalango komanso zopulumutsa m'mapiri.
Spaniel. Kusuntha agalu apakatikati amadziwika chifukwa cha kutha kwawo komanso kafungo kabwino. Kusewera kwachilengedwe, kuyankha, kucheza nawo zimawapangitsa kukhala okondedwa ndi aliyense. Thupi lolimba limapangitsa kuti zinyama zizigwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa anthu kuchokera kumabwinja omwe amachitika chifukwa cha masoka achilengedwe. Spaniel mosakayikira amadziwika ngati munthu ali moyo. Amapereka zisonyezo pong'ung'udza kapena kukalipira. Chifukwa cha kulimbikira kwa galu pantchito yawo, ana ambiri adapulumutsidwa.
Alaskan malamute. Agalu amadziwika ndi kulimba kwawo, ndichifukwa chake adakopeka ndi maulendo kuti akagonjetse mitengoyo. Lamulo lamphamvu la nyama, minofu yotukuka imalola kunyamula ma sled ndi katundu wokwana makilogalamu 400. Agalu amalemekezedwa chifukwa chokhoza kuyenda m'malo omwe sanazolowere, kuthana ndi matalala, ndikukumba maenje akuya.
Nyamayo idzapeza ndikukumba munthu yemwe anaikidwa m'manda pansi pa chipale chofewa, osamupweteka, kupulumutsa anthu ovulalawo, ndipo sadzamusiya m'mavuto. Anthu akumpoto samakhala opanda malamute pakusaka ndi kupulumutsa anthu.
Ogwira agalu amakhulupirira kuti ambiri Mitundu agalu opulumutsa Zikuwoneka ndikukula kwa mikhalidwe ina ya nyama, maphunziro oyenera, popeza chilengedwe chakhazikitsa kale zotheka za tetrapods - kuwona kwamaso, kumva bwino, kununkhira, kupirira, luntha.
Ndi zikhalidwe ziti ndi mawonekedwe omwe amapezeka mu galu wopulumutsa?
Ntchito zosaka ndi kupulumutsa zimasankha agalu amitundu yosiyanasiyana okhala ndi machitidwe ena ophunzitsira. Ngati chinyama chikukonzekera kugwira ntchito ndi zinyalala, ndiye kuti zofunika pazowonjezera zakunja:
- kukula pang'ono - galu ayenera kudutsa m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono;
- ubweya wautali wapakatikati - pamabwinja pamakhala chiopsezo chachikulu pakhungu.
Agalu opulumutsa opambana amasiyanitsidwa ndi:
- thupi lolimba - mphamvu yakuthupi imafunika kugwira ntchito molimbika;
- chipiriro - yankho la ntchito zopulumutsa ndilofunika;
- kukana kupsinjika - katundu wolemera sungapeweke pakupulumutsa;
- kulakalaka mwamphamvu - ndikofunikira kuti galu akwaniritse cholinga chake;
- kupanda mantha - ntchito imagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiopsezo chanthawi zonse chovulala;
- psyche yokhazikika - pokwaniritsa cholinga, agalu sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zakunja (kununkhiza, kufuula), kugwira ntchito ndi zida zokhazikika m'thupi;
- luntha - nyama zanzeru sizimangotsatira malamulo, koma zimapanga zisankho zokha pakavuta;
- chikhalidwe chabwino - kukonda munthu ndiye maziko a ntchito yopulumutsa;
- kutukuka kwambiri - kugwira ntchito bwino kumadalira kuthekera kolumikizana ndi anthu ambiri, nyama zina.
Agalu opulumutsa a Ministry of Emergency Situations kutengera zachilengedwe, luso logwira ntchito, ntchito imakhazikika m'malo awa:
- kusaka ndi kupulumutsa;
- kusaka kwa mapiri;
- ntchito yanga yosaka;
- fufuzani matupi;
- kupulumutsa anthu pamadzi;
- fufuzani munthu kudzera munjira yafungo.
Maluso achilengedwe ndi maluso omwe adakonzedwa munthawi yamaphunziro amayesedwa ndi mayeso apadera, omwe amayamba kuchitika ndi ana agalu kuyambira miyezi itatu.
Kupulumutsa maphunziro agalu
Makhalidwe achilengedwe a nyama amawululidwa kwathunthu pokhapokha ngati ali ndi maphunziro oyenera, njira yophunzitsira nthawi zonse. Ndizosatheka kukonza zolakwika za wophunzitsa ali mwana msinkhu wa chiweto pambuyo pake.
Ntchito yosaka ndi kupulumutsa potenga nawo mbali othandizira anayi, njira zapakhomo zophunzitsira agalu ndi imodzi mwazabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuyeserera agalu kuthana ndi zopinga, kusunthira mkati mwa mabwinja, kuchita mdima wathunthu, nyengo yovuta. Training ikuchitika mu zinthu zoyeserera za kuphulika, kusefukira kwa madzi, kutayikira mafuta, chivomerezi.
Agalu amaphunzira kunyamula zida, kukwawa, kusambira, kukhala ndi bambo m'boti, ndege, kapena helikopita. Kuumitsa nyama kumachitika pakakwera maulendo, kugona usiku wonse pabwalo. Kupulumutsa maphunziro agalu amatenga chitukuko cha luso loyang'ana pansi, kuthana ndi zopinga, kusaka malowa.
Kwa makalasi, madera osiyanasiyana okhala ndi mpumulo wosiyanasiyana amasankhidwa, katunduyo amawerengedwa kuti agalu asamagwire ntchito mopitilira muyeso, ntchito zopezera zinthu ndi fungo linalake pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zovuta.
Akatswiri azamasamba amadziwa kuti kusaka bwino kwa zinthu 1-2 zovuta kumakhala kothandiza kuposa zopezera 10-12 zosavuta. Agalu amapatsidwa mphotho pazisankho zabwino ndi zochitika zapadera kuti galu akhale wokonda komanso wolimbikira.
Zosangalatsa
Za agalu opulumutsa nthawi zambiri zimanenedwa kuti ali ngati angelo oteteza anthu munthawi ya masoka achilengedwe, momwe zimawonekera pomwe munthu agwera m'malo opanda chiyembekezo. Zimatenga pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi theka kuti muphunzitse wopulumutsa wamiyendo inayi.
Akatswiri samakana agalu chifukwa cha mtundu wawo. "Mongrel" waluso amatha kuposa mwana wagalu woyenera yemwe ali ndi mzukulu wake. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, njira yopezera munthu ndi fungo siyikumveka bwino, chifukwa chake sizotheka kusintha galu ndi chida.
Galu mmodzi wopulumutsa amalowa m'malo mwa injini zosaka 20-30. Ntchito yothandiza kwambiri imachitika mitambo ndi usiku - nyama imatenga fungo labwino. Pa tsiku limodzi logwira ntchito, galu amatha kuwona malo a 1 sq. Km.
Agalu ogwira ntchito, chifukwa cha kupsinjika, kuwonjezeka kwa chidwi, "kupuma pantchito" kale, amakhala okondedwa a eni ake, ngati amakhalabe amoyo pamavuto owopsa. Moyo wa ngwazi zamiyendo inayi ndi waufupi kuposa wam'banja lanyumba.
Palibe chisangalalo chachikulu kwa galu wofufuzira kuposa kupulumutsa munthu wamoyo. Mu 2001, kugwa kwa Twin Towers, agalu ogwira ntchito adadandaula kwambiri ndi anthu - sanapezeke amoyo. Tsoka ilo, nyamazo siziyenera kulandira mphotho, koma opulumutsidwa amalemekeza agalu onse odziwika.
Chifukwa chake, okhala ku Beslan amakumbukira a Labrador Bernie ndi wopulumutsa Alexei Bochkarev, nzika za Kazan moto utawotchedwa ku Admiral Center - m'busa waku Belgian Fartou, yemwe adalandira zilonda zamoto, koma adagwira ntchito. Agalu opulumutsa pachithunzichi akukumbutseni aliyense za zochuluka chifukwa cha moyo wamunthu. Mwinanso, izi ndi zolengedwa zokha zomwe zimakonda anthu kuposa iwo eni.
