"Kuyenda ngati gogoli" ndi mawu omwe amamveka nthawi zonse ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito polankhula ndi munthu wonyada. Nawa mabuku akale kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi N.V. Gogol alibe chochita ndi izi: mbalame ya banja la bakha idapereka moyo ku mawu akuti - gogolyemwe amayenda mutu wake utaponyedwa kumbuyo ndikuponyaponya uku ndi uku - ngati munthu wofunikira.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalame gogol Ornithologists amatchula bakha wam'madzi wakutchire, amafika kutalika kwa thupi la 46 cm ndikulemera kwa 1.1 kg, mitundu ing'onoing'ono imakhala yopitilira magalamu 450, ngakhale kulinso mbalame zomwe zimalemera 2 kg.
Mutu waukulu wamakona atatu wokhala ndi korona wosongoka ndi mlomo wakuthwa wakuthwa, wotambalala kumunsi ndikugundana kumapeto kwake, imaonekera pagulu lolimba la gogol. Nthawi yomweyo, khosi ndiloyenera kwa abakha - osati zazikulu komanso zazifupi.
Mtundu wa abakha amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndiwosiyana: munyengo yamatumba, amuna mbalame gogol pachithunzichi yang'anani ngati mwakachetechete, nthenga zakuda pamutu zimapeza ubweya wachitsulo wobiriwira, pansi pamlomo pamakhala malo oyera azizunguliro zanthawi zonse. Maso amasinthanso - iris imakhala yachikaso chowala, mtundu wa mulomo umadetsedwa.
Mimba, mbali ndi chifuwa cha mbalamezo zimakhala ndi nthenga zoyera, mapewa amakongoletsedwa ndi nthiti zosinthanitsa nthenga zakuda ndi zoyera. Kumbuyo, monga mchira, ndikuda, koma mapiko ake ndi akuda ndi abulauni. Miyendo ya lalanje imakhala ndi zotsekemera zakuda, zomwe zimathandiza mbalameyo kukhala molimba mtima pamapazi ake.
Mkazi ndi wowala pang'ono: nthenga zake sizinatchulidwe mosiyana, thupi limakhala lofiirira, kumbuyo kwake mutu ndi khosi lofiirira lokhala ndi nthenga zoyera zimaonekera. Mapiko amphongo achimuna ndi achikazi amakhala ofanana, ndipo nthawi yotentha, amuna akamataya kuwala kwa nthenga, zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa mbalame zosiyana siyana.
Mitundu
Gogol ndi mbalame yosowa komabe, mwachilengedwe pali mitundu itatu ya bakha awa, osiyana kukula kwake:
- wamba nthawi zambiri amapezeka zachilengedwe. Mtundu umasiyanitsa, umasiyana amuna ndi akazi ndipo zimadalira nyengo: mchaka chimakhala chowala kwambiri, motero chimakopa bakha. Nyengo ikakwerana, amasungunuka ndipo samasiyanitsa ndi wamkazi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, asayansi ena amasiyanitsa ma subspecies awiri a gogol wamba - waku America ndi ku Europe, powona kulemera ndi kukula kwa mulomo ngati mawonekedwe apadera. Komabe, amavomerezedwa mwalamulo kuti aganizire zakusiyanaku kokha monga momwe zinthu zakuthambo zimakhudzira, ndipo mitunduyo ndiyokha;
- yaying'ono ofanana ndi nthumwi wamba yamtunduwu, koma yaying'ono kwambiri. Msana wamphongo ndi wakuda wakuda, mimba ndi mbali zake ndizoyera chipale, zazikazi ndi zotuwa, nondescript, zokhala ndi zofiirira kumbuyo;
- Chi Icelandic zofananira ndi wamba, mbalame zamtundu wosiyana komanso zaka zakubadwa kunja kwa nyengo yokhwima sizimadziwika. Pofika kasupe, Icelander amasintha utoto: nthenga zofiirira zimawonekera pamutu, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amakona atatu amadziwika kwambiri ndi malo oyera okhala ndi m'mbali mwake. Mlomo wa lalanje umachita mdima ndikusintha bulauni yakuda.
Amuna amitundu yonse amakhala akulu kuposa akazi, ndipo mapiko a mbalame wamkulu amafika masentimita 85. Gogol amayandama bwino pamadzi ndikusambira mwachangu, koma ndi wosakhazikika pamtunda.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Gogol ndi mbalame yosamuka; kumazizira kum'mwera kapena kumwera chakumadzulo kwa malo obisalirako, amakonda gombe la nyanja kapena madzi ambiri. Koma pokonza zisa, abakha nthawi zambiri amasankha nkhalango zowoneka bwino, koma amathanso kupezeka m'minda yazomera ku Europe ndi Asia, anthu ochepa amakhala ku North America.
Gawo lakumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Europe lakhala malo okhala kwa ena mwa mitunduyo. Mtundu wa mbalame ku Iceland uli pafupi ndi mitsinje, nyanja ndi nkhalango ku Iceland ndi Greenland. Anthu ena amapezeka kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa America ndi Labrador.
Zing'onozing'ono gogol amakhala kokha kumpoto kwa kontinenti ya North America, nthawi yozizira imadutsa kumtunda makamaka kulowera ku Mexico. Amakhazikika pafupi ndi malo osungira madzi amchere, kupewa malo otseguka.
Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri kupanga chisa ndi dzenje lakale mumtengo wamtengo, chifukwa chake, pakati pa anthu wamba, ma gogols nthawi zambiri amatchedwa mabokosi achisa, koma mbalameyo sinyoza kukhazikika m'mabowo azinyama. Abakha amatha kupanga chisa pamtunda wopitilira 15 mita, koma izi zimasokoneza maphunziro a ana.
Mwachionekere wamkazi amatsikira pansi ndipo, kukhala pafupi ndi mtengowo, amaitana anapiyewo. Amphaka aang'ono amasunthira kunja kwa chisa ndikutuluka pamapiko awo, ndikufika pamphasa wofewa wa paini kapena moss.
Gogol ali ndi khalidwe laukali ndipo amaukira iwo omwe amapezeka pafupi ndi chisa. M'nyengo yokwatirana, mbalame zimalumikizana ndi kulira kwapadera, komwe nthawi zambiri kumamveka kolakwika ngati hares ikulira.
Zakudya zabwino
Bakha gogol Ndi za mbalame zodya nyama, chakudya chake chimakhala ndi anthu okhala m'madzi: nsomba zazing'ono, nkhanu, achule. Abakha samanyoza mbozi ndi nsomba mwachangu. Alenje amati nyama ya bakha imanunkhiza kwambiri nsomba ndi matope.
Mwa njira, zomalizirazo zimaphatikizidwa ndi mndandanda wazomera za gogols, komanso zomera zomwe zimakula pakuya kwakatundu ndi chimanga chodzaza madzi, chomwe mbalame imadumphira m'madzi. Bakha amatha kukhala kwa mphindi zingapo kuzama kwa 4-10 m kufunafuna chakudya, kenako amayandama pamwamba ndikudya zikondwerero.
Chakudya cholemera kwambiri ndi malo omwe nthawi zambiri amasefukira madzi - malo ochepa pagombe kapena madera oyandikira mitsinje - komwe abakha nthawi zambiri amapeza mphutsi kapena mphutsi, mbalame ndi mazira a zokwawa, mwachitsanzo, abuluzi, samapewa.
M'nyengo yophukira, gogol amadya zakudya zamasamba zochulukirapo kuposa nthawi zina zonse - motere abakha amakonzekera nyengo yachisanu pomwe chakudya chawo chidzaimiridwa ndi nkhono ndi nkhanu zokha.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Gogol amafikira kukhwima ali ndi zaka ziwiri, wamwamuna kuyambira nthawi imeneyo amayamba kufunafuna wamkazi kuti abereke. Zimapezeka m'masabata omaliza a dzinja, ndipo nthawi yachilimwe awiriwo amayamba kufunafuna malo obisalira. Ndizosangalatsa kuti zigoli zilibe ndewu pakati pa amuna ndi abakha, m'malo mwake, ma drake amakhala ngati abambo enieni ndipo "amayang'anira" akazi.
Masewera okwatirana a gogols ndi magule: yamphongo imaponya mutu wake kumbuyo ndikukweza mulomo wayo, ndikupanga phokoso lotsitsa. Kupanga machesi kumachitika pamadzi ndipo kumatsagana ndi ma splash ambiri omwe amapanga kasupe mozungulira wamphongo ndikukopa chachikazi.
Bakha amakonzekeretsa chisa chokha ndipo pambuyo pa umuna umayikira mazira 4-20 pamenepo ndikuwasamira okha: ikatha nthawi yokwanira, yamphongo imayamba kusintha mtundu wake. Bakha amateteza chisa ndi nthenga zake ndipo pansi - chifukwa chake, mazira achikazi omwe amatuluka amatha kuzindikira mosavuta pakalibe nthenga pachifuwa ndi mbali.
Mayi woyembekezera amapeza chakudya, akudzidodometsa kuti asaswe, koma osati m'masiku 10 apitawo, bakha ali mosakanikirana ndi mazira. Ndizosangalatsa kuti zazikazi ziwiri zitha kuyikira mazira pachisa chimodzi, pomwe sizimagwirizana - iliyonse imaswa mazira ake ndikutuluka mnyumbayo, ngakhale bakha wina alipo.
Nthawi yonse pakati pa umuna ndi kuwaswa kwa ankhandwe ndi mwezi, anapiye gogol kuyambira pakubadwa amakhala ndi chivundikiro chakuda ndi choyera, ndipo patatha masiku 2-3 atabadwa amayamba kuchoka pachisa ndikuyamba kuyesa kuwuluka.
Atakwanitsa sabata imodzi, mayiyo amatenga anapiye ake kupita nawo ku dziwe ndikuwaphunzitsa kuti azibira m'madzi kuti athe kupeza chakudya paokha. Anapiye a miyezi iwiri amakhala ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ndipo amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, akusunthira m'mbali mwa madzi ambiri.
Ngakhale kuti gogol ali ndi chitetezo chokwanira, ndipo anapiye awo samafa kawirikawiri chifukwa cha matenda, chiyembekezo cha moyo cha mbalamezi ndi chachidule. M'mikhalidwe yanyengo yabwino, bakha amatha kukhala zaka 6-7, koma azaka 100 ali ndi zaka 14 zalembedwa.
Zosangalatsa
- Iris wagolide wamaso a gogol, womveka bwino motsutsana ndi mtundu wamutu, adapatsa bakha, lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chingerezi, dzina lacewing wamba.
- M'zaka za m'ma 80 zapitazo, gogol adatchulidwa mu Red Book chifukwa chochepa, koma anthu ake sanasungidwe kokha, komanso adachulukitsidwa ndi kuswana m'malo opangidwa mwanzeru.
- Gogol ndi mbalame yaulere, m'minda momwe amawetera, abakha amasiyana ndi mbalame zina ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, amasintha njira yodyetsera ndi kuwasamalira, popeza mbalame sizimakonda kulowererapo kwa anthu m'miyoyo yawo, nthawi yomwe ali mu ukapolo imachepetsedwa mpaka zaka 5-7. Ndipo zomwe zili mu gogol sizingatchulidwe kuti zosavuta - amafunikira mwayi wopanda malire wamadzi, miyala yaying'ono yosalala ndi mchenga wamafuta. Abakha am'nyumba amadyetsedwa ndi nsomba zatsopano, mitundu yapadera ya buckwheat ndi balere, atanyowetsedwa m'madzi.
- Ana aang'ono aswedwa kumene amatha kudumphira pachisa, chomwe chili pamtunda wokwana mita 15, kutsatira amayi awo osavutika konse.
- Nthawi zina champhongo chimakhala pafupi ndi chisa masiku asanu ndi asanu ndi asanu mkazi atayikira mazira, amangoteteza ana amtsogolo, koma samachita nawo zoswa ndipo samabweretsa chakudya ku bakha.
Kusaka Gogol
Kawirikawiri, kusaka abakha othwera pamadzi kumayambira kugwa ndikupitilira mpaka masika, nthawi yoti mbalame ziziyambira. Komabe, gogol ndichosiyana ndi izi: nyama yake ndi yopanda tanthauzo komanso imanunkhiza nsomba, ndipo kulemera kwake pambuyo pakudula kumakhala kochepa kwambiri - nthawi zina magalamu 250-300, chifukwa chake osaka sakonda mbalameyo.
Ngati bakha wamtunduwu amadyedwa, ndiye kuti mtembo umatsukidwa kwathunthu ndi khungu ndi mafuta ochepetsa pang'ono, oviikidwa m'madzi osachepera tsiku limodzi, kenako amawotcha kapena kukazinga pamoto - msuzi wa gogol umakhala wopanda pake komanso wonenepa kwambiri. Koma pansi ndi nthenga za abakhawa ndizofunda komanso zofewa, makamaka masika, ndiye pali ena omwe amakonda kuwombera gogol.
Akazi mbalame za gogol masika kutetezedwa ku kupha - kusaka kumaloledwa kokha pamadrake, koma nkoletsedwa ngakhale kuopseza abakha, chifukwa amasungunula mazira, chifukwa chake kusunthira malo azisaka kumachitika ndi mfuti yosalala.
Nthawi zambiri, abakha onyenga amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusaka gogol - amakopa amphongo omwe amatuluka munthawi ya bango ndikubwera kumalo owonera alenje omwe ali m'mabwato pafupi ndi khwawa.
Mwa Asilavo akale, gogol rut amawerengedwa ngati mtundu wapadera wausodzi - umakhala ndi kusonkhanitsa pansi ndi mazira m'malo obisalamo akazi. Mazirawo ndi akulu, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma yolks awiri ndipo amatha kudya, komabe akatswiri azakudya samalimbikitsa kuti adye chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo kochuluka.
Bakha wokongola kwambiri wamtundu wa Gogol nthawi zonse amakhala wosangalatsa kwa akatswiri odziwa zamankhwala, machitidwe ake opsa mtima moyandikira oyandikana nawo komanso mawonekedwe ena amadzimadzi amasintha mwa amuna amakopa ochita kafukufuku.
Nthawi ina m'mbuyomu, chifukwa chakudziwika kwa mbalame zamtunduwu, zatsala pang'ono kutha, komabe, mogwirizana ndi kuyesayesa kwa asayansi ochokera kumayiko a CIS, zidatheka kubwezeretsanso anthu a gogol. Ku Belarus, mu 2016, bakha uyu adalandira mphotho m'gulu la "Mbalame Yapachaka", pamwambowu zidaperekedwa masitampu ndipo ndalama zachikumbutso zomwe zidapangidwa ndi chithunzi cha gogol zidapangidwa, ndipo kusaka iye kunali kochepa.
