Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame zamphamvu kwambiri. Malinga ndi nthano, iye amafanizidwa ndi mulungu. Amakhulupirira kuti ngati chiwombankhanga chitha kuwuluka pagulu lankhondo, ndiye kuti ankhondo awa apambana nkhondoyi. Ku Syria, chiwombankhanga chimajambulidwa ndi manja amunthu, ndipo amakhulupirira kuti amatha kutsogolera mizimu ya akufa kudziko lina.
Panalinso chikhalidwe malinga ndi momwe mbalameyi idapatsira mtembo wa wakufayo kuti idyedwe. Anthu akale amakhulupirira kuti mzimu wa womwalirayo uli m'chiwindi, ndipo panthawi yomwe chiwombankhanga chimaswetsa, mzimuwo umadutsa mbalame ndikupitilizabe kukhala ndi moyo. Mphungu ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru, kuwoneratu zam'mbuyo komanso kulimba mtima. Izi zitha kutsimikiziridwa poyang'ana chithunzi cha mbalame ya chiwombankhanga.
Ziwombankhanga ndi malo okhala
Ziwombankhanga zili ndi matupi akulu, mapiko akulu akulu. Mbalamezi zimakhala ndi milomo ikuluikulu komanso miyendo yolimba yokhala ndi zikhadabo zozungulira. Zimauluka kwambiri, kutsata wovulalayo mosavuta chifukwa cha kuwona kwawo. Mwambiri, osati chifukwa cha masomphenya, koma chifukwa chakuti mbalameyi ili ndi khosi lotukuka kwambiri. Koma mphamvu ya kununkhira ndiyabwino kwambiri.
Akazi nthawi zonse amakhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa amuna. Pafupifupi ziwombankhanga zonse ndizazikulu kwambiri, mpaka 6 kg. Amakhala m'mapiri, nkhalango ndi mapiri, kutengera mitundu. Amakonda kukhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri. Asanu ndi awiri mwa makumi atatu amakhala ku Russia. Mbalame ya mphungu yonyada - aliyense akunena izi, ndipo mbalameyi ili ndi ngongole ya moyo wake. Mbalame sizikhala m'malo okhala anthu ambiri.
Mitundu ya mphungu
Amatha kukhala m'mapiri komanso kukhala mbalame zamapiri zomwe zimakhala m'mapiri. Berkut ndiye ambiri mbalame yayikulu ya mphungu, kulemera kwake kumafika 6 kg. Mapiko a mbalamezi amafika mamita atatu. Chifukwa cha mapiko ake, mbalameyi imatha kuuluka m'mwamba kwa maola ambiri, ndipo ikaona mbalameyi, imasunthira kumene ikulowera.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame yagolide ya mphungu
Mtundu wake ndi bulauni yakuda, milomo imakhala yofanana ndi ziwombankhanga. Mtundu uwu uli ndi mchira wautali kwambiri kuposa mbalame zonse. Kulira kwa chiwombankhanga chagolide ndichikhalidwe cha mitundu yonse yabanja. Amasaka nthawi yamasana, amadya agologolo, martens ndi mbalame. Ziwombankhanga za golide zimapezeka ku Africa, America ndi Eurasia. Amakhala pafupifupi madera onse, kuphatikizapo mapiri ndi mapiri.
Amakhala pamwamba (mitengo ndi miyala), zisa zimapezeka patali, chifukwa zimakhala ndi malo osakira nyama. Zazikazi zimaikira mazira osapitilira awiri, koma makolo onsewa amadyetsa anapiye.
Wamng'ono kwambiri mwa mitundu iyi ya mbalame ndi chiwombankhanga cha pygmy. Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi kusamuka, imakonda Asia, Africa ndi kumwera kwa Russia. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Alibenso kusiyanasiyana pakulongosola.
Kujambulidwa ndi chiwombankhanga chaching'ono
Kulongosola kwa mbalame za chiwombankhangakamtengo: - thupi lokhazikika; - gawo lakumunsi la thupi ndi mchira zili ndi nthenga zoyera; - kuwuluka kwa mtundu wakuda; - paws ndi achikasu, ndi zikhadabo zakuda; - Mlomo wa mbalame ya mphunguyaing'ono, yokhota kumapeto mwamphamvu.
Steppe mphungu mbalame wokongola komanso waulemu. Pali kufanana ndi chiwombankhanga chagolide, koma ndi chocheperako pang'ono. Mbalameyi imakonda malo otseguka, ndichifukwa chake imakhala m'minda ndi m'mapiri, ndikusaka kumeneko - mtunduwo ndi wakuda; - ndi malo ofiira ofiira; - mlomo uli pafupifupi wakuda; - paws ndi chikasu chowala; Amakhala ku Asia.
Mu chithunzi, chiwombankhanga
Zazikulu mbalame yolusa mphungu manda. Mbalameyi imatha kukhala kumwera komanso kumpoto (kusamukasamuka). Mtundu wa thupi ndi bulauni yakuda, mutu ndi khosi ndizachikasu. Mchira ndi bulauni, monochromatic. Ndimauluka awiriawiri kapena ndekha. Kukula m'mwamba pang'onopang'ono. Kutalika kwa mapiko kumapitilira theka la mita.
Pachithunzichi pali kuyikidwa m'manda kwa mphungu
Mphungu ndi mbalame yodya nyama. Mtundu uwu mbalame zamphungu kuchokera zoyera mutu. Mbalameyi ndi chizindikiro cha America. Nthenga zonse ndizofiirira kupatula pamutu ndi mchira. Mlomo ndi miyendo ndi zachikasu. Palibe nthenga pamapazi.
Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumafika pa 2 mpaka 7 kg. Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kufika 100 cm Imadyetsa makamaka nsomba. Mbalameyi imadumphira pamadzi ndipo imagwira nyama yake ndi zikhadabo. Nthawi yonse yomwe chiwombankhanga chimakhala ndi moyo zaka 20 mpaka 30.
Pachithunzicho pali mphungu yamphongo
Mbalame ya Osprey - amakhala kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa hemispheres. Kutalika kumafika 50-60 cm, mapiko ake amapitilira 1.5 mita. Si mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya mphungu zazikulu, zolemera mpaka 2 kg. Mapikowo ndi aatali komanso a bulauni. Mawondo ndi milomo ndi yakuda. Mkazi amaikira mazira anayi. Osprey amakhala zaka pafupifupi 10.
Pachithunzicho pali mbalame yotchedwa osprey
Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wa mphungu
Ziwombankhanga ndi mbalame zokhazokha, zomwe zimatha kusankha bwenzi limodzi moyo wawo wonse. Nthawi zambiri amakhala awiriawiri. Kuti adzipezere chakudya cha iwo eni ndi ana awo, amatha kuyendayenda kwa maola ambiri kumwamba, kufunafuna nyama. Powona wovulalayo, imathamanga mofulumira, mphungu yamphamvu mbalame chifukwa chake imaluma mosavuta nyama, n kuiphimba ndi mlomo wake.
Nyama zazikulu zazikulu (nkhandwe, mimbulu, agwape), nyama zazing'ono (hares, gophers) ndipo, zowonadi, mbalame zina ndi nsomba zimatha kukhala mbalame. Ngati kusaka sikubweretsa zotsatira kwa nthawi yayitali, chiwombankhanga chimatha kudya nyama yakufa.
Amasaka pamtunda ndi m'madzi. Pogwira nyama, mbalameyi imayesetsa kudya nthawi yomweyo, pokhapokha ngati pakufunika kudyetsa anapiye. Mitundu ina imapha njoka zaululu kwambiri. Pambuyo pa nkhomaliro, imatenga madzi ambiri ndikutsuka bwino nthenga zake kwanthawi yayitali.
Mwambiri, zimatenga kanthawi pang'ono kusaka, miyoyo yawo yambiri ziombankhanga zimagwira ntchito pakuwona zonse zomwe zimachitika mozungulira. Kuphatikiza apo, safunikira kusaka tsiku lililonse, chifukwa amatha kusunga chakudya mu chotupa kwa masiku angapo.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kukula msinkhu mbalame kumachitika zaka 4-5. Kawirikawiri ziwombankhanga zimakhala pa tchire kapena mitengo, nthawi zina pamiyala - izi zimakhudza mbalame za ziwombankhanga zamapiri. Onse awiri akuchita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa, koma wamkazi yekha ndiye amachita khama kwambiri pomanga. Zisa izi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zingapo.
Nthawi zina mbalame zimagwira zisa za anthu ena (mphamba, akhwangwala). Akazi amaikira mazira kamodzi pachaka, kuchuluka kwawo nthawi zina kumafika katatu. Kutengera mtundu wa chiwombankhanga, zimaswa mazira m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ataswa, anapiyewo anayamba kumenyana nthawi yomweyo.
- Olemba manda ndi makolo abwino, kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka, makolo onse amasinthana kukhala mazira. Mphungu zimakonda kumenya nkhondo, choncho ofooka nthawi zonse amafa chifukwa chomenyedwa. Pakatha miyezi itatu, anapiyewo amaphunzitsidwa kuuluka, ndipo pofika nthawi yozizira ayenera kukhala atakonzeka ulendo wautali.
- Chiwombankhanga chisa pansi, ndikumanga nyumba kuchokera panthambi. Mazira amatenthetsedwa ndi akazi, ndipo amuna amatengera chakudya ku nkhuku. Amuna samasamala za akazi, choncho nthawi zina amayenera kuponya mazira ndikusaka yekha. Koma nthawi yomweyo, amaonabe mazira kuti ndi otetezeka.
Koma kwa anapiye, makolo onse amawoneka chimodzimodzi. - Chiwombankhanga chotentha chimasanganitsa dzira limodzi. Imapanga chisa mita 10-30 kuchokera pansi. Amadyetsa anapiye kwa miyezi iwiri. Mbalame zimakhala zaka 30, ndipo zina zimakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 45.
Mbalame yakutchire mphungu chodabwitsa chosowa. Ngati pali chikhumbo mugule mphungu, muyenera kutenga ndi mwana wankhuku. Wamkulu, wazolowera ufulu, sangathe kukhala mwamtendere mu ukapolo. Kuti mwana wankhuku akule wamphamvu kunyumba, m'pofunika kudyetsa moyenera. Ndi bwino kukhala ndi nyama yopanda mafuta, china chilichonse kupatula nkhumba. Mpaka miyezi iwiri, ayenera kudyetsedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi patsiku.
Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti payenera kukhala nthawi yokwanira yophunzitsira mphungu kuwuluka. Ayenera kuwuluka osachepera ola limodzi patsiku. Ndipo samamasulidwa pakufuna kwake, apo ayi amwalira. Kuphatikiza apo, mbalameyi siumauma kwenikweni, zimatenga nthawi yambiri kuti iphunzitsidwe.
Chiwombankhanga ndi mbalame yabwino kwambiri komanso yopambana. Zitha kuwoneka pa mikono ya St. Petersburg, ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa mbalame chiani mphungu chizindikiro chodabwitsa choyimira mphamvu yamzindawu.
