Pakati pa zokwawa zonse, akamba amaima padera. Palibe kalasi yomwe yatchulayi yomwe ili ndi kapangidwe kosangalatsa - chipolopolo cholimba, ndipo thupi latsekedwa mkati. Chifukwa chiyani chilengedwe chidabwera ndi izi, titha kuganiza. Iwo akhala moyo kuyambira nthawi zakale, zotsalira zakale za akamba zitha kupezeka zaka pafupifupi 220 miliyoni.
Mwachidziwikire, amayenera kukumana ndi zovuta zambiri kuchokera kumlengalenga kapena m'madzi. Ndiponso kubisala kwa adani akulu. Chigoba choteteza chasinthidwa kwazaka mamiliyoni ambiri kukhala zikuto ziwiri zodalirika kumbuyo ndi pamimba. Ntchito yomanga mwanzeru komanso yolimba, ndichifukwa chake adapulumuka, mosiyana ndi nyama zambiri zomwe zinatha nthawi imeneyo.
Lingaliro lachi Russia "kamba" limachokera ku mawu oti "crock", chinthu chopangidwa ndi dongo lolimba. Ndipo Chilatini "Testudo" sichiri patali tanthauzo, chimachokera ku liwu loti "testo", lomasuliridwa kuti limamveka ngati "njerwa, matailosi kapena chotengera chadothi."
Mwa mitundu yonse yamabanja, genera ndi mitundu, anthu okhala m'madzi am'madzi ndiosangalatsa kwambiri, chifukwa ndi chizindikiro chachilengedwe komanso cholengedwa cham'madzi. Cholengedwa chotere Kamba wam'madzi (Latin Emys) - kholo la zokwawa kuchokera akamba American madzi oyera.
Izi ndi akamba omwe asankha malo am'madzi kuti azikhalamo, koma amakhala nthawi yayitali panthaka yolimba. Chimodzi mwazomwe timazizindikira kwambiri, mmoyo wathu komanso kunja kwake, ndi Kamba wamadzi waku Europe Emys orbicularis kapena Emida waku Europe... Kuchokera pachilankhulo chachi Latin, dzina lake limamasuliridwa kuti "kamba wozungulira". "Bolotnaya" - dzina lachi Russia, losankhidwa chifukwa cha biotope yake - malo achilengedwe.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mawu omwe tikufunikira pofotokozera omwe amakhala m'madzi ndi - carapace ndi plastron. Carapax amatanthauza chophimba cholimba kumbuyo kwa kamba. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira komanso ozungulira, olimba kwambiri, ndi minofu yothina, ndipo pansi pake pali fupa. Pulasitiki - chophimba chomwecho, pamimba pokha, komanso chofafaniza.
Ku European Emida, carapace nthawi zambiri imawoneka ngati chowulungika, chosasunthika pang'ono, chonyezimira. Iye, monga akamba onse, amalumikizidwa pulasitala Mitsempha yosinthika yomwe imawalumikiza pamodzi. Bokosi loteteza ndi lokonzeka, pamwamba ndi pansi ndilolimba kwambiri, mbali zake ndizotseguka.
Sikovuta kwambiri kuti iwo azikhala ochepa nthawi zonse, koma azolowera, ndipo amalipira izi ndi kuyenda kwakukulu kwa khosi, komwe kumatha kupindika ngati chosokonekera mosiyanasiyana. Mwa achinyamata, scutellum wapamwamba ndizowoneka mozungulira, ndikukula kochepa ngati "keel" pafupi ndi mchira
Mchira wa Emida ndiwotalika, nthawi zambiri umakhala ¾ kukula kwa chipolopolocho, ndipo kwa achichepere mchirawo ndiwotalikirapo kwambiri poyerekeza ndi chipolopolocho. Imakhala ngati "chiwongolero" posambira.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zala zisanu, yakumbuyo ili ndi inayi, ndipo pali timing'alu tating'onoting'ono pakati pawo. Zala zonse zili ndi zikhadabo zazikulu. Heroine wathu amakhala pafupifupi kukula. Chikopa chambuyo chimafika masentimita 35. Nyamayo imalemera pafupifupi 1.5 kg.
Mtundu wa carapace ndiwosiyana, mitundu yonse yamadambo, kuchokera kubiriwira ndi utoto wakuda mpaka bulauni wobiriwira. Malo okhalamo amatengera mtundu wodzibisa. Kwa ena, kumatha kukhala kwamdima kwakuda. Zowonjezera, mtunduwo umalumikizidwa ndi msinkhu komanso zizolowezi zakadyedwe.
Mitsinje yachikasu ndi mabanga amwazikana ponseponse. Scutellum pamimba ndiyopepuka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ocher (wachikaso) kapena wakuda pang'ono, wokutidwa ndimakala amakala. Ziwalo zonse za thupi - zikopa, mchira ndi mutu ndi khosi, zimakhala ndi chinyezi chakuda ndi ziphuphu za mabakiteriya ndi zikwapu.
Maso a mtundu wanthawi zonse wa amber wa chokwawa, komabe, amatha kukhala lalanje, komanso wofiira. Nsagwada ndizolimba komanso zosalala, palibe "mlomo". Kamba wam'madzi pachithunzichi chikuwoneka ngati chifuwa chaching'ono cha mafupa.
Ndi yaying'ono, "chivindikiro" chowulungika ndi chojambula bwino "chachikale". Komanso, emida adabisala mu "nyumba" yake, palibe zopindika kapena mutu zomwe sizimawoneka - samawoneka ngati cholengedwa chamoyo, makamaka ngati bokosi lakale kapena mwala waukulu.
Mitundu
Akamba ndi nyama zakale zomwe zakhala padziko lapansi kwanthawi yayitali. Zikuwonekeratu kuti ali ndi maubale ambiri pabanja. Mtengo waukulu "banja". Kuti mudziwe yemwe heroine wathu ali ndi achibale, muyenera kukumba mpaka mibadwo itatu - "agogo ndi agogo aamuna". Mwanjira ina, yambani ndi banja.
Wachimereka akamba amchere, kubanja lomwe kukongola kwathu kumakhalako, kale amatchedwa madzi amchere. Mpaka atapatukana ndi "banja" Chaku Asia madzi oyera pakusiyanako: ma gland awo amakhala ndi timadontho m'mapiko ena am'mbali (mgawo lachitatu ndi lachisanu ndi chiwiri), komanso kutalika kwazigawo khumi ndi ziwiri.
Oimira banjali amapezeka mumitundu yayikulu - kuyambira masentimita 10 mpaka 80. Pali mibadwo 20, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu 72. Ambiri mwa iwo m'madzi, batagura, omveka... Ku USSR yakale, banja laling'ono linayimiriridwa ndi Akamba a ku Caspiantikukhala ku Turkmenistan, Transcaucasia ndi Dagestan.
Banja linachoka pambuyo pa gawoli Akamba aku America Emydidae anaphatikiza mibadwo 11, kuphatikizapo mitundu 51. Yaikulu kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo - humpback, zokongoletsedwa, bokosi, trachemus, ndi Emys akamba... Ndi ochepa kukula, ena mwa iwo ndi owala komanso mitundu yachilendo. Chigawo chachikulu chimachokera ku America, koma pali anthu omwe amakhala kumadera ena adziko lapansi.
Mtundu wa Emys - pali chitsanzo cha ku Eurasia. Mtunduwu tsopano wagawidwa m'magulu awiri: Emys orbicularis - Kamba wamadzi waku Europe, ndipo Zamgululi Ndi mitundu yomwe yangotchulidwa kumene ku Sicilian mu 2015. Chifukwa chake tidayandikira kwa heroine wathu. Emys orbicularis imagwirizanitsa ma subspecies 16 ophatikizidwa m'magulu asanu. Mitundu yotsatirayi imapezeka ku Russia:
- Colchis Kamba wam'madzi, amakhala kudera la Black Sea ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Transcaucasus, komanso kum'mawa kwa Turkey. Ali ndi carapace mpaka 16.5 cm kukula, ndi mutu wawung'ono;
- Kurinskaya - amakhala ku Caucasus komanso m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Caspian. Carapace pafupifupi 18 cm;
- Iberia - Zolemba adakhazikika ku Dagestan, m'chigwa cha mtsinje wa Kura.
- Kum'mawa kwa Mediterranean anasankha kumwera kwa Crimea, chapamwamba carapace chimateteza mpaka 19 cm.
- Maganizo osankhidwa Emys orbicularis orbicularis... Ku Russian Federation, malo okhala amayenda kuchokera kumadera akumadzulo kudutsa pakati mpaka kum'mawa kwa Asia, carapace ili pafupifupi masentimita 23 kapena kupitilira apo.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kamba wam'madzi umakhala kulikonse ku Europe, kupatula madera akumadzulo, komanso ku Central Asia. Amayimiridwa kwambiri ku Balkan Peninsula (Albania, Bosnia, Dalmatia) komanso ku Italy. Wokhala m'madzi wamba kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Germany.
Mitunduyi mungapeze kumpoto kwa Africa, komanso m'chigawo cha mapiri a Caucasus komanso pafupi ndi malire akumadzulo a Russia. Nthawi zambiri imapezeka kumadera akumwera komanso m'chigawo chapakati cha Russian Federation. M'nthawi yamakedzana, idakhazikika kwambiri patsamba la Europe yamakono, m'malo ena ndipo tsopano mutha kupeza anthu obwereranso.
Malo omwe amamudziwa bwino ndi nkhalango, zitunda, mapiri. Nthawi zambiri, koma amatha kukhala mumzinda kapena kumzinda wina. Amatha "kukwera" mapiri mpaka 1400 m kutalika, ndipo a Moroccans awona ngakhale atakwera - pa 1700 m kumapiri.
Amakonda madamu osasunthika, mitsinje yodekha ndi madambo. Amasambira msanga m'madzi, motero imagwira mosavuta nyama yomwe angafune. Sitha kukwera kumtunda kwa nthawi yayitali.
Zoyeserera zidachitika zomwe zidawonetsa kuti Emida anali wopanda kuyeserera kwa pafupifupi masiku awiri m'malo osungidwa kwathunthu ndi kutentha kwa madzi kwa 18 ° C. Komabe, mwachilengedwe, imatulukirabe pafupifupi kotala lililonse la ola kuti ipume.
Atakhala pansi, kamba wa ku Ulaya ndi wosakhazikika ndipo amakwawa pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, adakali wovuta kwambiri kuposa abale ake akumunda. Mphamvu ndi ntchito zake zimawonetsedwa masana. Chokwawa chimasaka, komanso nthawi zina chimapita kokasangalala ndi dzuwa, nthawi ndi nthawi kumadzilowereranso posungira kuti chizizire.
Khalidwe ili limatchedwa chithandizo cha thermoregulation. Komanso, chinyama chimakhala chosamala kwambiri, kuyesera kuti chisasunthike patali ndi madzi. Pozindikira kuwopsa, imathamangira kulowa m'malo opulumuka m'madzi kapena kudzikwirira ndi matope. Pakangobisa mazira, emida imatha kuchoka pamadzi pafupifupi mamitala 500. Ku Turkmenistan, adawonedwa makilomita 7-8 kuchokera pamadzi, koma izi ndizosiyana ndi lamuloli.
Ponena za luntha ndi luntha, pali zowonera kuti zolengedwa izi ndizophunzitsidwa bwino, zanzeru komanso kusamala. Ndipo osati wopusa kwambiri kuposa abale ena. Ndipo ali mu ukapolo, amasintha msanga ndikukhala ofatsa.
Nthawi yozizira kwambiri, amaundana, kubisala, kubisala m'nthaka kapena pansi. Mwa njira, nthawi zina amachita izi nthawi yachilala. Nthawi zambiri, nyengo yozizira imayamba kumapeto kwa Okutobala, koma nthawi yotentha imatha kubwera pambuyo pake, ndipo nthawi zina imaletsedwa.
Zakudya zabwino
Zatchulidwa kale kuti kamba imathamanga kwambiri m'madzi. Imagwira nyongolotsi ndi tizilombo, achule ndi nsomba, ndipo omalizawo amaluma koyamba pa chikhodzodzo. Kenako amaitaya, ndipo imangoyandama pamadzi. Chifukwa chake mutha kudziwa ngati akamba amakhala m'dziwe kapena mumtsinje.
Mukawona thovu la nsomba pamadzi, dziwani kuti emida amapezeka pamenepo. Amaganiziridwa kale kuti anali osaka usiku. Komabe, chokwawa chimapuma usiku, chimagona pansi pamadzi. Ndipo m'mawa amapita kukasaka, ndipo amachita izi tsiku lonse, kupatula nthawi yochepa.
Iye samakana molluscs, crustaceans, dragonflies ndi mphutsi za udzudzu. Mu steppes iye agwire dzombe, m'nkhalango - centipedes ndi kafadala. Imagunda tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono, njoka zazing'ono ndi anapiye apamadzi. Iye sananyoze zakufa, kudya mitembo ya nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame.
Choncho nsomba si chakudya chake chachikulu. Choyambirira ndi "nyama" zopangidwa. Chifukwa chake, mantha kuti akamba am'madzi akuwononga maiwe am'madzi mwa kugwira nsomba zonse ndizolakwika. Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti, makamaka, kuyesa kusaka nsomba zathanzi ndi emida kwalephera, nyamayo idatha kuthawa msaki.
Zachidziwikire, ngati chokwawa chathu chikafika m'malo okhala ambiri am'madzi, mwayi wakugwidwa bwino ungakwere. Zinyama, kamba imachita gawo lofunikira monga mwadongosolo mosungira mbadwa, chifukwa zimawononga zovunda, komanso woweta, chifukwa zimatha kugwira wofooka komanso wodwala yekha.
Ndi nyama yolandidwa, imapita pansi pomwepo ndipo imachitika nayo. Misozi ikuluikulu ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa. Zomera sizofunikira pazosankha. Amatha kutafuna ndere ndi zamkati mwa masamba ena, koma ndizowonjezera pazakudya zazikulu "zanyama".
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Chibadwa chofuna kupitiriza ana chimadza kwa iwo ali ndi zaka 5-9, ndipamene akamba amakula. Nyengo yakukwatira imayamba nthawi yomweyo itadzuka bwino kuchokera ku nthawi yozizira. Izi sizimachitika kulikonse nthawi imodzi, koma zimadalira nyengo yam'madera. M'madera athu ofunda - Epulo-Meyi.
Pakadali pano, mpweya umafunda mpaka + 14º С, ndipo madzi - mpaka + 10º С Mwambowu ukhoza kuchitika m'madzi komanso pansi. Ngati pakadali pano ali m'madzi osaya, ndiye kuti misana yamphongo imawoneka, yomwe imakwera pamwamba padziwe, koma chachikazi sichimawoneka, panthawiyi ili pansi pake pamadzi.
Njirayi imatenga mphindi 5-10. Nthawi zambiri mazira amaikidwa pafupi ndi dera lawo lamadzi. Koma palinso zosiyana. Makamba makamaka osakhazikika, kuti apeze malo ochepetsa ana amtsogolo, pitani kutali ndi kwawo. M'madera ofunda, mkazi amakwanitsa kupanga zinthu zitatu nthawi iliyonse, m'malo ozizira - 1-2.
Kuikira mazira, kholo limakumba bowo mpaka 17 cm kwa maola 1-2, ndikugwira ntchito ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo. Maonekedwe a kupsinjika uku amafanana ndi botolo lokhala ndi masentimita 13 pansi ndi khosi mpaka masentimita 7. Amakonzeranso malo obowoloka pasadakhale, ndikuchotsa malo ena pang'ono ndi zikoko ndi mutu wake wakutsogolo.
Mazira amatuluka pang'onopang'ono, mazira 3-4 pafupifupi mphindi zisanu zilizonse. Chiwerengero cha mazira ndiosiyana, mpaka zidutswa 19, ali ndi chipolopolo choyera choyera. Amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a kutalika kotalika kuyambira 2.8 * 1.2 mpaka 3.9 * 2.1 masentimita, ndikulemera magalamu 7-8. Kupatula apo, wamkazi amabisa dzenje ndikuyang'ana pansi pamwamba pake ndi mimba yake, ngati bulldozer, kuphimba malo okhala.
Nthawi yokwanira imatenga masiku 60 mpaka 110, kutengera nyengo yachigawochi. Akamba omwe aswedwa samayesetsa kufikira pomwepo. M'malo mwake, amaikidwa m'manda ozama, obisala pansi ndipo amabadwa masika okha. Zowona, pali ma daredevils omwe komabe amatuluka ndikutsetsereka mosungira. Kenako amakhala m'nyengo yozizira m'madzi.
Makanda onse ali ndi mtundu wakuda kwambiri, pafupi ndi wakuda, kokha m'malo opepuka. Ali ndi yolk sac pamimba pawo, chifukwa chomwe amadyetsa nthawi yonse yozizira. Kukula kwawo kwa carapace kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 2.5, kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi magalamu 5. Zisa za akamba zimawonongedwa nthawi zonse ndi zilombo zonse zomwe zimatha kuzifikira.
Mazira a Kuguba chokoma, nkhandwe, otter, khwangwala samanyansidwa ndikudya nawo. Ndi zaka zingati zolengedwa zomwe zimakhala m'chilengedwe sizinakhazikitsidwe bwino, koma mu terrariums zaka zawo zachizolowezi zimakhala zaka 25 kapena 30. Panali milandu pomwe a Emids, poyang'aniridwa mosamala, amakhala zaka 90, ndipo mpaka zaka 100, ndipo kumwera kwa France, m'munda umodzi wamaluwa, zaka za 120 zidalembedwa.
Kamba wam'madzi kunyumba
Nthawi zambiri, okonda nyama amasangalala kwambiri ndi zomwe ali nazo Kamba wam'madzi kunyumba. Sakhala wopanda pake, amakhala nthawi yayitali, alibe ziwengo komanso kusokonezeka mnyumba. Ndipo samangokhalira kukwapula, kulira, kulira mwambiri, samapanga phokoso. Chitsanzo chabwino cha chiweto.
Ngati mungaganize zoyambitsa munthu wamkulu panyumba, muyenera kukhala ndi malo osungira madzi okwanira 150-200 malita okhala ndi shelufu yolumikizidwa komanso chilumba chopangidwa ndi miyala chomwe chimatsanzira "nthaka". Zikanakhala bwino ngati madzi ndi nthaka zinali pafupifupi magawo ofanana, mwachitsanzo, pakuwerengera 1: 1 kapena 2: 1.
Osapanga kuya kupitirira masentimita 10-20, sakonda matupi akulu. Madzi amayenera kusefedwa ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi. Konzani nyali yotentha yakumaloko pamwamba pa "chilumba". Masana, kutentha pansi pa nyali kumasungidwa kuyambira + 28 mpaka + 32 ° C, komanso m'madzi kuyambira + 18 mpaka + 25 ° C. Kutentha sikofunikira usiku.
Kusamalira kamba imathandizira kupezeka kwa nyali ya ultraviolet yokhala ndi cheza chaching'ono chotetezeka. Iyenera kuyatsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Izi ndizofunikira kulimbitsa mafupa ndi chipolopolo.
Popanda nyali ya UV, chokwawa chimalandira vitamini D wosakwanira, sichitha kuyamwa kashiamu. Chifukwa cha ichi, chimayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono, chipolopolocho chimayamba kusakhazikika, chiweto chanu chili pachiwopsezo chodwala. Kuphatikiza apo, Emida ndiye wolandila mitundu yambiri yamatenda. Kuwala kwa UV kumathandizira kuteteza thanzi lake.
Kumbukirani kuphimba dziwe ndi chivindikiro. "Makanda" awa ndiwothandiza kwambiri, amakwera bwino ndipo amatha kuthawa. Zomera ndi dothi mu chidebe ndizosankha. Akamba achikulire amadzula mbewu, koma achichepere okha sangathe kuwononga zokolola. Akamba amakhala mokha padera komanso kampani yomwe ili ndi mitundu ina yosakhala yankhanza.
Zomwe mungadyetse akamba am'madzi Zosavuta kumva ngati mukukumbukira zomwe amadya kuthengo. Sankhani nsomba zazing'ono zam'mtsinje kapena za m'nyanja kuti muzidyetsa, pamadzi ndi mavuvi ndi nkhono. Mutha kumupatsa tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tosiyanasiyana ta mitundu yazakudya - njoka ndi mphemvu.
Zingakhale bwino nthawi zina kuwaponyera chule ndi mbewa kuti adye, koma mutha kuzisinthanitsa ndi nyama ndi nyama. Gulani chakudya chapadera cha akamba pa sitolo yogulitsa ziweto, kapena amphaka kapena agalu. Dyetsani kukula kwakang'ono ndi mphutsi za udzudzu (magazi a mphutsi), crustacean gammarus, daphnia yayikulu, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Nthawi zina mumayenera kuwonjezera michere pachakudya chanu - kaloti wokazinga, kabichi, letesi, zidutswa za nthochi. Akuluakulu amadyetsedwa 2-3 pa sabata, achinyamata - tsiku lililonse, kenako ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono pakati pakudyetsa. Onetsetsani kuti mumapereka chakudya chamchere kwa zokwawa zanu.
Emidi amatha kubala mu ukapolo. Mukungoyenera kuwona kusintha kwa nyengo. Amafuna nthawi yopuma - nyengo yachisanu. Poyamba, amasiya kuwadyetsa kuti apumitse m'mimba ndikuyeretsa matumbo. Nthawi yomweyo, amayamba kuchepa masana ndi kutentha mpaka + 8-10 ºС.
Pakadutsa milungu inayi, kukonzekera kumalizidwa ndipo kamba adzagona kwa miyezi iwiri. Kuyambira hibernation, nayenso, amachotsedwa bwino. Ngati kamba sakonzekera kuberekana, kapena ikudwala, siyenera kutha tulo.
Nyamayo nthawi zambiri imazolowera munthu, imamuzindikira, imachita nawo mwambo wodyetsa, imatha kusambira mpaka kumapeto kwa chakudya ndi chidutswa cha chakudya. Sali aukali kwambiri, koma muyenera kusamala kuti musamuvulaze mwangozi. Kenako amatha kuluma kwambiri. Kuluma kwawo kumakhala kopweteka, koma kotetezeka.
Momwe mungadziwire jenda la kamba wam'madzi
Ambiri amasangalatsidwa ndi funso la momwe angadziwire kamba yam'madzi... Mutha kudziwa kugonana kwa kamba wazaka 6-8 wokhala ndi chipolopolo kutalika kwa masentimita 10. Ndi bwino ngati mutayika zitsanzo zingapo pafupi kuti muziyerekeza. Kumbukirani zizindikiro:
- "Okwera pamahatchi" amasiyana ndi "azimayi" ndi pulasitron wonyezimira pang'ono, kupatula apo, mchira wawo ndi wautali komanso wolimba;
- mu "amuna" zikhadabo pa miyendo yakutsogolo ndizitali;
- carapace yamwamuna, poyerekeza ndi yachikazi, imawoneka yopapatiza komanso yolitali;
- chovala chojambulidwa ndi nyenyezi (dzenje) mu "msungwanayo" chili pafupi ndi m'mphepete mwa carapace kuposa "mnyamatayo", ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wa kotenga nthawi, womwe uli m'mphepete mwa chipolopolo ndi masentimita 2-3;
- kumapeto kwa pulasitron kumapeto kwa "amuna" kuli kofanana ndi V, mwa "akazi" kumakhala kozungulira ndi bowo lalikulu;
- zazikazi zimakhala mosabisa, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsekemera, ngati "mimba".
Ndipo apa "azimayi" amawoneka ozungulira komanso osangalatsa kwambiri!
Zosangalatsa
- Akamba amaopa zodabwitsa, nthawi zonse amafuna kubisala mu madzi opulumutsa, nthawi zina ngakhale pachiwopsezo cha miyoyo yawo. Ku Caucasus, akamba adawonedwa akudumpha kuchokera kutalika kwa mita zitatu kulowa m'madzi mwamantha.
- Akamba ali ndi mphamvu yakununkhiza. Iwo mwamsanga anapeza zidutswa za nyama zitakulungidwa mu pepala m’madzi.
- Umuna wamwamuna umasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri; umatha kusungidwa m'thupi la mkazi pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Chifukwa chake, emida amatha kuikira mazira mosayembekezeka patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Musadabwe, ichi si chozizwitsa, choyambitsa umuna changogwira ntchito.
- Mu 2013, mu Zoological Museum ya University of Dnipropetrovsk Agrarian, akamba angapo am'madzi amaswa m'mazira omwe amasungidwa m'mashelefu monga ziwonetsero. Sizikudziwika bwinobwino kuti adapulumuka bwanji m'malo opatulirawa. Chochitikachi chikuwoneka ngati chozizwitsa chaching'ono.
- Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, akamba, magawano ogonana amadalira kutentha kozungulira - ngati makulitsidwe amachitika pakatentha kuposa + 30 ° C, "atsikana" okha ndi omwe amatuluka m'mazira, ndipo pansi pa + 27 ° C, "anyamata" okha ndi omwe amawoneka. Pakati pa manambalawa, pali kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.
- M'zaka za m'ma Middle Ages ku Ulaya, akamba amaonedwa kuti ndi chakudya chabwino ndipo nthawi zambiri ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya. Tchalitchicho chinkati nyama yawo ndi yowonda ngati nsomba.
- Pali zipilala za kamba yam'madzi ku Latvia. Mu mzinda wa Daugavpils, wosema Ivo Folkmanis adakhazikitsa chipilala cha miyala yakuwala yaku Africa mu 2009, atagwira ntchito chaka chimodzi. Ndipo ku Jurmala, chosema chamkuwa m'mbali mwa nyanja chakhala chikuyimira kwazaka zopitilira 20, kuyambira 1995. Ziwerengero zonsezi zidapangidwa polemekeza anthu ambiri akamba awa mdziko muno.
