Ngati muli ndi aquarium panyumba, ndiye kuti mumadziwa bwino kuti gammarus ndi chiyani. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kotchuka ndi chakudya chouma cha nsomba, akamba ndi nkhono m'madzi am'nyumba. Asodzi onse amadziwa za izi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyambo yopha nsomba.
Gammarus - mtundu wa ma crustaceans apamwamba a banja la Gammarida la dongosolo la amphipods (heteropods). Nyama izi ndizofala kwambiri padziko lapansi. Amasambira mwachangu, koma nthawi zambiri samapita patsogolo, koma chammbali ndi ma jerks kapena kulumpha.
Nthawi zina pamakhala dzina lina la crustacean - flea amphipod. Ngwazi wathu ali ndi mayina ena angapo, monga mormysh. Chimodzi mwa nyambo zotchedwa nsomba chimatchedwa "Mormyshka" chifukwa chofanana ndi cholengedwa ichi.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Gammarus nkhanu ndi woimira gulu lake. Thupi la cholengedwa ichi ndilophatikizika. Ili lopindika ndi chilembo "C", chokhala chofewa pang'ono kuchokera mbali, kuchokera pamwamba chimadzaza ndi chipolopolo cholimba cha chitinous, chomwe chimakhala ndi magawo 14.
Carapace ndi wachikasu wonyezimira kapena wobiriwira-wobiriwira. Nthawi zina pamakhalanso mtundu wofiira. Mtundu umadalira chakudya cha nyama. Pansi pamadzi, amatha kukhala opanda utoto. Baikal, m'malo mwake, ali ndi mitundu yosiyana yowala - apa pali buluu, ndi zobiriwira, ndipo mthunzi wa kuwala kofiira, palinso motley. Chifukwa cha kupindika kwa thupi kumeneko amatchedwanso "hunchback".
Kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 1. Ngakhale amakula mpaka 3 cm kapena kupitilira apo, ngati apulumuka. Mutu umakongoletsedwa ndi maso awiri okhala pansi komanso wolumikizidwa ndi gawo loyamba la thoracic. Apa mutha kuwona awiri a tinyanga-tinyanga, mothandizidwa ndi iwo "amaphunzira" dziko lomwe lamuzungulira.
Izi ndi zida zake zanzeru. Ndevu zoyamba kumera m'mwamba, chachiwiri, chachifupi pansi ndi mtsogolo. Gawo lachisanu ndi chiwiri la cephalothorax limalumikizidwa mwamphamvu ndi pamimba; Mitsempha yooneka ngati tsamba ili pansi pamiyendo yakunja. Amawapatsa mpweya mothandizidwa ndi madzi, nthawi zonse amasinthidwa ndi ma paws.
Miyendo ya pectoral pamitundu iwiri iwiri ili ndi pincer, imathandizira kugwira nyama, yomwe imatha kuteteza kapena kuwukira nayo. Yaimuna mothandizidwa ndi iwo imagwira yaikazi nthawi yokwatira. Anterior m'mimba miyendo kuchuluka kwa awiriawiri atatu ntchito kusambira, zili ndi tsitsi wapadera.
Miyendo yakumbuyo, komanso awiri atatu, imathandizira kudumphira m'madzi, amatsogozedwa ndi mchira mbali imodzi. Miyendo iyi yambiri imapangitsa kuti ikhale yothamanga kwambiri m'madzi. Anthu a Crustaceans amayenda ndi zotulutsa kapena zotsekemera, akudzithandiza okha, chifukwa chake amatchedwa amphipods.
Komabe, dzinali silolondola kwenikweni, chifukwa amasunthira chammbali m'madzi osaya. Pakuya, amasambira mwanjira yachizolowezi, atatembenuza nsana. Pogwedeza pamimba ndikuweramitsa pamimba, amayendetsa kayendetsedwe kake. Amatha kukwawa, ndipo mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, kukwera pazomera m'madzi.
Amphipods onse ndi dioecious. Zazikazi zimakhala ndi chotsekera chofiyira pachifuwa chawo chothira mazira amtsogolo. Amatchedwa "chipinda cha ana". Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kuposa akazi.
Gammarus pachithunzichi imawoneka yopanda vuto, yofanana ndi nkhanu yaying'ono, koma ikawonetsedwa mu 1: 1 ratio. Ndipo ngati mukulitsa chithunzi chake kangapo, mudzakhala ndi nkhawa poyang'ana mawonekedwe ake. Chilombo china chabwino, chimatha kuwopseza aliyense. Mwa njira, nthawi zina m'mafilimu owopsa aku Western amagwiritsa ntchito chithunzi chokulitsa cha crustacean uyu "kuti agwire mantha."
Mitundu
Gammarus si mitundu yosiyana, koma mtundu wonse. Ili ndi mitundu yoposa 200 ya nkhanu. Ndipo gulu la amphipods lokha lili ndi mitundu yoposa 4500. Ku Russia, mitundu yayikulu kwambiri, pafupifupi 270, imakhala m'madzi am'madera a Baikal.
Lacustrine bocoplavs (barmashi kapena hooter) amakhala pakati pazomera za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, nthawi zambiri mumadontho ndi mabango. Mtundu wa thupi lawo umakhala wobiriwira. Ndi maulalo amtengo wapatali pazinthu zachilengedwe za Baikal. Makondedwe apadera amadzi amchere.
Pansi pa miyala m'madzi am'mbali mwa nyanja, mutha kupeza zulimnogammaruses zamatenda ndi buluu. Yoyamba ndi 2-3 cm kutalika, thupi lobiriwira lakuda lokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa, maso opapatiza, tinyanga tomwe tili ndi mphete zakuda ndi zachikaso. Gawo lachiwiri ndi kukula kwa 1-1.5 cm, lokhala ndi wandiweyani kwambiri pazigawo zinayi zapitazi. Mtundu wake ndi wa imvi buluu.
Amphipods okhala ndi siponji ndiosangalatsa kwambiri - parasitic brandtia, wofiirira komanso wofiira wamagazi zulimnogammarus. Amadyetsa zamoyo zina zomwe zimakhala ndi masiponji. M'madzi otseguka a Nyanja ya Baikal, ma macrogetopoulos a Branitsky amakhala, anthu amatcha "Yur". Iyi ndiye mitundu yokhayo yamadzi amchere amchere a pelagic. Izi siziri pansi, koma zimakhala m'madzi. Ndipo pang'ono za amphipods omwe amapezeka m'madzi am'nyanja.
Mahatchi amchenga ndi amphipods am'madzi omwe amakhala pafupi ndi gombe, ngakhale nthawi zina amatha kuwonekera kunyanja. Menyu ya ma crustaceans awa amakhala ndi nyama zowola, zomwe zimatsuka mwakhama madzi am'nyanja, omwe amapindulitsa kwambiri.
Gulu lanyama zamoyozi limagwira nyama zowola zowola. Mahatchi apanyanja amakhala paliponse m'mbali mwa nyanja, pomwe udzu wam'madzi umatayidwa ndi mafunde. Amawonekera kwambiri, chifukwa amalumpha mosatopa pagulu.
Pali ma amphipods omwe amatha kuwononga nyumba za anthu - madamu, milatho, madamu. Uwu ndi mchira wachitsulo, womwe umapezeka pagombe la America. Ikhozanso kuwonedwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja za ku Ulaya. Amawononga nyumba zolimba zokhala ndi timiyala tating'ono koma tolimba, ndikuzikoka pamiyala kuti adzipange kukhala chisa cha silinda.
Mkati mwake, imagwirana ndi zingwe pamapazi ake, ndipo imapitirizabe. Nyanga ya Neptune, ina mwa ma amphipods, ndi yayikulu kwambiri, imatha kukula mpaka masentimita 10. Awiri a maso akulu ndi thupi lowonekera ndizofunikira.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Gammarus amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse, ngakhale m'nyanja zozizira kwambiri. Matupi amadzi atsopano komanso amchere amitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kwawo. Ngakhale akadali nkhanu yamadzi amchere kapena nkhanu yamadzi, imakhala m'madzi aliwonse, ngakhale amchere pang'ono, bola ngati pali mpweya.
Pali zambiri m'mitsinje, nyanja, m'mayiwe. Nsomba zazinkhanira zimasonkhanitsira pansi pamiyala, pakati pamchenga wowuma kapena miyala, pafupi kwambiri ndi gombe. Mutha kuzipeza pansi pa mitengo yolowerera, mitengo yomwe yagwera m'madzi, kapena pazomera zowola. Amakonda malo amithunzi pomwe kuli ozizira komanso okosijeni.
Kutentha kosavuta kwa iye kumachokera ku 0 mpaka 26 madigiri Celsius. M'madera a Russia, kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwa nthumwi iyi kumawonedwa mu Nyanja ya Baikal. Mormysh amakula moyo wawo wonse, chifukwa chake imangokhalira kutaya, kutaya chipolopolo chakale ndikupeza chatsopano.
Izi zimachitika sabata iliyonse nthawi yachisanu. Pambuyo pa molt wachisanu ndi chiwiri, zotupa za lamellar zimawoneka mwa akazi pa mwendo wachiwiri kapena wachisanu. Amapanga chipinda cha ana. Pambuyo pa chipolopolo chachisanu chachikazi, mkazi amakhala wokhwima pogonana.
Nthata bokoplav ndi wokhala m'madzi pang'ono. Masana, amayesa kubisala penapake m'madzi pamalo obisika. Amasambira mwakhama usiku. Amafa ngati pali mpweya wochepa m'madzi. Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, crustacean imaboola pansi ndikugwa. Pokhala ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya, imatha kudzuka ndikupeza kukhazikika mkati mwa ayezi.
Zakudya zabwino
Ndizovuta kunena za chakudya cha nyama, chomwe chimakhala chakudya. Ndizochepa kwambiri kotero kuti mndandanda wake uyenera kuchepetsedwa mpaka kukula kwake. Komabe, ngati mungayang'ane, amadya chilichonse chomwe chimalowa mgodi. Chakudya chokha chiyenera kukhala "chonunkhira" pang'ono. Makamaka amasankha zomera ndi amadyera zomwe sizatsopano zatsopano.
Masamba owola, zotsalira za duckweed ndi zomera zina zam'madzi - ndicho chakudya chake chachikulu. Koma amathanso kudya nsomba zakufa kapena nyama. Mu aquarium, ali okonzeka kudya nyama. Ndipo uwu siwo malire. Amatha kudya ngakhale abale awo.
Nsagwada zawo zapamwambazi zili ndi mphamvu kwambiri moti zimatha kupukuta ulusi wa ukondewo pamene olimba nkhono amalowamo limodzi ndi nsomba. Mu gulu, ma amphipod amatha kulimbana ndi cholengedwa chokulirapo, mwachitsanzo, nyongolotsi. Amadyera limodzi ndipo mwachangu, amawaphwanya. Gammarus ndiwothandiza kwambiri potengera kuyeretsa kwa madzi, kuwongolera madzi kwenikweni.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kubereka m'malo otentha kumachitika mobwerezabwereza mchaka cha moyo, kumpoto - kamodzi kokha. Nthawi yoswana kwambiri ndiyo gawo loyamba la chilimwe. Omenyera amuna amamenyera mwamphamvu akazi. Wamphongo wamkulu kwambiri amapambana.
Amalumphira pa wosankhidwa wake ndikukhazikika kumbuyo kwake, ndikudzitchinjiriza ndi miyendo yake yakumtunda. Atha kukhala pamalowo kwa pafupifupi sabata. Nthawi yonseyi, yamphongo imakhala mothandizidwa ndi zikhadabo zake. Zolemba zazimayi nthawi yokwatirana. Mnzake amamuthandiza izi, kuchotsa chipolopolo chakale ndi zikhadabo ndi miyendo.
Pambuyo poti molt bwino, yamwamuna imathira chipinda chake cha ana, kenako imasiya chachikazi. Amayikira mazira mu "chipinda" chokonzekera. Pamenepo amakula. Amapatsidwa mpweya ndi crustacean, nthawi zonse amatunga madzi ndi miyendo yake m'mitsempha, komanso nthawi yomweyo kupita kuchipinda cha ana.
Mazira a crustacean amawoneka bwino, amdima, pali pafupifupi 30 mwa iwo. Kukula kumatha nyengo yotentha m'masabata 2-3, nyengo yozizira - kawiri bola. Anthu opangidwa kwathunthu amatuluka m'mazira.
Achichepere achichepere amasiya nazale pambuyo pa molt wawo woyamba. Kukhwima kumachitika miyezi 2-3. Nthawi ya crustacean iyi ndi miyezi 11-12. Komabe, sangakhale ndi moyo kwakanthawi kochepa chonchi. Imasakidwa mwachangu ndi nsomba, amphibiya, mbalame ndi tizilombo.
Ndani angadyetsedwe Gammarus
Nyama zazing'onozi ndizofunikira kwambiri ngati chakudya cha nsomba. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'makampani ogulitsa mafakitale - m'mafakitole ndi nsomba m'minda yolima nsomba zamtengo wapatali, monga sturgeon, carp, trout. Amadziwikanso ndi akatswiri am'madzi.
Amagwiritsa ntchito nkhanu kudyetsa nsomba zapakatikati ndi zazikulu. Nthawi zina akagula chakudya amafunsa ndizotheka kuti gammarus akamba. Inde, mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi imadya mosangalala, simungathe kuyidyetsa ndi nkhanu yokha. Muyenera kupanga chakudya chamagulu.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya chama ballast kutsuka nsomba. Kutchuka kwake kwakukulu ndi chifukwa chakuti chakudya cha gammarus chopatsa thanzi kwambiri. 100 g wa mormysh wouma uli ndi 56.2% mapuloteni, 5.8% mafuta, 3.2% chakudya ndi carotene wambiri.
Amayesetsa kuti asagwiritse ntchito nkhandwe momwemo, chifukwa amatha kunyamula tiziromboti toopsa. Chifukwa chake, amakhala achisanu, ozoni, amathiridwa nthunzi ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Mtengo wa Gammarus zimatengera kuchuluka kwa ma CD ndi mtundu wa workpiece.
Mwachitsanzo, ma mormysh owuma m'masitolo ogulitsira pa intaneti atha kugulidwa ma ruble 320. makilogalamu 0,5, thumba lolemera 15 g limatengera ma ruble 25. Ndipo anaphwanyidwa m'matumba a 100 g - 30 rubles iliyonse. thumba limodzi. * Mwambiri, mitengoyo imakhazikitsidwa ndi ogulitsa okha, ndipo zimadaliranso pagulu komanso tsiku loti ntchito yake ithe. (* Mitengo ndi ya June 2019).
Muthanso kudyetsa nsomba zazing'ono, muyenera kungodula chakudyachi. Ma crustaceans amawonedwa ngati akulu pazinyama zazing'ono. Kuti muchepetse chipolopolo cha chitinous, mutha kulowetsa crustacean mwachidule m'madzi otentha. Gammarus amapatsidwa nsomba ndi akamba 1-2 kamodzi pa sabata.
Nkhono - masiku onse 2-3. Gammarus kwa nkhono musanadye, iyenera kuikidwa m'mbale yapadera, yodyetsera kapena mbale. Imayikidwa osaphwanyidwa, koma yonse pamasamba a zomera. Nsomba zimatha kugwira chakudya pa ntchentche, ndipo nkhono zimachedwa kwambiri
Amafuna thandizo. Sambani wodyetsayo mukatha kudyetsa, apo ayi padzakhala kununkhira kosasangalatsa. Ndipo yesani kuchotsa zotsalira ndi zotsala zomwe zabalalika pansi. Sizingatheke kuti awonongeke, chiwetocho chitha kupatsidwa poizoni. Gammarus wamoyo ndi chakudya cha akamba ofiira ofiira, koma amapatsidwa pang'ono.
Kugwira gammarus
Zanga gammarus kwa nsomba mutha kuzichita nokha. Ikani gulu la udzu kapena nthambi ya spruce m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Posakhalitsa anyani agileti apeza akudya ndikukwawa pagulu laudzu. Tulutsani "msampha", kumasula, ndipo mutha kutsitsanso. Kugwira gammarus - sizovuta, koma zovuta. Mutha kuchigwira ndi ukonde kapena nsalu zowonekera.
M'nyengo yozizira, imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumtunda kwa madzi oundana ndi msampha wapadera, womwe umatchedwa "kuphatikiza", "ufa", "kugwira". Itha kusungidwa ndi moyo, kuzizira ndi kuuma. Kuti mumusungebe motalikirapo, mumuike m'mbale yamadzi yosungira kumene amakhala.
Ikani dothi ndi miyala kuchokera pamenepo pansi. Ikani beseni pamalo ozizira, amdima. Zimangotsalira kuti pakhale mpweya wokhazikika. Tsiku lililonse, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a madzi liyenera kusinthidwa kukhala abwino. Mutha kuyiyika mu nsalu yonyowa ndikuiyika m'chipinda chapansi cha firiji. Nsaluyo iyenera kutsukidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mutha kusunga izi mpaka masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Ngati mwapeza ma crustaceans ambiri, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tiume. Ma crustaceans atsopano okha ndi omwe ayenera kuyanika. Viyikani m'madzi otentha pang'ono musanaumitse kuti muwapatse mankhwala. Osangophika, kuwonetsedwa kwakutali ndi madzi otentha kumachepetsa thanzi la chakudya. Ma Crustaceans amauma poyera.
Ndikofunika kuzifalitsa pa cheesecloth kuti zonse zikhale ndi mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, tambasulani pamtengo wochepa. Sangathe kuumitsidwa mu uvuni kapena padzuwa. Ndipo, zachidziwikire, osayanika mu uvuni wa mayikirowevu mwina. Ndi malo amthunzi okha, mwachilengedwe. Gammarus wouma itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa miyezi 2-3. Kuti isungidwe kwanthawi yayitali, amatha kuzizira.
Gawani magawo pang'ono pa chakudya chimodzi, amaundana pang'ono pamagulu otentha -18-20 madigiri. Chakudya choterechi chimasungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, mpaka chaka. Munthu amagwira nkhanuzi kuti apeze nsomba zazikulu zamtengo wapatali. Pali nsomba zazikuluzikulu za m'nyanja ya Baikal. Amabweretsedwa amoyo m'mitsuko kupita kunyanjayo, kudula mabowo mu ayezi ndikuponya m'madzi, kukopa nsomba zamtengo wapatali za omul.
Zosangalatsa
- Chigoba chachikuda cha Gammarus chimakhala ndi ma allergen olimba. Chifukwa chake, musasiye ana pafupi ndi chidebe chotseguka chomwe chili ndi chakudyachi. Mukawona kuti wokonda nsomba pang'ono ali ndi zizindikilo za chifuwa, musayese kutaya aquarium nthawi yomweyo, Tengani chakudya kwakanthawi.
- Gammarus crustacean imakhala ndi carotene wambiri, chifukwa chake nsomba, ikudya, idzakhala yowala kwambiri. Koma musazunze ndi kudyetsa ziweto zanu - nsomba, akamba, nkhono, chakudya ichi chokha. Menyu iyenera kukhala yokwanira komanso yoyenera.
- Pali amphipods a parasitic m'chilengedwe. Amasiyana chifukwa amakhala ndi maso abwino. Amafuna izi kuti "akazonde" nyama yosambira yoyenera - "mwini". Pa moyo wawo, amatha kusintha kangapo.
- Mitundu ina ya amphipods pa Nyanja ya Baikal imakhala ndi nthumwi zocheperako kuposa akazi kotero kuti amatchedwa "amfupi".
- Chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwa thupi, ma mormys amakhala osangalatsa akagwidwa m'manja. Zimazungulira m'manja mwanu ngati kamvuluvulu, atagona chammbali.
- Mbalamezi zimatha kudumpha kuchokera kumtunda kwa madzi mpaka kutalika kwa 100 kukula kwake.
- Pali ma gourmets m'malo am'madzi omwe amakonda gammarus, amawona kuti ndi abwino ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, amangodya okha. Ichi ndi nsomba mumapezeka nsomba. Ngati mungatenge nyama zamtunduwu kupita nanu kukasodza nsomba zam'madzi, nsomba zabwino zidzaonetsedwa!
