Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Wodya njuchi - kambalame kakang'ono kowala ka banja lodya njuchi. Banja lino lakumwamba limadziwika kuti ndi lokongola kwambiri ku Europe. Ndipo popanda chifukwa. Ndizovuta kuti musasirire mtundu wa wakudya njuchi. Nthenga zimapangidwa ndi utoto wofiira, wobiriwira, wachikasu, wamtambo ndi mithunzi yawo.
Mitundu iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe ake ogawa mitundu mu nthenga. Pachifukwa ichi, komanso malo okhala, mitundu yoposa 20 ya mbalame imasiyanitsidwa. Mofanana ndi mbalame zambiri, zamphongo ndi zokongola komanso zowala kuposa zazikazi. Mtundu wa nthenga umakhala wowala ndi zaka. Wodya njuchi amakwana mu dzanja lanu. Kutalika kwa thupi lake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 26. Mbalame yokongola kwambiri ku Europe imalemera magalamu 20 mpaka 50.
Nthawi yomweyo, mwana amafunikira magalamu 40 a chakudya patsiku! Mbali yapadera yodya njuchi ndi mlomo. Ndi yayitali poyerekeza ndi thupi, yopindika pang'ono. Mlomo ndiwo chida chachikulu chosakira mbalame zambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake omwe amakonda kudya tizilombo adapanga chida chodabwitsa pantchito yosinthika.
Odya njuchi adadziwika ndi dzina lawo chifukwa chakulira kwawo: "schur-schur". Mbalame zowala nthawi zambiri zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zizindikiro za mwayi. Wodya njuchi nazonso. M'mayiko ambiri komwe anthu samakonda kuwaona malo owetera njuchi, kukumana ndi mbalame yowala kumabweretsa mwayi, malinga ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira.
Dziko lotere ku Europe ndi France. Ndipo ku Egypt ndi pachilumba cha Krete, osati kukumana ndi Wodya njuchikomanso kuphika ngati chakudya. Anthu omwe amachita izi amati ngati chizindikiro chamwayi chimadyedwanso, ndiye kuti chisangalalo chidzawonjezekanso.
Mitundu
Banja la omwe amadya njuchi ali ndi mitundu yambiri. Mbalame zimasiyanitsidwa, makamaka ndi nthenga ndi malo okhala.
1. Wodya njuchi zoyera... Nthenga zambiri zimakhala zobiriwira, bere ndi maluso agolide. Chibwano chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere wakuda. Maso ofiira asindikizidwa ndi "chigoba" chakuda. Korona ndiyonso yakuda. Amakonda kukakhala nthawi yotentha kumapululu apafupi ndi chipululu cha Sahara, komanso nthawi yozizira m'nkhalango zotentha. Kutalika kwa mbalameyo kumafikira masentimita 20, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira magalamu 30.
2. Wodya njuchi wagolide... Mtundu uwu ndi wowala kwambiri m'banja. Kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiira, chifuwa chake ndi chamtambo, ndipo pamakhala mapiko achikasu, ofiira, abuluu komanso obiriwira. Chibwano ndi chachikaso, pali mzere wakuda pamaso ofiira.
Wodya njuchi wagolide ndiye mtundu wofala kwambiri m'banjamo. M'nyengo yozizira, imapezeka ku India. M'chilimwe, malo ake amakula kwambiri. Ofufuza ambiri aona nyama yodya njuchi yagolide kumadera otentha otentha.
3. Wodya njuchi wa Bemova... Mitunduyi idatchulidwa ndi wofufuza malo wobadwira ku Germany Richard Böhm, yemwe adafufuza dera la Zanzibar kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Apo ayi mbalameyi imatchedwa Wodya njuchi wobiriwira. Wodya njuchi amatalika masentimita 17 ndipo amalemera magalamu 20. Green imakhazikika m'mitengo yake.
Chifuwa chodya njuchi ndi chojambulidwa ndi mthunzi wofunda, nthenga zobiriwira zakuda ndi emarodi zili kumbuyo. Chipewa chofiira ndi mmero. Pamaso, mzere wakuda wakuda. Wodya njuchi wa Boehm amakhala ku Africa. Amakhala m'nkhalango za equator, pomwe pali kuwala kochuluka. Chosankha chake ndikupezeka kwa mtengo wa mopane.
4. Wodya wakuda wakuda njuchi... Mtundu uwu ukhoza kutchedwa waukulu poyerekeza ndi abale ake. Kutalika kwa thupi - 28 cm, kulemera - 54g. Odya njuchi amatchedwa mayina awo. Mutu wa mbalameyi ndi wakuda kotheratu, zomwe zimapangitsa mbalame kuoneka zoopsa.
Kumbuyo, mapiko ndi mchira ndizopaka utoto wobiriwira. Chifuwa ndi mimba ndi zachikasu ndi lalanje. Wodyera njuchi wakuda amakhala ku Africa, kudera la Nigeria, Gabon, Angola, Congo ndi mayiko ena oyandikana nawo.
5. Wodya njuchi zoyera... Nthenga za mtundu uwu zili ndi mitundu yachilendo modabwitsa. Dzinalo limachokera ku nthenga zoyera pamutu pamwambapa komanso pansi pamizere yakuda yamaso. Chibwano ndi chofiira, chifuwa ndi mimba ndi zachikasu. Pafupi ndi mchira wake, nthenga zimakhala zamtundu wa indigo.
Kumbuyo ndi mapiko ali obiriwira, monga mamembala ambiri am'banja. Odya njuchi zoyera kutsogolo ali ndi mapiko ozungulira. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala 23 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira 40 g. Wodya njuchi wamaso oyera amakhala m'masamba a ku Africa.
6. Wodya njuchi wofiira... Mitunduyi ikuwoneka kuti idalumikiza omwe amadya njuchi komanso oyera-kutsogolo. Mbali yapadera ndi chibwano chofiira. Mphumi ndi yobiriwira. Nape ndi wachikasu-lalanje, mapiko, mchira ndi kumbuyo kumakhala kobiriwira, mbali yakumunsi ya mchira ndi yakuda buluu. Amakhala ku Africa madera ochokera ku Sinegal kupita ku Central African Republic komanso kuchokera ku Ethiopia kupita ku Uganda.
7. Wodya njuchi wakuda... Kufotokozera kwa nthenga za mbalameyi ndikosavuta poyerekeza ndi abale ake. Khosilo ndi lofiira, ndi nthenga zowala za buluu pamphumi ndi mchira. Makamaka mbalameyi ndi yakuda.
8. Wodya njuchi... Kuchokera pa dzina mutha kumvetsetsa chomwe ndichofunikira kwambiri pamtunduwu. Mtundu wakumbuyo, mapiko ndi kapu ndi wobiriwira. Mchira ndi wabuluu, kumapeto kwake kumakhala mabotolo akuda. Mmero ndi wachikasu. Kutalika kwa thupi, kuphatikiza mchira, ndi masentimita 20. Malo okhala makamaka kumwera kwa Sahara, m'mapiri a Africa.
9. Wodya mutu wofiirira... Maonekedwe a mbalameyi ndi okhwima komanso aulemu nthawi yomweyo. Mapiko ndi msana ndizobiriwira mdima, akuyandikira wakuda. Chifuwacho ndi chobiriwira mopepuka, mabala a buluu amawoneka pafupi ndi mchira. Chipewa ndi burgundy, pakhosi ndichikaso chowala, chosiyana ndi bere ndi chidutswa chochepa cha mtundu wa vinyo. Kutalika kwa thupi - 20 cm, kulemera - pafupifupi 30g.
10. Wodya njuchi wapinki... Mbalameyi imadziwika ndi chibwano ndi chifuwa cha mtundu wakuda wapinki. Nthenga zonse zomwe zimadya njuchi ndizotuwa mdima. Pansi pamizere yakuda, yoyera imadutsa m'maso, ndikupanga kusiyanasiyana. Amakhala m'dera lomwelo momwe amadyera njuchi mutu wakuda.
11. Wodya njuchi wamutu wabuluu... Osati mutu wokha, komanso nthenga zambiri za mbalameyi ndizabuluu. Mapikowo ndi ofiira ofiira, ndipo pali nthenga zingapo zofiira pansi pamlomo. Mzere wakuda m'maso ndi m'khosi. Wodya njuchi wamutu wabuluu ndi woimira ochepa m'banjamo. Kutalika kwake ndi 19 cm yokha ndipo kulemera kwake sikupitilira 30g.
12. Wodya njuchi wa Nubian... Wowala modabwitsa komanso wosiyana m'banjamo amatchedwanso wodya njuchi wofiirira kapena Wodya njuchi wofiira... Mphumi ndi chibwano ndi buluu, nthenga zina zonse ndi zapinki, zolowetsedwa ndi zofiira, zobiriwira, zamtambo ndi zofiirira. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi 40cm. M'chilimwe amakhala kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Africa, ndipo nthawi yozizira ku equator. Imakonda madera ndi zigwa zam'mitsinje, ndipo samanyalanyaza mangrove.
13. Wodya njuchi utawaleza... Chofunika kwambiri pa mbalame sikungokhala kuchuluka kwa maluwawo, komanso kusintha kosalala pakati pamithunzi. Kumbuyo kwake, mitundu yachikaso, yobiriwira, yamtambo imapambana, pamapiko, zobiriwira m'malo mwake ndizofiyira. Mitundu yonse ilipo pamutu. Odya njuchi za utawaleza amakhala ku Australia komanso pachilumba cha Tasmania. Kukumana ndi dzinja ku New Guinea.
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe yafotokozedwayi, palinso ochepa, Somali, azitona, oyamwa mabuluu komanso odyera njuchi achi Malay. Onsewa amasiyana pakati pa maula ndi malo okhala. Sizingatheke kunena kuti ndi ndani wodya njuchi yemwe ndi wokongola kwambiri, chifukwa mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe ake apadera, osakondweretsanso komanso odabwitsa. Odya njuchi pachithunzichi zimawoneka zosaneneka kuthengo. Ndizosangalatsa kuyang'ana nthenga zawo.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Dziko lakwawo la mbalame ndi malo otentha komanso zipululu. Ndicho chifukwa chake odyetsa njuchi ndi okongola kwambiri. Malo okhalamo kwambiri ndi Africa, koma nthumwi zina zimapezekanso kumadera otentha komanso otentha ku Europe. Ku Russia, malo okhala mbalame samapita kumpoto kwa zigawo za Tambov ndi Ryazan. Odya njuchi amapezeka pachilumba cha Madagascar ndi New Guinea, Australia ndi Asia.
Odya njuchi zimauluka mwachangu. Izi zimawathandiza kusaka chakudya mlengalenga. Tizilombo timene timakonda kwambiri mbalame zowala. Mphutsi, mbozi, agulugufe agulugufe - onse amasamala za kudya njuchi. Mbalame zazing'ono sizimachita manyazi konse ndi kulemera kwake kwakukulu kapena kukula kwake kodabwitsa kwa tizilombo.
Koposa zonse, odyetsa njuchi amakonda mavu ndi njuchi, zomwe amachotsa mbola asanadye. Chifukwa chakumwa ndi mtundu uwu wa tizilombo, odyetsa njuchi atha kuopseza kuwonongedwa kwa malovu onse! Munthawi ya Soviet Union, padali lamulo loti owononga njuchi asaphedwe kuti asunge minda ya njuchi. Ndipo m'nthawi yathu ino, amayesetsa kuti mbalame zizikhala kutali ndi malo owetera njuchi. Komabe, zidapezeka kuti omwe amadya njuchi sawononga ngakhale gawo limodzi la njuchi zomwe zikufa chaka chilichonse.
Choyamba, chimvula chamabingu chimafufuza nyama kuchokera pamalo okwera. Izi zitha kukhala mzati kapena tchinga, denga la nyumba kapena nthambi ya mtengo, pomwe mawonekedwe abwino amatseguka. Pouluka, mbalameyo imagwira nyama, imapha ndi kugunda pansi, kudula mapiko ake, mbola ndi ziwalo zina zomwe zimasokoneza kudya.
M'madera ena, njuchi zimadyedwa mu Red Book. Zikuwoneka kuti mbalame zokhala ndi nthenga zowala kwambiri zimakhala pamitengo. Koma amakonda ma burrows m'malo otseguka. Malo okhalamo atha kukhala mapiri, miyala yosiyidwa, matauni opanda anthu kapena midzi yabata. Chachikulu ndikuti athe kukonza dzenje. Izi zimapangitsa odyetsa njuchi kukhala ofanana ndi akadyedwe apamphepete mwa nyanja.
Odya njuchi sakonda kusungulumwa, choncho amakhala m'magulu. M'nyengo yoswana, ziweto zazikulu, zomwe zimatha kukhala pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi, zimagawika pawiri. Komabe, izi sizifooketsa umodzi wawo. Pakakhala zovuta, mbalame zimathandizana.
Mankhwala akumwa ndi gawo lofunikira pamoyo wa mbalame. Chifukwa chakuti mbalame zimakhala m'malo otentha, tiziromboti titha kuyamba nthenga zawo. Ichi ndichifukwa chake omwe amadya njuchi amakhala nthawi yayitali mumchenga ndi malo osambira amadzi. Amakonda kusangalala ndi dzuwa, kusalaza nthenga zawo, kusamalira iliyonse ya iyo.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Chisa chodya njuchi ndi dzenje lalitali lopingasa. Makamaka wamwamuna amakumba. Ngalande ikukhazikitsidwa ndi kuya kwa 1-1.5 m, ndikutalika masentimita 5. Pafupifupi 7 kg ya nthaka amatayidwa ndi mbalame panthawi yomwe amakumba. Ntchito yomanga imatenga milungu iwiri. Mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito moyandikira: zimakumba ola limodzi kapena awiri, kenako zimakonza zopumira nthawi yomweyo.
Dzenje lokumbidwa limakhala mkangano pakati pa abale. Sikuti mbalame zonse zimafuna kukumba dzenje ngati pali mwayi woti zitenge mwamphamvu. Anthu angapo omwe asankha kupanga ana amayenera kumenyera kwawo.
Muyeso waukulu posankha wamwamuna kuti apange ana ndikutheketsa kudyetsa anapiye. Ndicho chifukwa chake operekera nsombazo amachitira akazi momwe angathere. Mkazi atapanga chisankho, kukwatira kumachitika. Clutch ikhoza kukhala ndi mazira 4 mpaka 10. Iwo ndi ochepa kwambiri, poyamba amakhala obiriwira. Pamene imaswa, utoto umatha.
Mazirawo amasamalilidwa ndi yaikazi, ndipo yaimuna ikudyetsa. Nthawi zina makolo omwe amayenera kusintha maudindo. Ndipo izi zimachitika pafupifupi mwezi umodzi. Anapiye amabadwa amaliseche kwathunthu. Amayamba kudyetsa kwambiri kuyambira masiku oyamba, kusankha kwachilengedwe kumachitika, ndipo anapiye ofooka amafa chifukwa chosowa zakudya.
Patatha mwezi umodzi, anapiye achoka pachisa cha makolo. Kwezani anapiye odya njuchi thandizani achinyamata achibale kuchokera ku ana akale. Amapeza chakudya cha anzawo achichepere, amathandizira kulimbana ndi adani.
Mosiyana ndi nthumwi zambiri za mbalame, omwe amadya njuchi sasamala za "pansi" pa chisa. Samanyamula mapesi, matope ndi masamba m'mabowo awo. Pakukonzekera, mkazi amabwezeretsanso zotsalira za tizilombo: mapiko, miyendo, yomwe imapanga zinyalala zabwino kwambiri kwa ana.
Mbalame zodya nyama sizikhala pachiwopsezo ku nyama zomwe zimadya njuchi. Izi zimathandizidwa ndi maenje akuya, omwe mbalame zimathera nthawi yochuluka komanso kuyesetsa. Chisa chitha kusokonezedwa ndi agalu kapena nkhandwe. Komabe, dzira limodzi limalemera magalamu 5-7, ndipo ngakhale zowalamulira zazikulu sizimakwanitsa kukhutitsa chilombocho. Kutalika kwa moyo kumakhala zaka 4.
