Kadzidzi khola - kadzidzi ndi mawonekedwe achilendo. Mbalame yodya nyama iyi ikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi ndipo yakhala ikuwakopa chidwi cha anthu kwazinthu zodabwitsa komanso zodabwitsa. Kuuluka mwakachetechete, maso owala, kumva mwachidwi - kutali ndi mndandanda wonse wazabwino zomwe mbalame zodabwitsa usiku zimatha kudzitama.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Mbalameyi ingadzitamande ndi dzina lake lachilendo pazifukwa. Zonse ndizokhudza tanthauzo la mawu ake, ngati chiwombankhanga kapena kuwombera. Khola la nkhokwe limasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ya akadzidzi ndi chimbale cha nkhope chosazolowereka, chomwe chili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka ngati mtima. Zimakhala ngati kuti chigoba chidamuveka. Ngati chithunzi nkhokwe ya nkhokwe pachithunzichi, ndiye mutha kuzizindikira ndendende ndi chizindikiro ichi.
Mbalame zamtunduwu sizokulirapo, zimakhala ndi nkhope yapadera komanso mtundu wowala. Kutalika kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pakati pa 33 - 39 cm, thupi limakhala pafupifupi 300-355 g. Mapiko ake amafikira masentimita 90. Mbali yakumtunda ya thupi imadziwika ndi mtundu wamchenga, pomwe mawonekedwe ake oyera ndi amdima amawoneka. Gawo lakumunsi ndilopepuka, ndipo nthenga zimasakanikirana ndi mdima.
Mbali yakutsogolo ndiyabwino, yopepuka ndi malire a ocher. Mapikowo ndi oyera, ali ndi mtundu wapachiyambi wonyezimira wagolide. Nkhokwe ya khola imatha kuzindikirika ndi maso ake akulu owoneka bwino, mamangidwe owonda, miyendo yayitali yokhala ndi nthenga zakuda komanso zamphongo mpaka zala zakumapazi. Mchira suli wautali, mlomo ndi woyera wachikasu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mtundu wa theka lakumunsi la thupi la mbalame umatengera komwe imakhalako. Mwachitsanzo, North Africa, Western and Southern Europe, Middle East kumakhala anthu oimira mitunduyo, momwe gawo ili la thupi ndi loyera. Ku Europe yense, akadzidzi awa ali ndi theka lachikaso lalanje lalanje.
Amuna ndi akazi ndi ofanana kwambiri. Mukayang'anitsitsa, mutha kungowonetsa kuti akaziwo ali ndi mtundu wakuda pang'ono, koma izi sizodabwitsa. Khola la nkhokwe limaonedwa ngati mbalame yokhayokha. Ngati, pamene akuuluka mozungulira gawo lake, aona wachibale, ndiye amamuukira nthawi yomweyo.
Masana imabisala pogona, usiku mbalame imapita kukasaka. Amawuluka mwakachetechete, ndichifukwa chake pakati pa anthu amatchedwa "kadzidzi wamzukwa". Kuwona bwino ndi kumva kumamuthandiza bwino. Kungokhala ndiye njira yamoyo yomwe imadziwika nayo, koma nthawi zina imatha kupita kumalo atsopano chifukwa chosowa chakudya.
Mitundu
Banja la nkhokwe ili ndi mitundu 11 ya mitundu iwiri. Pali zingapo zotchuka kwambiri:
1. Kadzidzi khola amapezeka ku America, Asia (kupatula Siberia, Central ndi Central), Africa, Madagascar, mayiko ambiri aku Europe. Mbalame yaying'ono (33-39 cm kutalika) imapanga zisa m'mabowo, nthawi zambiri munyumba. Amadyetsa zikopa, makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
2. Nkhokwe yofiira ku Madagascar amapezeka m'nkhalango za North-East Madagascar. Ndi yaying'ono kukula (thupi liri pafupifupi 27.5 cm kutalika) ndipo ndimakhalidwe abwino okhala usiku. Mitunduyi imatha kuzindikiridwa ndi kulira kwamtunduwu, komwe kumamveketsedwa mokweza (pafupifupi masekondi 1.5), yomwe imatha ndi phokoso lakuthwa, kwamphamvu kwambiri. Pokasaka amasankha m'mbali mwa nkhalango, minda ya mpunga;
3. Chigoba nkhokwe kadzidzi amakhala kum'mwera kwa New Guinea ndi malo aku Australia. Pofuna kukhazikika amasankha nkhalango ndikutsegula malo athyathyathya okhala ndi mitengo yochepa. Kwa kukaikira mazira, imakonda maenje ndi zachilengedwe. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumatha kusiyanasiyana mkati mwa masentimita 38-57. Mbalame zomangirizidwa kumalo amodzi zimawonekera kuchokera pogona usiku, ndikupita kukadya - nyama zazing'ono, mbalame zaulimi.
4. Zitsamba nkhokwe kadzidzi - wokhala m'zidikha ndi udzu wamtali kumpoto ndi kum'mawa kwa India, mapiri a Himalaya, madera akumwera ndi kum'mawa kwa China, Taiwan. Mbalame zamtunduwu zasankha zilumba za Southeast Asia, gulu la zilumba za Philippine;
5. Nkhokwe yakuda Ndi mtundu womwe umapezeka ku Australia. Kambalame kakang'ono (kutalika pafupifupi masentimita 37-51) amakhala m'madera otentha kwambiri. Wokonda nkhalango za evalipt ndi chinyezi chambiri, amasankha mitengo yakale yokhala ndi mitengo ikuluikulu. Pofuna kusaka, mbalameyo imatha kupita ku nkhalango zowuma, koma imadikirira masana m'malo otentha. Imakhalanso ndi zisa kumadera otentha. Sizimasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakasankhidwe ka chakudya: sichitha kudya nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame zokha, komanso sichinyoza tizilombo, tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
6. Nkhokwe yakuda yaying'ono - mtundu wina womwe unakhazikika m'malo otentha osadutsa nyanja ya Australia. Dzinalo limadzilankhulira lokha - kukula kwa munthu wamkulu sikupitirira masentimita 38. Kukhazikikako kumachitika m'mabowo, ndipo zokonda zimaperekedwa kumabowo akulu.
Nthawi zina zimakhazikika m'malo azachilengedwe pakati pamizu yamitengo ndi m'mabwinja achilengedwe. Nthawi ya kukaikira mazira, oimira onse awiriwa ali pafupi wina ndi mnzake, koma kunja kwa nyengo amakhala okha ndipo masana amakhala m'malo osiyana. Ikamaliza kuikira mazira, yaikazi imatenga masiku osachepera 42 kuti iwasunthire. Nthawi imeneyi, yamphongo imagwira ndikumubweretsera chakudya komanso kangapo usiku.
Chodziwika bwino cha nkhokwe ndikuti mbalame zamtunduwu, pomwe zimasaka, zimatha kuwuluka mosavuta m'malo otentha kwambiri ngakhale usiku. Silo vuto kwa iwo kukhazikitsa malo omwe angakhale wovulalayo, kenako ndikumuukira mwadzidzidzi. Kuphatikiza pa makoswe osiyanasiyana, abuluzi, achule, nyama zina zazing'ono zimathanso kudyedwa. Amatha kumenyana ndi zinyama, mbalame, possums.
7. Gray nkhokwe kadzidzi - wokhala m'zigawo za Southeast Asia. Ili ndi dzina kuchokera pamtundu wake wamtundu wakuda. Mbalameyi ndi yaying'ono kukula, masentimita 23-33 okha. Mbalameyi sikuti imangokhala m'nkhalango zokha, komanso m'malo opanda phokoso.
Pochita malo okonzera mazira, imakonda mapanga amitengo. Imadya nyama zazing'ono, mbalame, zokwawa, komanso sizinyoza tizilombo. Ziwombankhanga ndizofanana ndi akadzidzi enieni, koma zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kadzidzi wa ziweto nthawi zonse amakhala nyama zakutchire. Amapita kukafunafuna nyama usiku, dzuwa limagona mnyumba zawo. Kuti mupumule masana, ziphuphu zomwe zapezeka, zachilengedwe komanso zopangira, zimasankhidwa (mwachitsanzo, ma attics, mabowo pansi). Amakhala okha, ndipo nthawi zina amaphatikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma izi ndizotheka kudziwa kokha m'malo omwe pali masewera ambiri.
Ali pakasaka, akadzidzi a m khola nthawi zonse amasiyanasiyana mlengalenga, kenako nkuwuluka, kenako kutsikanso ndikuuluka mozungulira katundu wawo. Amatha kudikirira kuti wovulalayo abisalire. Kusaka kumachitika makamaka masiku amenewo pamene mwezi wowala ukuwala kumwamba.
Mapiko a kadzidzi a nkhokwe ndi apadera. Zapangidwa motere kuti kuthawa kwawo, chifukwa chachete komanso kufewa kwawo, kumakhala kovuta kumva. Kuwona bwino komanso kumva bwino kumakwaniritsa chithunzi chonse.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'madera ena (mwachitsanzo, Britain) akadzidzi ali pachiwopsezo chopita kukasaka masana. Koma nthawi ngati imeneyi ili ndi vuto lina kwa iwo: iwonso atha kukhala nyama zodya nyama (gulls, mwachitsanzo).
Polimbana ndi wovulalayo, khola la nkhokwe limagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zake zakuthwa, zomwe limapha nyama yake. Pambuyo pake, amaponda thupi ndi chikhomo chake ndikung'amba ndi mlomo wake. Khosi losinthasintha limathandiza mbalame kudya nyama zawo, pafupifupi popanda kupindika. Nkhokwe ikamadya, nthenga za mbali yakutsogolo zimasunthira kotero kuti zikuwoneka ngati mbalameyo ikuchita mantha.
Wofala pafupifupi m'makontinenti onse, kupatula ku Antarctica, mbalame zaku midzi zimasankha makamaka malo otseguka, mapiri otentha ndi minda, pomwe makoswe ndi zokwawa zazing'ono zimatha kupindula zambiri.
M'midzi, mbalame zamtunduwu zimasaka pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala. Amakhala m'makona amdima kwambiri komanso osiyidwa kwambiri amnyumba zosiyanasiyana, mosangalala azinyamula nyumba zosiyidwa, ma khola a nkhuni. Sizinganenedwe choncho nkhokwe kadzidzi mbalame.
Ziwombankhanga zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukonda dziko lako, lomwe limawoneka kuti limakonda kwambiri malo akwawo. Atakhazikika pamalo aliwonse, adzawopseza alendo kunyumba kwawo ndikufuula mokwiya.
Amatha nthawi yayitali kutsuka nthenga ndikuyika zisa zawo mwadongosolo. Ngati munthu ayamba kuyandikira khola, ndiye kuti mbalameyo imachita izi ndikumakweza ndikusunthira bwino kumapazi ake kumanja ndi kumanzere. Komabe, iye grimaces kwambiri.
Zakudya zabwino
Makoswe amakoswe amathandiziradi nkhokwe. Mbalameyi imatha kulimbana ndi mbewa zazikulu zotuwa. Mu usiku umodzi, munthu amatha kugwira mbewa pafupifupi 15. Nthawi zina imagwira ndikudya mbalame zazing'ono, makamaka mpheta, timphamba tating'ono. Sanyoza tizilombo.
Mbalameyi imagwira nyama yomwe ikuuluka panthawi yomwe ikuuluka, imagwira mwamphamvu m'makhosi ake ndikupita nayo komwe palibe amene angasokoneze chakudya chake chamtendere. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa thandizo lakumva mwanjira yapadera kumathandiza kadzidzi kuti azitha kuchitapo kanthu ngakhale pakamveka phokoso lomwe limachokera kwa wovulalayo, ndipo izi zikutanthauza zambiri panthawi yosaka. Makutuwo sanakhazikike bwino: imodzi ili pamtunda wa mphuno, inayo pamlingo wam'mbali wam'mbali.
Kubereka
Kutengera mawonekedwe am'khola la nkhokwe, nyengo yawo yoswana imagweranso nthawi zosiyanasiyana. M'madera otentha, mulibe nyengo yobereketsa yotere.
Ponena za malo otentha, pano nyengo yobereketsa nkhuku imayamba mu Marichi - Epulo. Kukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi ndi mtundu wa akadzidzi amtundu uwu. Koma nthawi zina mumatha kuzindikiranso mitala, pomwe pamakhala akazi opitilira mmodzi pa amuna onse.
Anthu chisa, akuswa awiriawiri, kusankha, choyambirira, zachilengedwe - mabowo, mabowo, zisa za mbalame zina. Kadzidzi samanga zisa zawo. Ngati tikulankhula za malo osakondera, ndiye kuti ma attics, nkhokwe, nsanja za belu zimakhala ngati zisa. Zisa zimatha kupezeka mtunda wosiyanasiyana kuchokera pansi, koma osapitilira 20 mita kutalika.
Nthawi yokhwima ikangoyamba, yamphongo imawuluka mozungulira mtengo womwe amasamalira chisa. Munthawi imeneyi, amafuula mwamphamvu komanso mopanda phokoso, yomwe ndi njira yokopa wamkazi. Pambuyo pake, yamphongo imayamba kuthamangitsa wosankhidwa wake. Kufunafuna kumatha ndikukhwima, pambuyo pake wamkazi amaikira mazira ang'onoang'ono 4-8.
Mazira amaikidwa masiku 1-2. Nthawi yokwanira ndi masiku 29-34. Kusakaniza mazira ndi udindo wa mkazi, pamene mnzakeyo amamudyetsa nthawi yonseyi.
Wobadwa nkhokwe za kadzidzi yokutidwa ndi mulingo wakuda woyera fluff. Makolo amasamalira chakudya chawo popereka chakudya chimodzimodzi. Pambuyo masiku 35-45, anapiye amachoka pachisa chawo, ndipo atatha masiku 5-10 amatha kuwuluka kale. Anapiye amakhala odziyimira pawokha akafika miyezi itatu.
Kukhala ndi makolo awo masiku angapo apitawa, anapiye, pamodzi ndi achikulire, amathawira kokasaka, kotero amaphunzitsidwa. Iwo akutenga zokumana nazo zamtengo wapatali. Mbalame zazing'ono zimasunthira kutali ndi chisa chawo, utali wobalalika ungafikire ngakhale ma kilomita zikwizikwi. M'zaka zomwe pali mbewa zambiri nkhokwe nkhokwe kadzidzi ngakhale mumayendedwe otentha, imatha kupanga zophatikizana ziwiri nyengo iliyonse. Akazi achichepere kuyambira miyezi 10 amatha kubala ana.
Utali wamoyo
Malinga ndi zomwe zimapezeka polira, nkhokwe zachilengedwe zachilengedwe zimatha kukhala zaka 18. Koma chiyembekezo chawo chokhala ndi moyo ndichotsika kwambiri - pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Pali zosiyana ngakhale. Mwachitsanzo, munthu amene wakhala mu ukapolo kwa zaka 11.5 atha kudzitamanda ndi zotsatira za "ngwazi". Wolemba mbiri weniweni wa chiyembekezo chokhala ndi moyo ndi nkhokwe yochokera ku England, yomwe idatha kukhala ku ukapolo zaka 22.
Mbalame ya kadzidzi zachilendo komanso zosangalatsa. Chilombo chokhala ndi mtundu wobisala chimadzutsa chidwi ndi ulemu, ndichifukwa chake ambiri amayesa kuzitengera mbalamezi kunyumba. Ziwombankhanga zamtunduwu ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa powononga makoswe, amathandizira kuteteza zokolola momwe angathere.
