Nthawi ina tili mwana timawerenga nthano ya Andersen "Thumbelina". Mwamuna wolephera wa heroine wa nthanoyo anali mole - wamkulu, wonenepa, wakhungu, wokhala ndi malaya amtengo wapatali, wodekha, wolimba komanso wolimba.
Komabe, mwachilengedwe, nyama zodabwitsa izi ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo sizikhala bata. Zimayenda kwambiri, sizimadzibisalira komanso zimasaka nyama zambiri kuposa nyama zina. Sangathe kukhala opanda chakudya kwa maola oposa 15-17. Izi ndichifukwa choti mphamvu zambiri zimapita kukumba pansi.
Ponena za chovala chaubweya, ndiko kulondola. Timadontho-timadontho tili ndi ubweya wabwino wa veleveti. Zikopa zazing'ono, koma zolimba komanso zoyenera kusoka ubweya wa akazi. Zopangidwa sizinatenthe pang'ono, koma zinali zovalidwa bwino ndipo zimawoneka zokongola. Zinali zodula kwambiri. Mu USSR, panali nsomba zonse za zikopa zoterezi.
Tsopano yataya kufunika kwachuma ndipo ikupitilizabe pang'ono m'munda. Maso osaona alinso oona. Zilombozi ndi akhungu, ndipo nthawi zina khungu kwathunthu. Amakhalanso zinyama, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso okumba bwino kwambiri.
Mawu oti "mole" atha kutanthauziridwa kuti "digger". Ili ndi mizu yakale yachisilavo ndipo amatchulidwa chimodzimodzi m'zilankhulo zambiri. M'Chijeremani, kutanthauziraku kwatanthauzidwa mwachidwi: "mole" malinga ndi tanthauzo lawo "kukumba mbewa". Pakati pa dziko losangalatsa komanso losangalatsa la okhala mobisa, pali mawonekedwe apadera nyenyezi yamphongo.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Wamtali wocheperako, masentimita 13-18 okha, ndipo malaya ake si olemera kwambiri. Maso ake ndi owopsa ngati ma moles ena. Mphuno ya nyenyezi kapena nyenyezi-mphuno - mtundu wa zinyama zochokera kubanja la mole. Zimasiyana ndi anthu ena pakhungu pakhungu pamphuno mwa zidutswa 22.
Potengera kapangidwe kake, amafanana ndi abale ake ochokera ku Europe. Thupi, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kake, lidapangidwa kuti lizikumbukira njira zapansi panthaka ndikukhala m'maenje. Nyama yaying'ono, thupi limafanana ndi silinda kapena chozungulira, mutu wake umakhala wofanana ndi mphuno yosongoka, pakhosi pafupifupi losazindikirika.
Kutsogolo kumakhala ndi zala zisanu, ndipo ndi zida zokumbira pansi. Maonekedwe awo amafanana ndi fosholo, makamaka akatembenuka ndikukweza "zikhatho" zawo. Miyendo yakumbuyo ilinso ndi zala zisanu, koma ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zakutsogolo.
Chovalacho sichikhala ndi madzi, cholimba kuposa cha abale ena, ndipo mtundu wake nthawi zambiri umakhala wabulauni. Zowona, anthu nawonso ndi akuda, koma kangapo. Mchirawo ndi wautali kuposa wa "European moles", pafupifupi masentimita 6-8. Onse okutidwa ndi tsitsi lolimba. M'nyengo yozizira, chiwalo ichi chimakhala ngati "chipinda chosungira". Amakhuthala nyengo yozizira, amapeza mafuta ambiri.
Chinyamacho chimalemera kuyambira 45 mpaka 85 g, poganizira nyengo, chakudya chochuluka komanso kugonana. Pokhala mumdima nthawi zambiri, ma moles ataya chizolowezi chowagwiritsa ntchito. Makutu sawoneka, koma izi sizimakhudza kumva mwanjira iliyonse, amamva bwino.
Mphuno ya nyenyezi pachithunzichi ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri. Amawoneka wosangalatsa komanso wowopsa. Mbali zonse ziwiri za mphuno, kumapeto kwake, pali zotupa pakhungu, 11 mbali iliyonse. Amawoneka ngati nyenyezi, motero dzina. Koma makamaka ngati zovuta za chilombo chachilendo.
Chifukwa cha ichi, chimagwira mwapadera. Ndiwo, "amayang'ana" chakudya ndikufufuza ngati chakudyacho chimakhala chokwanira. Njira yonse yopezera ndi kuyang'ana chakudya imatenga nthawi yocheperako kwa mole yokhala ndi nyenyezi kuposa anthu ena, makamaka chifukwa chakukula kumeneku.
Ndipo amawasuntha panthawiyi mwachangu kwambiri, pafupifupi osavomerezeka ndi diso la munthu. Pokhapokha pakujambula ndikotheka kuwona mayendedwe awa. Mole amatha kuwona zinthu zazing'ono 30 pamphindikati ndi "ndevu" zake. Mano ake ndi ochepa komanso owonda poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Amatha kuluma mwachangu komanso mopweteka. Chiwerengero cha mano 44.
Mitundu
Banja la mole ndilofala kwambiri m'makontinenti awiri - North America ndi Eurasia. Zonsezi, ili ndi mibadwo pafupifupi 17, yomwe imaphatikizapo mitundu yoposa 40 yama timadontho. Nyama zonse, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, nyama zodya nyama.
Amakhala makamaka mobisalira, amakhala ndi mphamvu yakununkhiza, kukhudza komanso kumva, koma sawona bwino kapena samawona konse. Pali mayina amitundu omwe amachititsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyenda komwe amakhala.
Mwachitsanzo, zikuluzikulu zaku China, Himalayan, Japan, Vietnamese, West ndi East American, West Chinese, Siberia, Caucasian, Europe, Asia Minor, Iberian, California, Pacific, Irani, Yunnan moles. Zikuwoneka kuti si mitundu yonse yomwe imadziwika ndi malo okhala.
Mayina a mitundu ina akuwonetsa mawonekedwe awo akunja. Mole wa mano akulu, wamfupi, wamiyendo yoyera, waubweya waubweya, wochenjera, wautali, wakhungu ndi zitsanzo za mayina kutengera mawonekedwe akunja. Palinso mayina "otchulidwa" - mole ya Stankovich, mole ya Kobe, mole ya Townsend.
Anthu onsewa ndi ochepa kukula, kuyambira masentimita 8 mpaka 13. Mwachitsanzo, mole yaku Europe ndi masentimita 13, America yoyenda padziko lapansi ndi 7.9 cm, khungu losaona ndi masentimita 12. Desman ndi ma shrew amatha kutchulidwa kuti ndi banja la omwe amafufuza mobisa.
Pali zosiyana pamitundu yomwe yatchulidwa yomwe mutha kumvera. Mwachitsanzo, maso a khungu losaona nthawi zonse amabisika pansi pa khungu, mole ya ku Caucasus ilibe matope amaso, imatha kutsimikiziridwa ndi X-ray.
Mole ya ku China sikangokhala yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopepuka, imakhala ndi miyendo yayitali, kutsogolo kwake sikunapangidwe kukumba ndi kusambira. Sapangidwa, monga ma moles ena, ndipo samawoneka ngati fosholo. Desman moles alibe tsitsi, thupi lawo lonse limakutidwa ndi vibrissae - tsitsi lolimba.
Mole yayikulu kwambiri ndi ya ku Siberia, imakhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 19 ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 220 g. Imabala ana motalikirapo, pafupifupi miyezi 9. Mole waku Japan woyenda padziko lapansi ndiwokwera kwambiri pamitengo ndipo amatha kuwononga chisa pamtunda wa 2-4 m
Ndipo timadontho tating'onoting'ono ta ku Australia tokhala mu mzere wina. Amakhala ndi moyo wofanana komanso mawonekedwe ake ndi timadontho-thunzi, nyama zoyamwitsa zimatchedwa kuti zofanana, koma mtundu wa marsupials.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Mphuno ya nyenyezi imakhala ku North America. Amakhala kudera lalikulu kuchokera ku Canada kupita kudera la Georgia. Kwenikweni, chifukwa chakuti idapezeka kwambiri ku Canada, dzina lina la cholengedwa ichi ndi nyenyezi yaku Canada mphuno.
Nyama izi ndi zokhazokha zomwe zimatha kukhala m'magulu. Mitundu ina yonseyi imakangana kwambiri. Amasankha dothi lokhathamira, madambo onyowa kuti athetse, amafunikira chinyezi.
Amakumba nthaka, ndikupanga njira zonse zapansi panthaka. Amakumba nthaka ndi ziwalo zawo zam'mbuyo, amazungulira thupi lawo mozungulira, ngati kuboola. Kenako amakankhira padziko lapansi, ndikupanga timiyulu ting'onoting'ono. Izi "mapiramidi" zimatsimikizira komwe kumakhala ma moles.
Amakonzekeretsa burrow wawo, imodzi mwa "zipinda" zambiri imakhala ngati chipinda chogona kapena malo opumira. Amaziyala ndi masamba owuma, udzu, udzu wawung'ono ndi mizu. Chipinda choterocho chimakhala kutali ndi kutsegulira koyambirira, kumapeto kwa gawo lodabwitsa labisala lomwe limafanana ndi labyrinth.
Ili pamtunda wa mita imodzi ndi theka kuchokera padziko lapansi. Ndime zomwe zimalumikizana ndizolimba kwambiri, zopindika komanso zokonzedwa pafupipafupi. Mpweya sumalowamo mwachindunji, koma ndikwanira kuchokera zitsime zomwe zidakumbidwanso pansi pazoyenda zonse zapansi panthaka. Pali zowonadi kuti pali magawo opita kumadzi. Mphuno ya nyenyezi yanyama amatsogolera moyo wam'madzi am'madzi. Amakonda kusambira, kudumphira m'madzi komanso kusaka m'madzi.
Ndipo padziko lapansi imapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa ma moles ena. Nyama zamtunduwu zimasaka pamtunda, mobisa komanso m'madzi. Zochita zawo sizigawidwa ndi nthawi yamasana, ali olimba mofanana usana ndi usiku. Iwo samabisala m'nyengo yozizira, amayenda kukafunafuna nyama mwachindunji chisanu, kapena kuyenda pansi pamadzi. Alenje osatopa komanso osunthika.
Amakhala m'magulu, kapena m'malo mwake, m'mabanja akulu. Nyama zamphongo za nyenyezi ndi nyama zocheza, ndipo zimagwirizana kwambiri. Umu ndi m'mene amasiyanirana ndi mitundu ina yomwe imakonda kukhala yokha. Pafupifupi nthawi zonse, amuna amakhala ndi akazi kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, zomwe zikuwonetsa kukhulupirika kwawo komanso kukhala ndi mkazi m'modzi. Ndipo kumverera kwamphamvu kwambiri komwe ali nako ndi chikondi cha makolo.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timadya nyama mwachilengedwe, choncho nthawi zina zimakhala zankhanza, zokonda magazi komanso zobwezera. Polimbana ndi malo awo okhala, timadontho-timadontho timamenyana wina ndi mzake mwaukali. Panali ngakhale milandu yodyedwa ndi nyama "yokongola" iyi. Nyama zimapanga phokoso losasangalatsa, zimayimba mluzu ndikulira, ngati makoswe.
Zakudya zabwino
Monga tanenera kale, yathu nyama yonyamula nyenyezi Ndi mlenje wosunthika. Imayang'ana nyama ngakhale pansi pa ayezi komanso pansi pa chisanu. Komabe, zosankha zake ndizosiyanasiyana pang'ono kuposa zomwe zimapezeka ndimadontho ambiri, popeza imasakanso pansi pamadzi. Kwenikweni, chakudya chake ndi mphutsi, tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo.
Timadontho-timadontho kuwononga wireworms, weevils, zimbalangondo, mphutsi zosiyanasiyana kafadala ndi ntchentche, mbozi. Amatha kudya slug. M'madzi, amatha kugwira nkhanu zazing'ono, nkhono ndi nsomba zazing'ono. Tiyenera kudziwa apa kuti chinyama chimayenda mozungulira, pansi komanso m'madzi.
Amamva kununkhiza, amatha kununkhiza nyama yayitali. Kenako, posunthira pansi kapena pamtunda, amamupeza. M'madzi, imatha kupikisana ndi nsomba zina posambira mwachangu.
Nyama ndi yosusuka, imadya 5-6 patsiku, motero imakakamizidwa kukulitsa malo ake osakira. Atatha kudya, chilombochi chimadzipindulira mpaka mu mpira wawung'ono, ndikutsamira mutu ndi miyendo yake pansi pamimba, ndikugona kwa maola pafupifupi 4.
Nthawi imeneyi, chakudyacho chimakhala ndi nthawi yogayidwa. Nthawi zina amapeza nyongolotsi, osaluma pansi, koma pogwiritsa ntchito ma tunnel akale. Nyamayo imatulutsa nyama yapadera yomwe imakopa nyama. Ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, nyongolotsi zimagwira ntchito, zimakopeka ndi kutentha ndi kununkhiza.
Ali ndi adani ambiri m'chilengedwe. Zitha kukhala mbalame, ndi nyama zazing'ono, monga skunk ndi marten, ndi nsomba zolusa. Inde, munthu analinso ndi dzanja pakusintha malo okhala nyama. Choncho, timadontho-timadontho timathamanga kwambiri komanso tili ndi luso. Izi zimawapatsa mwayi wopititsa patsogolo malo atsopano.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Amakwatirana kamodzi pachaka, nyengo yoswana imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi. Akazi achichepere amalowa munthawi ino kuposa achikulire. Mabanja okhala ndi nyenyezi mu nthawi yophukira, ndikukhala limodzi mpaka nthawi yamanja isanakwane. Mwakutero, akuyang'ana mwatcheru. Kuti zigwirizane, zimabwera pamwamba.
Masiku 45, kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni, mkazi amayenda ali ndi pakati, kenako kuyambira ana 2 mpaka 7 amabadwa. Pofika nthawi yobadwa, amayi awo amasamukira kuchipinda chofunda, chowuma, chimodzi mwazipinda "zopumulira". Ili kutali kwambiri ndi dziko lapansi komanso pakhomo lolowera. Timadontho tating'onoting'ono simawoneka bwino, ndi dazi, koma timakula ndikukula msanga kwambiri.
Maso ndi makutu amatseguka pakatha milungu iwiri, kenako "nyenyezi" pamphuno imayamba kukula. Poyamba, amayi awo amawadyetsa mkaka, pang'onopang'ono amasiya kuyamwa pakuphika mkaka. Pambuyo pa masabata 3-4, kamulu kakang'ono kamadya kale ngati wamkulu. Amakula, amafikira zaka 10 zakubadwa. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 4 mpaka 6.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza anthu
Olima minda amaopa kuti timadontho-timadontho timene timadziluma zomera kapena kudziluma pa mizu. Komabe, powononga tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, timadontho timathandiza kwambiri anthu. Amamasula nthaka mwangwiro, nthaka yomwe yatengedwa kuchokera ku molehills ndi yotayirira, sikuyenera kuti isungidwe, ili ndi dongosolo labwino. Amawononganso kachilombo ka waya ndi chimbalangondo - adani osatha m'munda, mbozi zomwe zimadya zomera. Ubwino wake ndi waukulu.
Koma ngati timadontho timatulutsa timadontho patsambali, izi sizopindulitsanso. Awa ndi tsoka. Amaswa mabedi, mabedi, njira. Zonse zikukumba, zikuwononga mbewu. Ndipo zimawononganso mphutsi zapadziko lapansi, ndipo zomwe, monga mukudziwa, ndizothandizanso pakupanga nthaka.
Zachabechabe kuwononga mayendedwe awo, nthawi yomweyo amapanga zatsopano. Anthu apeza njira zothanirana ndi ma moles ambiri mderali. Iyi ndi misampha yosiyanasiyana, ziphe, njira yodzaza mabowo ndi madzi ndi zotetezera. Komanso munthu amaphunzitsa agalu kapena amphaka kusaka timadontho. Iliyonse ya njirazi ili ndi zovuta.
Kuti mupange msampha, muyenera kudziwa kusuntha komwe nyama imayenda pafupipafupi. Ndizopanda ulemu kugwiritsa ntchito ziphe kuti ziwonongeke, komanso, ndizotetezeka kwa anthu ndi nyama zina. Madzi amatha kutsanulidwa pamwamba pa maenje, koma pali mwayi woti zosefukira. Kenako dothi lidzauma, ndipo nyama zidzabwerera.
Kuphunzitsa galu kapena mphaka kusaka mole ndikothandiza, koma motalika. Apanso, kutengera kuchuluka kwa nyama zomwe muli nazo patsamba lino. Ngati pali zambiri, wothandizira wanu sangathe. Ena amaika maukonde pansi kapena amakwirira zinthu zakuthwa, koma njira zoterezi sizabwino.
Njira yaumunthu komanso yothandiza ndiyo kukhazikitsa zoletsa zosiyanasiyana. Zokongoletsera zaphokoso zimatsindika nyamayo. Iye sakonda mkwiyo phokoso ndi masamba. Zowona, phokoso lalikulu limatha kukwiyitsa munthu komanso anansi ake.
Pali akupanga owopsa, zonunkhira zomwe zimawopseza nyama. Pali mbewu zomwe zimachotsa mole m'deralo ndi fungo lawo, mwachitsanzo, nyemba, marigolds, lavender, calendula, adyo, anyezi.
Zosangalatsa
- Tsitsi lake la thupi limatha kupindika mbali iliyonse, izi zimalola kuti mole iyende m'njira zake zapansi patsogolo osati mutu wake wokha, komanso mchira wake. Amakhala mlengalenga mosavuta ndipo amayenda mothamanga mofanana pazochitika zonsezi.
- Timadontho-timadontho sanakhetse 2 pa chaka, koma nthawi zambiri. Kuyenda mosadukiza pamagawo opapatiza kumafafaniza ubweya wawo, ndikuwakakamiza kuti achotse ubweya wokhotakhota kangapo pachaka.
- Potengera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe adadya, amakhala ngati wolemba mbiri. Ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 45 mpaka 85, imadya mpaka magalamu 22 a nyongolotsi nthawi imodzi, ndi magalamu 50-60 patsiku. Uwu ndiye pafupifupi kulemera kwa thupi lake.
- Sitikulimbikitsidwa kusunga timadontho mu ukapolo. Amayenera kukumba pansi nthawi zonse, apo ayi akanenepa. Palibe zowonjezera zomwe zingalowe m'malo mwa nthaka. Popanda kugwira ntchito yofukula, chinyama chifa.
- Asayansi-akatswiri ofukula mabwinja ochokera ku Denmark asankha kupeza ntchito moles. Amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati makina osakira, popeza iwo, akumba nthaka, amatulutsa zonse zomwe zilimo. Zojambula zimayambanso kuchita izi.
- Timadontho-timadontho timakhala ndi chidziwitso champhamvu kwambiri, "timaneneratu" chivomerezi.
