Gulugufe kabulu gulugufe - tizilombo todziwika bwino. Akudzuka pakati pa oyamba masika, akuwoneka kuti ndi wokongola komanso wosasamala. Komabe, alimi ndi alimi, omwe nthawi zambiri amasangalala ndikudzuka kwa tizilombo, gulugufe wokongola komanso wosakhwima ameneyu samabweretsa chisangalalo.
Amawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazirombo zoopsa kwambiri, ndipo akuyesera ndi mphamvu zawo zonse kuti achotse. Kodi tizilombo timeneti ndi chiyani? Chifukwa? Kodi gulugufe wa kabichi amatchedwa choncho? Ndipo adapeza kuti mbiri yowonongekayi?
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Lepidoptera iyi ndi ya banja lalikulu la ntchentche zoyera, zomwe zimaphatikizapo mitundu 1146, genera 91. Dzinalo lonse lasayansi ndi kabichi woyera (lat. Pieris brassicae). Kukula kwa achikulire kumasiyana masentimita 2.5 mpaka 3.3. Akazi ndi akulu pang'ono kuposa amuna. Mapiko a mapiko akale amachokera ku 5.1 mpaka 6.3 cm, kumapeto kwake kuchokera ku 4.9 mpaka 6.2 cm
Mtundu waukulu wa gulugufe ndi woyera kapena zonona. Makona akunja a mapiko ali ndi m'mbali yakuda. Akazi nawonso ali ndi kadontho kamodzi kakuda pa phiko lililonse lakumtunda. Mbali yamkati yamapiko imakhala yobiriwira. Chifukwa chake, tizilombo tomwe tapuma pa chomera sichingazindikiridwe.
Pafupifupi thupi lonse la kabichi, lopangidwa ndi mutu, chifuwa ndi mimba, limakutidwa ndi tsitsi labwino kwambiri. Gulugufe akatera pa duwa, timagulu ting'onoting'ono ta mungu timakhazikika pamitsitsi imeneyi. Choncho, kabichi whiteberry imathandizira pakuyendetsa mungu.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timadyetsa nthendayi. Kawirikawiri amazipotokola. Tizilomboti timawongola kokha tikamafuna kupeza timadzi totsekemera pa duwa. Ziwalo za masomphenya a gulugufe zimaimiridwa ndi maso ozungulira komanso akulu. Ma receptors olimba ndi opatsa chidwi amapezeka kumapeto kwa tinyanga tating'onoting'ono.
Pali zikhadabo ziwiri pamiyendo isanu ndi umodzi ya gulugufe. Ndi thandizo lawo, likhoza kuchitidwa pa khungwa. Nthawi yomweyo, zikhomo zakutsogolo zimapangidwa bwino mu kabichi kuti zimatha kuzigwiritsa ntchito poyenda. Whale whale whale amayenda mowirikiza. Izi zimamuteteza ku mbalame, chifukwa ndizovuta kwambiri kuti womalizirayo agwire tizilombo tomwe timayenda mosunthika.
Gulugufeyu amagwiritsanso ntchito mtundu wake ngati chida choteteza komanso kuwopseza adani. Osati kokha tizilombo tachikulire, komanso mphutsi zawo ndi ziphuphu zimakhala ndi "kubisala" kosazindikira. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chakudziwika kwa zakudya, mbozi za kabichi zimatulutsa fungo losasangalatsa (chifukwa chake ndi mafuta ampiru okhala ndi mankhwala a sulfa), omwe amawopseza mbalame zambiri.
Mitundu
Powona gulugufe woyera m'munda kapena pabedi lamaluwa, nthawi zambiri amazindikira kuti ndi kabichi. Komabe, sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse - kabulu gulugufe ali ndi "awiriawiri" angapo ochokera kubanja lomwelo, lomwe nthawi zambiri limasokonezeka.
Koposa zonse, "wachibale" wake amafanana ndi kabichi loyera. Mapiko ake oyera amakhalanso ndi zipsera zakuda (champhongo chimakhala ndi chimodzi pamapiko, chachikazi chili ndi ziwiri), ndipo ngodya yamapiko ake akumwamba ndi yakuda. Nthawi yomweyo, mpiru ndi wocheperako - kutalika kwa thupi lake sikupitilira 2 - 2.6 cm, ndipo mapiko ake ndi 4-5 cm.
Kunja, ndi ofanana ndi kabichi ndi rutabagas. Kufanana kwapadera ndi azungu a kabichi kuli mu ma rutabags achimuna, ngodya zamapiko apamwamba omwe amakhalanso amdima wakuda. Komabe, kusintha kwawo sikutchulidwa kwambiri (kumatha kukhala kofiirira, imvi), ndipo mawangawo siosiyana kwenikweni. Kuphatikiza apo, phiko lakumunsi kwa gulugufeyu limakhala ndi chikasu, chobiriwira chikasu kapena chikasu chachikasu. Mapiko aamuna ndi a 3.5 - 4 cm, mwa akazi - 1.8 - 2.6 cm.
Kachilombo kena kotchedwa kabichi, hawthorn. Kukula kwake ndikofanana ndi kukula kwa kabichi yoyera (mapiko a 5 - 6.5 cm), koma palibe mabala akuda pamapiko ake - ndi oyera ndi mitsempha yakuda.
Kabichi ikhoza kusokonezedwa ndi nandolo ya azungu ambiri. Wotsirizayo alinso ndi kachidutswa kakuda pamapiko apamwamba. Komabe, ngodya zamapiko zimakhala zowala nthawi zonse. Gulugufeyu, nthawi zambiri, amatha kuwonekera m'mapiri komanso m'mapiri. M'munda, mosiyana ndi "anzawo", samakhala alendo pafupipafupi. Masiku ano, mtundu wa azungu amadziwika kuti ndi umodzi mwazovuta kwambiri, chifukwa chake umakhala woopsa kwambiri kuposa ena.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kawirikawiri gulugufe wa kabichi amakhala m'minda ndi madambo. Komabe, samakhalanso womasuka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'mbali mwa misewu, m'minda, m'mapaki komanso m'malo okhala - komwe kuli magetsi.
Chifukwa chokhoza kukwera kutalika kwa mita 20, ndikukhala ndi liwiro lofika 20 km / h pouluka, amasuntha mosavuta osati pakati pa minda yokha, komanso amayenda kuchokera kudziko lina kupita ku dziko lina ngakhale kuwuluka kupita kumayiko ena.
Poyamba, azungu a kabichi amakhala ku Western ndi Central Asia, koma malo amakono a tizilombo amenewa akula kwambiri. Lero amapezeka kulikonse kum'mawa kwa Europe (mpaka 62 ° N lat.), Ku North Africa, East Asia, ku Urals, kumwera kwa Siberia, kumwera kwa Primorye ngakhale ku Sakhalin.
Chifukwa cha kudalirana kwadziko, pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1800, mbewu zoyambirira za kabichi zidapezeka ku North America. Choyamba, agulugufe "adadziwa" gawo la Canada (adazindikira koyamba kuno ku 1860), kenako adasamukira ku United States. Mu 1893, mtundu uwu wa tizilombo unali utapezeka kale ku Hawaii.
Dziko lotsatira lomwe adasankha linali New Zealand (1930). Ndipo patapita zaka zingapo, amatha kupezeka kale kulikonse kudera la Australia. Tizilombo tinabwera ku South America kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Mwachitsanzo, ku Chile "adadziwana" m'ma 1970.
Ndizosangalatsa kudziwa kuti m'maiko ambiri zinthu zidayenda bwino kwambiri kubereketsa azungu kabichi kotero kuti kuchuluka kwawo kudakulirakulira mwachangu. Ndipo kuvulaza kwa tizilombo kwapeza kwambiri.
Agulugufe amenewa amangokhala osachedwa kugona, amagona m'ming'alu ya makoma, mipanda, ndi makungwa amitengo. Amagwira ntchito makamaka masiku otentha a dzuwa. Amakonda kudikirira kuti mvula igwe m'malo obisika.
Azungu a kabichi sakonda mafunde amphamvu am'mlengalenga, chifukwa chake amayesetsa kusankha madera abwinobwino amoyo ndi kuberekana. Kutuluka kwakukulu kwa ma kabichi kumayamba mchaka, nyengo yotentha ikangolowa. Kutalika kwa ntchito za agulugufe kuyambira pa Epulo mpaka zaka khumi za Okutobala.
Zakudya zabwino
Nthawi zambiri gulugufe wa kabichi pachithunzichi wogwidwa atakhala pa kabichi. Dzinalo la kachilomboli limanenanso za kukonda masamba awa. Komabe, si kabichi yokhayo yokoma ya kabichi yoyera. Wamkulu kabulu gulugufe amadyetsa timadzi tokoma, timakonda dandelions, chamomiles, nyemba, sivtsi.
Koma ana ake amakonda masamba a kabichi, rutabagas, horseradish, mpiru, kugwiririra, radish ndi radish. Chimbalanga cha kabichi sichingakane capers, nasturtium, mpiru komanso adyo. Dyera la mbozi (amadya pafupifupi mosalekeza) zimawapangitsa kukhala tizilombo toopsa m'minda ndi minda.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Monga tizilombo tambiri, chitukuko cha gulugufe wa kabichi imakhala magawo angapo otsatizana. Chifukwa cha azungu ambiri a kabichi, amuna samayenera kupita maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna bwenzi.
Kukopa chachikazi, chachimuna chimatulutsa fungo lamphamvu kwambiri, lofanana ndi la geranium. Asanapite patsogolo molunjika, agulugufe amawuluka limodzi pafupifupi mita 100 (mtundu wamisonkhano ndi chibwenzi).
Zosangalatsa! Mkazi wamkazi wokhala ndi umuna amabisala mu "ma suti" ena onse muudzu. Apa iye amapinda mapiko ake ndi amaundana. Ngati wamwamuna akupezabe chachikazi chobisika, amatsegula mapiko ake pang'ono kuti asakumane ndikupereka chisonyezo chokana (kukweza m'mimba mwakachetechete). Pambuyo pake, yamphongo yomwe imakwiyitsa imathawa ikasaka mnzake.
Zitakwatirana, zazikazi zimaikira mazira. Mikwingwirima yawo, iliyonse yomwe imatha kukhala ndi mazira 15 mpaka 100 (pansi pazabwino, mpaka mazira 200), agulugufe amayikidwa mkati mwamkati mwa masamba a mbewu za cruciferous (nthawi zambiri, pa kabichi). Apa mazira amatetezedwa bwino osati kuzilombo zokha, komanso ku mvula ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
Asayansi atsimikizira kuti chomera cha kabichi ndichabwino kuyala ndi fungo (panthawi yoyesera, tizilombo tidaikira mazira ngakhale pampanda wothira mafuta kabichi mosamala).
Zosangalatsa! Pakadutsa zaka zambiri, asayansi adazindikira gawo limodzi la chomera cha kabichi - sichimangoyikira mazira, koma amasamalira ana ake, kapena kuti, ali ndi chakudya chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, chachikazi sichimayikira mazira pamasamba amenewo pomwe pali kotsekemera wa gulugufe wina. Zimaganiziridwa kuti kupezeka kwa zida zakunja za kabichi kumathanso kudziwika ndi fungo.
Mazira a azungu a kabichi ndi ofanana ndi nthiti ndi nthiti zazitali. Mtundu wa mazirawo ndi wachikasu wolemera. Posakhalitsa, monga lamulo, patatha masiku 6-8, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira oyikidwiratu. Ntchito yawo yayikulu ndikupeza zofunikira pakukula kwa tizilombo.
Poyamba kabulu gulugufe mphutsi wochepa kwambiri ndipo amafanana ndi nyongolotsi yaying'ono. Komabe, kupitiriza kudyetsa, imakula msanga, ndikusandulika mbozi "yolimba" ya 4 - 4.5 cm.
Mbozi zomwe zatuluka kumene m'mazira zimafufuta khungu ndi mnofu m'masamba. Koma pang'onopang'ono chilakolako chawo chimakula, ndipo amatha kuthetseratu zobiriwira za zomera. Popeza kukula kwa mphutsi, komanso kuchuluka kwake, munthu amatha kulingalira mosavuta momwe amawonongera mbewu.
Ngakhale kuti mphutsi ndizochepa, zimakhala m'magulu akulu, monga momwe zimakhalira mu clutch. Koma akamakula, amakhala ndi malo komanso chakudya chochuluka. Chifukwa chake, amabalalika m'malo ambiri.
Achinyamata kabichi gulugufe mbozi ili ndi mtundu wachikasu kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira, womwe umalola kuti ziziphatikizana ndi tsamba lomwe lakhalapo. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha mitundu itatu yamitundu yamatenda yomwe ili mthupi lake, mphutsi imatha kusintha mithunzi yake, kutengera momwe ikukhalira. Chifukwa chake, pamasamba owala, mboziyo "imakhala yotumbululuka", ndipo pamasamba akuda, imapeza utoto wokwanira.
Kukula, mphutsi imasungunuka kanayi ndikusintha utoto. Poyamba, imakhala yobiriwira imvi ndi mawanga akuda. Mzere wachikaso umayenda mbali zonse za thupi, ndi wopepuka kumbuyo. Kenako mtundu waukulu wa mbozi umasintha n'kukhala wobiriwira. Mikwingwirima yakuda pambali, kumbuyo, ndi mawanga akuda m'thupi amakhalabe.
Mbozi imakutidwa ndi ma bristles abwino. Miyendo yake 16 yolimba imalola kuti iziyenda mosavuta pamwamba pa chinsalucho osagwa. Nsagwada zowoneka bwino za mphutsi zimakhala ndi mtundu wa kapangidwe kake ndipo zimakhala zikuyenda nthawi zonse. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi woluma komanso kutafuna ngakhale ulusi wolimba wokwanira.
Mofanana ndi achikulire, mbozi zimatha kusamukira kutali kwambiri kukafunafuna chakudya. Komabe, nawonso sakonda chinyezi (mvula yambiri) ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Mkhalidwe wabwino pakukula kwawo ndi nyengo youma ndipo t + 20 + 25 ° С.
Koma mosiyana ndi agulugufe, omwe amagwira ntchito masana, mphutsi zimakhala usiku. Zowonjezera, usiku amadya molimbika, ndipo masana "amapuma" m'munsi mwa mitu ya kabichi, kutali ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, mbalame ndi maso aanthu.
Kukula kwa mbozi ndi masabata 2-3, nthawi zina zimatenga masiku 40. Zonse zimatengera chilengedwe. Akakhala okondera kwambiri, ntchito imapita mwachangu. Pamapeto pake, mphutsi zakonzeka kuphunzira.
Pupa wa azungu a kabichi ndiye nthawi yosatetezeka kwambiri m'moyo wake. Munthawi imeneyi, satetezedwa ndi chilichonse ndipo sangathe kubisala pachiwopsezo. Chifukwa chake, kuti musunthire gawo lotsatira la chitukuko ndikusandulika pupa, mbozi ikuyang'ana malo obisika kwambiri (iyi ikhoza kukhala chitsamba chapafupi, thunthu lamtengo, kapena mpanda kuseli kwa khola).
Mutatenga ngodya yoyenera, imamangiriridwa kaye ndi ulusi wofanana ndi silika, kenako imazizira ndikuyamba kuphunzira pang'onopang'ono. Pupa la kabichi ndilofanana ndi mbozi - mtundu womwewo wachikasu wobiriwira wokhala ndi timadontho tating'ono tating'ono. Mawonekedwe ake ndi angular pang'ono.
Pambuyo pa masabata 1.5 - 2, chipolopolo cha cocoko chimang'ambika, ndipo gulugufe watsopano amachokera pamenepo. Ngati gawo la ophunzira limachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndipo nyengo siliyanjana ndi chitukuko china, chomera cha kabichi chimakhalabe ngati pupa ndipo chimakhala mu makanema ojambula mpaka masika.
Poyamba, mapiko a kachilombo ka "mwana wakhanda" ndi ofewa komanso opindika, motero gulugufe amawatambasula pang'onopang'ono ndikuuma padzuwa kwa maola angapo. Pafupifupi pomwe mapiko amalimba, gulugufe amakhala wokonzeka kuswana ndikubala ana. Nthawi yamoyo wa tizilombo wamkulu ndi masiku pafupifupi 20. Pafupifupi, ana awiri azungu a kabichi azungu amatha kubadwa nyengo iliyonse (m'malo otentha, gawo lachitatu la chitukuko ndilothekanso).
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndi m'badwo wachiwiri wa azungu a kabichi womwe umakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu kuminda yakumidzi komanso minda yothandizira yabizinesi. Cholinga chake ndikuti akulu akulu oyamba masika amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zomera zakutchire poyala, makamaka.
Wamaluwa panthawiyo anali asanapangidwe mokwanira kuti azidyetsa mphutsi zowopsa. Koma ana a chilimwe akhazikitsa ana ake kale pa kabichi wokhwima ndi mbewu zina zolimidwa za banja la cruciferous.
