Kusamvetsetseka kwa zokwawa kwakopa anthu kwanthawi yayitali. Anazunzidwa kwambiri kuposa oimira ena anyama, ambiri mitundu ya njoka zimayambitsa malingaliro osagwirizana - mantha ndi kusilira.
Okhala m'makontinenti osiyanasiyana, kupatula Antarctica, akuyimiridwa ndi mitundu 3200, yomwe ndi 7-8% yokha yomwe ili ndi poizoni. Zovuta pakuphunzira njoka zimalumikizidwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya zokwawa, kupezeka kwa mitundu yatsopano. Mabanja omwe amaphunzira kwambiri:
- njoka za njoka;
- slate;
- njoka;
- njoka zakhungu (anthu akhungu);
- wamiyendo yabodza;
- njoka zam'nyanja.
Wopangidwa
Banja lalikulu, kuphatikiza kopitilira theka, mpaka 70% yamitundu ya njoka padziko lapansi. M'banja, oimira ambiri omwe ali ngati mawonekedwe kale siowopsa, kupatula gulu la njoka zabodza. Mitundu imasiyanasiyana pakukhala - kumtunda, njoka zamadzi, arboreal, burrowing. Okonda zokwawa nthawi zambiri amasunga zokwawa zopanda pake m'malo awo.
Nkhalango kale
Wokhala ndi biotopes chinyezi. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, m'mphepete mwa nyanja, m'mbali mwa mitsinje, pafupi ndi nyanja, madambo. Mtunduwo umakhala wofiirira kwambiri. Kukula kwake ndi kwa masentimita 50 mpaka 100. Chakudyacho chimachokera ku nsomba, nyongolotsi, amphibiya, ndi mphutsi zawo.
Ku Russia, amapezeka ku Primorsky, Khabarovsk Territories. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi Far East Japan. Amakhala ndi moyo wobisika, wobisala pakati pa miyala, mu zitsa zovunda, wobisala pansi.
Wamba kale
Imakhazikika m'malo oyandikira madzi, imasambira bwino, imira pansi pamadzi kwa mphindi 20. Kusunthira pansi mpaka 7 km / h. Amadziwa kukwera mitengo. Kutalika kwa thupi kwa mita 1-2. Masikelo ali ndi nthiti. Mtundu waukulu ndi wakuda, bulauni, maolivi.
Mawanga awiri achikasu-lalanje nthawi zambiri amadziwika bwino m'mbali mwa mutu kumbuyo. Mimba ndiyopepuka, ndimadontho akuda amitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ntchito za njoka zimawonetsedwa masana, usiku amabisala m'maenje, zinyalala zamnkhalango, ndi maenje a mbewa.
Ku Europe, Asia, North Africa, amapezeka kale kulikonse, kupatula madera ozungulira. M'dera la Russia, njoka yofala kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka ngakhale m'malo okhala anthu ambiri pakati pa milu yazinyalala, komwe imapeza chitetezo chokha.
Medyanka
Njoka yokhala ndi mamba osalala. Pali mitundu yambiri yamkuwa yomwe ili ndi mawonekedwe wamba. Mayina amitundu ya njoka yokhudzana ndi mtundu wa miyala. Makolo akale ankakhulupirira kuti mitu yamkuwa yomwe imaluma anthu idzafa dzuwa litalowa, pamene dziko lapansi lidapangidwa ndi mithunzi yamkuwa. Njoka zopanda poizoni nthawi zambiri zimasokonezeka pakuwonekera ndi njoka zowopsa.
Kusiyana kwakukulu ndikapangidwe ka ophunzira. Mwa opopera, ndi ozungulira, njoka, ndizowongoka. Mtunduwo ndi wa imvi, kupatula zidutswa zaubweya wamkuwa pamutu. Nthawi zina mwa amuna, kuyika kumakhala kofiira. Mikwingwirima yokhala ndi zofiirira zakuda imayenda mthupi. Copperhead imapezeka konsekonse ku Europe.
Njoka ya Amur
Malo okhalamowa amaphatikizapo makamaka kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa China, Korea, Primorsky ndi Khabarovsk madera aku Russia. Kukula kwake kwa njokayo ndi masentimita 180. Mtunduwo umafotokozedwa ndi mdima wakuda ndi mutu, pomwe pamakhala mikwingwirima yachikaso.
Pali malo ambiri amdima pamimba yachikaso. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'nkhalango zamatchire, samapewa malo okhala anthu. Anthu ambiri amapeza othamanga kumbuyo kwawo, m'zipinda zam'mwamba, m'mapiri azinyalala zomanga. Amadyetsa mbalame, nthawi zambiri amawononga zisa zawo, kukwera mitengo. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo makoswe ang'onoang'ono, amphibian, zinyalala za chakudya.
Dinodon yakummawa
Odwala ku Japan. Chenjerani ndi njoka yamadzulo. Imasankha malo okhala ndi chivundikiro chambiri. Kutalika kwa thupi 70-100 cm. Mutu wakuda pamwambapa, kuwala pansipa, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndikutsekemera kwa khomo lachiberekero.
Mtundu waukulu wa thupi ndi lofiirira ndi mawanga akuda. Njoka siizowa. Pazodzitchinjiriza, kulira, kutuluka, komanso kuluma. Nthawi zina, zikafika pangozi, imadzibisa pansi, nkumayerekezera kuti yafa. Ku Russia, imapezeka pazilumba za Kuril.
Kolala eirenis
Njoka yaying'ono, yokongola. Thupi ndilopanda masentimita 50. Mtundu waukulu wa imvi-bulauni umakhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino chifukwa chakuti pakatikati pa sikelo iliyonse yaunikira.
Mzere wakuda pakhosi unapatsa mitunduyo dzina lake. Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa kolala, mawanga akuda-akuda amaphimba mutu wa Eirenis. Njoka zimapezeka ku Dagestan, Turkey, Iraq, Iran. Amakonda malo okhala otseguka, owuma.
Njoka ya paini
Kukonda malo okhala m'nkhalango za paini kunadzipatsa dzina la zokwawa. Zimatsogolera moyo wapadziko lapansi, ngakhale zimayenda mwangwiro pamitengo. Njokayo ndi yayikulu kukula, kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira 1.7 m. Kuwonekera kwa njoka osagunda mwapadera, kubisa mtundu wa mithunzi yakuda-bulauni yokhala ndi mawanga ozungulira osiyanasiyana. Amakonda malo ouma amiyala a kumapiri ndi otsetsereka. Amakhala ku USA, Canada. Pakakhala zoopsa, zimakodola mchira wawo ngati njoka.
Njoka yamphaka
Dzina lachiwiri ndi njoka yanyumba, chifukwa chokwawa nthawi zambiri chimatengeredwa m'mipangidwe yaumunthu. Mtundu wosowa wa njoka yaying'ono, mpaka 70 cm kutalika.Habitat - Middle East, Caucasus, Asia Minor. Mu Russia, mungapeze ku Dagestan.
Thupi limapanikizika mwanjira zonse, zomwe zimapereka mgwirizano. Zishango pamutu ndizofanana. Ophunzirawo ndi owongoka. Mtunduwo ndi wachikasu, nthawi zina pamakhala anthu okhala ndi utoto wa pinki. Kumbuyo kuli ndi mawanga akuda bulauni. Mimba ndi yopepuka, mawanga ake ndi ochepa, nthawi zina samapezeka. Makona pakamwa ndi maso amalumikizidwa ndi mzere wamdima.
Njoka ya buluzi
Zokwawa zolusa zazikulu zazikulu mokwanira. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 1.8 mita. Amapezeka ku France, Africa, Mediterranean. Njoka ya buluziyo imadziwika ndi liwiro lake loyenda, kumadya abuluzi ofanana kukula kwake. Khalidweli ndi losamala kwambiri. Ozunzidwa nthawi zambiri amawameza amoyo, osapunthwa. Kuluma kwaumunthu kumapweteka kwambiri, ngakhale sikupha. Amayesetsa kupewa kukumana ndi anthu.
Njoka zamitundu mitundu
Zizolowezi za njoka zopanda poizoni ndizofanana ndi zomwe gyurza amachita, zomwe zimaputa mwamphamvu mokweza, ndikuponyera mdani. Malovu ndi owopsa, amayambitsa kupweteka, kutupa, komanso nseru. Amakonda malo otseguka, okhala ndi malo okhala ambiri. Kukwera kumapiri aatali kwambiri, kumapiri otsetsereka. Mbali ya wothamangayo ndikumatha kukumba mabowo panthaka yofewa ndi mutu wake, ndikuponyera nthaka kumbuyo.
Njoka yamtengo wa paradaiso
Cholengedwa chodabwitsa chomwe chitha kuwuluka. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka 1.5 mita. Njokayo imakhala mu chisoti cha mitengo, imadzibisa yokha. Zishango zapadera pamimba ndi mchira zimathandizira kugwiritsitsa nthambi. Mitundu ya ma kite akuuluka onaninso nthumwi zisanu za mtunduwo, pomwe njoka ya paradiso ndiyo yowala kwambiri.
Kusefukira kwa zipatso zachikasu, lalanje, zobiriwira zimawoneka ngati kusungunula nyama m'masamba a masamba otentha. Akukankhira panthambiyo, njokazo zimachokera kutali kwambiri. Mlengalenga, amakhala osalala - amayamwa m'mimba mwawo, amapanga ma pirouettes onga mafunde kuti apange ma aerodynamics. Ndege zotere zimawathandiza kuthana ndi mtunda wa mita 100. Njoka sizili ndi poizoni, ndizotetezeka kwa anthu.
Njoka za Aspid
imayimilidwa ndi banja lalikulu, momwe mitundu yonse ndi yapoizoni. Ma asp ambiri amakhala ndi mutu wozungulira wolowera thupi. Kufupikitsa nsagwada zakumaso ndi mano owopsa. Kuluma kumakhudza kutha kwa kupuma komanso ntchito yamtima ya wovutikayo.
Kriboni krait (pama)
Mumakhala Indochina Peninsula, dera la Southeast Asia. Njoka yapoizoni. Mtunduwo umakhala ndi mikwingwirima 25-35 yowala yachikaso ndi yakuda yopingasa. Masikelo okhala ndi magawo atatu. Kutalika kwa njokayo ndi 1.5-2 mita.
Poukira wovulalayo, imaluma kangapo, imadzipweteka. The poyizoni amachititsa necrosis ya minofu, imalepheretsa dongosolo lamanjenje. Popanda chithandizo chamankhwala, imfa ya munthu yemwe wakhudzidwa ndi tepi krait imachitika mkati mwa maola 12-48. Amasaka usiku. Masana amapewa dzuwa, amabisala pansi pamiyala, m'malo opanda chinyezi.
Zikopa zamphiri
Kuwoneka modabwitsa kwa mutu kumalumikizidwa ndi kubowoleza kwa zochitika za njoka. Pambuyo pake, chishango cha intermaxillary chimakulitsidwa, m'mphepete mwake mumakhala pamwamba pamphuno. Kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 1 mita, chikasu-lalanje, mtundu wa mikwingwirima yakuda, m'lifupi mwake yomwe imalowera kumchira. Chovala chosiyanitsa chimachenjeza za kuopsa kokumana ndi mphiri.
Chishango - mitundu yachilendo ya njoka ndi nambala. Amakhala ku Africa. Osamenya popanda zisonyezo - phokoso la nyumba yotupa. Pangozi, amatha kunamizira kuti wamwalira, kutembenukira m'mimba, kuzizira. Ali mu ukapolo amasinthasintha ndikuswana. Amadziwika chifukwa chokwiyira olakwira omwe adawagwira mwachilengedwe.
Mamba othira madzi
Njoka yapadera yomwe ndi yovuta kuiphunzira chifukwa chachinsinsi chapadera cha kukhalapo kwake. Analandira dzina la mtundu wapadera wa mphete pa thupi. Njoka yokhala ndi mchira wakuda, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yachikaso-bulauni, imvi-yakuda. Monga achibale apadziko lapansi, mokwiya, amatsegula khungu.
Chikopa chofewa, chonyezimira chimayamikiridwa kwambiri ndi omwe amagwira njoka chifukwa chamakhalidwe ake. Cobra amakhala m'mphepete mwa mayiko aku Africa. Imayenda pang'onopang'ono pamtunda, mofulumira m'madzi. Zikakhala pangozi zimayandama. The poizoni amachititsa necrosis, ziwalo.
Cobra wofiira
Dzinalo limapereka kuthekera kodabwitsa kwa njoka kuwombera zinthu zapoizoni ndimiyendo yakuthwa ya minyewa. Cobra amaneneratu kuyenda kwa mutu wa mdaniyo kuti amenye mdaniyo ndi mitsinje yopyapyala. Mwandondomeko yosadabwitsa imatheka pothamanga kwambiri. Njokayo ndi kukula kwa mita 1-1.5.
Njoka yamchere
Njokayo ndi ya mita imodzi ndi theka ndipo ili ndi utoto wowala. Kusinthana mphete zakuda, zofiira ndi zakuthwa zoyera, kufalikira kwa madontho akuda. Mutu ndiwofewa. Njoka yoopsa imakhala m'chigwa cha Amazon, imakonda malo amvula. Kutsegula pakamwa kopapatiza kumalola kudyetsa nyama zochepa zokha. Kuluma ndi koopsa. Njoka imaluma mwa wovulalayo, salola kuti iwononge mdani mwamphamvu.
Taipan
Wokhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Australia, wopezeka ku New Guinea. Njoka yapakati, yomwe ndi yoopsa kwambiri m'banja lake. Mtunduwo ndi wolimba, wofiirira. Mutu, mimba ndi yopepuka kuposa kumbuyo.
Taipan ndi wamakani, amamenya wozunzidwayo kangapo, amakhala ndi vuto la neurotoxic. Munthu wopanda thandizo mwachangu amamwalira maola 4-12. Amadyetsa makoswe, mbewa, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayandikira malo okhala anthu pofunafuna chakudya.
Njoka ya kambuku
Mtundu wa mambawo ndi wakuda golide wokhala ndi mphete zofananira, zofanana ndi khungu la kambuku. Pali anthu akuda. Amakhala ku Australia, New Guinea m'malo odyetserako ziweto, madambo, madera okhala ndi nkhalango.
The poizoni wa chokwawa chimodzi zokwanira kupha anthu 400. Kumbali yamphamvu yachitapo, poyizoni wa kambuku ndiye wamphamvu kwambiri pakati pa njoka. Sayamba kuukira. Kuluma konse kunali kodzitchinjiriza. Zowopsa ndizoti masana njokayo siziwoneka ikamagona modekha ngati nthambi, ndodo, imaponderezedwa kapena kuponderezedwa mosadziwa.
Njoka yochititsa chidwi
Thupi la Indian cobra limakutidwa ndi masikelo osalala, mtundu wake ndi wachikasu-imvi, wakuda. Kutalika kwa thupi mpaka masentimita 180. Mbali yapadera ya njokayo ndi magalasi, kapena ma pince-nez, opakidwa utoto. Kufutukuka kwa nthiti za khomo lachiberekero pangozi kumachenjeza chilombocho kuti ndi zokonzeka kuukira.
Zinyama zimapezeka kumapiri, zimapezeka pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu m'mabwinja, milu ya chiswe. Njoka zapoizoni kwambiri. M'chikhalidwe cha Amwenye, amadziwika kuti ali ndi zamatsenga, amapatsidwa kunyadira malo m'nthano ndi nthano.
Black Mamba
Okhala m'malo omwe siopanda kwenikweni ku Africa. Njokayo ndi yayikulu kukula - 3 mita kapena kupitilira apo, ndi liwiro lopitilira 11 km / h. Kuponyera mamba ndikolondola kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali, kunalibe mankhwala oti amulume.
Munthu akhoza kufa mu mphindi 40-50 kuchokera ziwalo, kupuma kumangidwa. Kuopsa kwa njoka kumakhala kugona kwake, kukwiya kwambiri. Ngakhale zili ndi izi, mitundu ya njoka zakuda, kuphatikizapo mamba, ali m'gulu la zokwawa zokongola kwambiri.
Njoka zanjoka, kapena mphiri
pangani banja lomwe lingathe kusintha malo aliwonse. Mutuwo ndi wozungulira wozungulira katatu, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyenda kwakanthawi. Chokwawa chimatsegula pakamwa pake mpaka 180 °, chimatulutsa mano akali ndi poizoni kuti agonjetsedwe. Mitundu yonse ya njoka ndi za poizoni. Njoka ndizofala, Australia ndiye dziko lokhalo kupatula Antarctica komwe njoka zamphiri sizikupezeka.
Pakamwa pa Copperhead
Njokayo ndi yayitali kutalika ndi mchira waufupi wokutidwa ndi ma scute. Malire a mutu ndi khosi amadziwika bwino. Mtunduwo umaphatikizapo kuphatikiza kwa mithunzi yofiirira, mtundu wa mikwingwirima yopanda malire ndi malire.
Dzina lachiwiri la njokayo limafanana ndi utoto - moccasin. Amakhala makamaka kumwera chakum'mawa kwa United States. Kuchenjera kwa njoka kumaonekera pakuluma popanda chenjezo. The poizoni amasokoneza magazi oundana, amayambitsa nseru, kupweteka. Kukonzeka kuukira kumawonekera poyika ofanana ndi kalata S.
Njoka yamphongo yaku Mexico
Njoka yamutu wapabowo ndiyofiirira yakuda ndi mtundu wa diamondi. Mchira umadziwika ndi kusinthana mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera yomwe pang'onopang'ono imadutsa. Zokwawa zazikulu, mpaka 2 mita kutalika, njoka zimasankha malo amiyala kuti azikhalamo, kutali ndi gombe.
Sakonda chinyezi. Zinyama zimapezeka ku Central ndi South America. Monga ma congeners-rattlesnake, poyenda, njokayo imapanga phokoso ngati phokoso. Kudina phokoso kumayambitsidwa ndi mikangano pamiyendo. Gawo la kayendedwe ndi chizindikiro chowopsa.
Njoka wamba
Ndizofala, misonkhano ya otola bowa naye siachilendo. Kutalika pafupifupi 70 cm, utoto wonyezimira komanso wakuda, nthawi zina ndimayendedwe achikasu. Masikelo okhala ndi nthiti zotchulidwa.
Amasankha malo okhala ochulukirapo, owuma. Amakonda kuwonongeka, mitsinje yamapiri, malo otsetsereka amiyala. Njoka zimakhala moyo wokhazikika, osapanga mawonekedwe osakanikirana. Nthawi zina amayenda makilomita angapo ngati kulibe chakudya chokwanira.
Njoka yam'mphuno
Mphukira yotuluka pankhope ya njokayo imapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanda mphuno. Mutha kukumana ndi mphiri wamphongo ku Europe, Asia Minor. Mtunduwo ndi ofiira-ofiira, otuwa, mchenga. Nsonga ya mchira ndi yobiriwira kapena yofiira. Njokayo ndi yoopsa, koma palibe amene anafa ndi kulumidwa.
Njoka ya steppe
Kukula kwa njokayo ndikocheperako kuposa njoka wamba, kutalika kwa thupi sikungopitilira masentimita 65. Mzere wokhotakhota umayenda kumbuyo. Njoka iyi yafala ku Caucasus, Central Asia, Turkey, Iran. Amakonda malo otseguka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matsamba. Poizoniyo siwamphamvu kwambiri, samatsogolera kuimfa ya anthu ndi nyama, koma poyizoni wakupha amapereka zokumana nazo zambiri.
Nyanga keffiyeh
Okhala ku Southeast Asia, China, India. Njokayo siyingasokonezeke ndi ena chifukwa cha nyanga zazing'ono zomwe zili pamwamba pa maso. Thupi limakhala lalitali mpaka masentimita 80, lojambulidwa mumtundu wobiriwira, pomwe mawanga abuluu amabalalika. Mawonekedwe amafanana ndi mkondo wakuthwa. Amakhala ndi moyo wolimba kapena wapadziko lapansi. Njoka zambiri sizidutsa mita imodzi kutalika. Amasaka usiku, masana amabisala m'maenje, m'nkhalango.
Njoka yaku China
Amakhala kumapiri akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia kumtunda kwa kilomita imodzi. Thupi lake ndi lochindikala, laimvi-lofiirira mumtundu wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikaso-lalanje, mutu ndi wachikaso kwathunthu.
Zotupitsa za poizoni ndizochepa. Amapezeka m'minda ya mpunga, m'misewu, pakati pa tchire, pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu. Sikuti nthawi zonse imathamangira wolakwayo, kulira, kufufuma moopseza. Ngati iluma, siyisiya mpaka wovulalayo atasiya kuwonetsa zamoyo.
Gyurza
Zokwawa zazikulu, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 2 m, kulemera 3 kg. Mitundu ya njoka zapoizoni kulumidwa koopsa kwambiri pankhani ya kawopsedwe kumaphatikizapo gurza. M'Chilatini, dzina lake limamasuliridwa kuti njoka yamphongo.
Amapezeka ku Asia, North Africa. Mtundu siimasiyana kuwala. Chiyambi chachikulu ndi imvi zamitundumitundu, mawanga m'mbali mwa chitunda ndi otupa, bulauni. Mutu wopanda chitsanzo. Amasankha malo okhala kumapiri. Kubisala m'ming'alu ya miyala, pafupi ndi mitsinje yamapiri.Kukwawa kuminda yamphesa, mavwende, minda yolimidwa.
Bushmaster (surukuku)
Chimphona chenicheni pakati pa obadwa - njoka ndi pafupifupi 4 m kutalika ndipo imalemera 5 kg. Amapezeka kumadera otentha a ku Central America. Ngakhale ndi yayikulu, njokayo ndi yamantha, osati yankhanza. Thupi limakhala laling'onoting'ono lachilendo. Mtunduwo ndi wachikasu-bulauni, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ngati ma rombus akulu amdima kumbuyo.
Imasaka usiku, ndikukhala obisalira kwa nthawi yayitali, kudikirira wovulalayo. Mukakumana ndi nyama yayikulu, munthu amasankha kubisala, ngakhale ataluma kamodzi amamwa jakisoni wambiri, nthawi zambiri amapha. Imawomba mchira wake moopseza, kutsanzira njoka yamphongo.
Njoka yaku Pygmy yaku Africa
Mwa achibale, njoka yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yopanda vuto. Koma kulumako, monga ziweto zina, kumabwerera m'mbuyo. Kutalika kwa mphiri ndi masentimita 25 okha. Mtunduwo ndi wamchenga-bulauni. Amakhala ku Central Africa. Choyambirira cha njokayo ndi kusunthira chammbali, komwe kumakupatsani mwayi kuti musadziwotche mumchenga wotentha, kuti musalumikizane pang'ono ndi pamwamba.
Njoka yaphokoso
Okhala ku Africa, kumwera kwa Arabia Peninsula. Njoka yapoizoni, yoluma yomwe imapha popanda kuthandizidwa mwachangu. Ndondomeko yooneka ngati U pazikopa zagolide-beige imayenda pathupi lonse. Kuluma popanda chenjezo usiku. Masana, imaphatikizana ndi malo osiyanasiyananso, ikumira pakati paudzu, nthawi zina imakwera phula, saopa anthu. Imasambira bwino, imadziwa kudzikwirira mumchenga.
Banja la akhungu (njoka yakhungu)
imasiyana ndi mawonekedwe ngati nyongolotsi, yomwe imasinthidwa kukhala padziko lapansi. Mchira ndi waufupi, kumapeto kwake ndi msana, pomwe njoka imapuma ikamayenda. Maso amachepetsedwa, okutidwa ndi chishango chamaso, chophimba khungu.
Munthu wakhungu wa Brahmin
Njoka yaying'ono, yayitali masentimita 12, imakonda kukhazikika mumiphika yamaluwa mumsewu, yomwe idatchedwa njoka yamphongo. Chifukwa chake amayenda kuzungulira dziko lapansi.
Njoka yamiyendo yopapatiza ya Barbados
Mtundu wosowa wa njoka yaying'ono kwambiri, wamasentimita 10 okha, atatsala pang'ono kutha. Dera lomwe akukhalalo likuchepa chifukwa chodula mitengo. Moyo wa njoka zazing'ono ndi waufupi - kuyambira kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Dzira limodzi likangoyalidwa monga mwana limayika anthu pachiwopsezo.
Munthu wakhungu wamkulu
M'banja, njokayo imawerengedwa ngati chimphona - kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala mita imodzi. Nyama yopanda vuto yomwe imakhala mobisa ku Central Africa. Amakumba pansi kosatha posaka mphutsi mu milu ya chiswe. Pogwira ntchito ndi mutu wake, kupumula pamsana pa mchira, gulugufe amayenda mwachangu panthaka yosalala. Amapewa malo amiyala.
Njoka yakhungu ngati nyongolotsi
Malo okhala ndi otentha, otentha. Cholengedwa sichowopsa kwa anthu. Kunja, njokayo ikuwoneka ngati nyongolotsi yayikulu. Mutha kukumana pakati pa mizu ya mitengo, pakati pamiyala. Thupi lonse limakutidwa ndi sikelo yaying'ono kwambiri. Ndimapereka fungo losasangalatsa pangozi.
Njoka zamiyendo yabodza (boa constrictor)
Zoyambira za mafupa a m'chiuno, miyendo yakumbuyo monga mawonekedwe amphongo adatcha banja. Zazikulu mitundu ya njoka pachithunzichi ikukula modabwitsa, kutalika kwa matupi wandiweyani ndi ma 8-10 mita, ngakhale pali zazitali mpaka theka la mita.
Anaconda
Thupi lalikulu lokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono limalemera pafupifupi 100 kg, kutalika kwa chimphona ndi 5-6 mita, ngakhale pali malipoti a anthu akuluakulu. Nyamayi imatha kumeza nyama yofanana nayo. Kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 35, koma kumatambalala kukula komwe kukufanana ndi nyama. Pakamwa komanso pakhosi amathanso kukwera, motero anaconda samvera chidwi ndi kuchuluka kwa wovulalayo.
Anaconda alibe zilonda zam'mimba zoopsa. Mabala ake ndi owawa koma osapha. Mtunduwo ndi chithaphwi, cholola kubisala kwabwino m'chilengedwe. Amakhala ku South America, amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, amasambira kwanthawi yayitali. Ngati dziwe louma chifukwa cha kutentha, anaconda amakwiriridwa pansi pake, amaundana mpaka nthawi yabwinopo.
Nsomba yotulutsidwa
Chimphona chimatcha dzina la njoka yayikulu kwambiri, popeza anthu amphona amakula mpaka mita 8-10 kapena kupitilira apo. Kukhazikika kumtunda komanso kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Zimatsogolera makamaka kumtunda, koma kukwera mitengo kuti mupumule ndikusaka, imakonda kugona m'madzi.
Samapewa malo okhala anthu, chifukwa nthawi zonse amapeza kena kake kopindulitsa - nkhuku, nkhumba, nyama zapabwalo, zomwe zatsamwitsidwa ndi unyinji wawo. Mtundu wa Brown, mtundu wa diamondi yaying'ono ngati gridi idapatsa dzinali zimphona zokwawa.
Nsato ya kambuku
Mwachilengedwe, pali zokwawa zokongola zochepa kwambiri, ku Asia, kwawo kwa nsato, adawonongedwa chifukwa cha khungu lawo lowoneka bwino, ndikupeza magazi, bile kuti achiritse, nyama. Mitundu yomwe ili pangozi nthawi zambiri imasungidwa ndikusungidwa mu ukapolo.
Chiphonacho chili bwino kwa anthu. Amakhala moyo wokhazikika, wodekha. Mimbulu imasambira bwino, imakonda malo achithaphwi. Achinyamata akukwera mitengo, koma pamapeto pake amasiya. Amakula m'moyo wonse, motero pali mgwirizano pakati pa kukula ndi msinkhu wa njokayo.
Chitsulo chakuda (belena)
Kukula kwake kwa njoka ndi 2-2.5 mita. Chitsanzo cha mizere yoyera ndi yachikaso pamtundu wakuda wonyezimira ndichothandiza kwambiri. Malo okhalamo amakhala m'chigawo cha New Guinea. Njokazo zimakhala m'malo amiyala ndipo zidang'ambika kwambiri kuti zibise.
Mtundu wakuda umalola kuti nyamazo zizitha kutentha msanga kutentha pang'ono. Pafupi kwambiri ndi nsato zakuda, palibe njoka zina zomwe sizingathe kupirira kusintha kwa kutentha - kutentha kwakukulu kwa ma ultraviolet, kuzizira usiku.
Common boa constrictor
Mu gulu lake, njoka yodziwika kwambiri yomwe ikukhala m'malo am'mapiri, zigwa za mitsinje, pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala. Amakonda kwambiri nkhalango zamvula.
Ku Mexico, a boa constrictor amadziwika kuti ndi mthenga wa Mulungu, sanawasokoneze popanda chifukwa, chifukwa kufufuma ndi chizindikiro cha tsoka. Imatsogolera madzulo, kusaka usiku, kudalira fungo labwino. Maso a boa constrictor ndiofooka, kumva kulibeko. Imatha miyezi ingapo osadya.
Western boa
Njoka yaying'ono, kutalika kwa thupi pafupifupi 80 cm. mitundu ya njoka ku Russia, munthu sangalephere kuyang'anitsitsa cholengedwa chobisika ichi, chodabwitsa chomwe chimakhala ku Chechnya, kumwera kwa Stavropol Territory. Kukumana naye ndichabwino kwambiri.
Amakonda pogona m'makola a mbewa, pakati pazokoka, koma amangobowola pansi, kuti apewe kukumana. Maso ali pambali pamutu, mosiyana ndi wachibale wamchenga. Boa constrictor imadziwika ndi kusiyanasiyana kwamitundu. Ziwombankhanga zili ngati pinki, koma kumbuyo kwake kumakhala kofiira, kofiirira, kapena imvi wokhala ndi malo amdima obalalika.
Nyoka zam'nyanja
amasiyana pamapangidwe ndi abale apadziko lapansi. Mchirawo umaphwanyidwa kuti uthandize kusambira. Mapapu oyenerera amatambasula thupi mpaka kumchira. Kuti mupeze mpweya, zimatuluka, m'madzi mphuno zimatsekedwa ndi valavu yapadera. Njoka zambiri zam'nyanja sizingathe kuyenda pamtunda.
Bicolor bonito
Chilengedwe chokongola komanso chowopsa. Njoka yam'nyanja yokhala ndi thupi lofanana ndi lamba, kutalika kwa thupi lathyathyathya ndi pafupifupi mita 1. Mtunduwo umasiyanitsa - pamwamba pake ndi bulauni yakuda, pansi pake ndichikasu, mchira umaphatikiza mitundu yonse iwiriyo ngati mawanga.
Njokayo ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Dontho limodzi likhoza kupha anthu atatu. Amakhala ku Indian, Pacific Ocean. Amapezeka munyanja yotseguka, m'mbali mwa nyanja, pomwe imabisala pakati pa ndere, poteteza nyama yake. Samathamangira munthu ngati sanasekedwe kapena kuchita mantha.
Njoka yam'nyanja ya Dubois
Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku Australia, komwe njoka zimakonda kukumana ndi akusuta. Malo omwe mumawakonda - pakati pa miyala yamtengo wapatali, matope, algae pakuya kwa 1 mpaka 30 mita. Mtundu wa njokayo ndi bulauni wonyezimira, pathupi pali mabala oyenda kumbuyo ndi mbali.
Krait yam'nyanja (lalikulu flattail)
Amakhala m'madzi am'nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Indonesia, zilumba zaku Philippines. Chodziwika bwino cha njokayo ndikufunika kukwera kumtunda maola asanu ndi limodzi aliwonse kuti apume mpweya. Oyendetsa sitima amadziwa kuti mawonekedwe a kraits amatanthauza kuyandikira kwa nthaka.
Njokayo ndi yowopsa kwambiri, koma imagwiritsa ntchito poyizoni pakudzisaka, kudziteteza. Mukakumana, simungapangitse krait kukhala yankhanza. Dontho la poizoni ndilokwanira kwa ozunzidwa khumi ndi awiri. Mtundu wa njokayo ndi wabuluu wobiriwira ndimiphete yakuda mthupi. Asodzi, ngati khola likugunda ukondewo, siyani nsombazo kuti mupewe kukumana ndi nyama yolusa.
Dziko la njoka ndilosiyana kwambiri. Zina mwa njoka ndi zimphona ndi zolengedwa zazing'ono. Amachita chidwi ndi mphamvu, kuthamanga, kulimba, kulondola. Kafukufuku wamitundu akuwulula zinsinsi zambiri za zolengedwa zodabwitsa zachilengedwe.
