Mdziko lapansi pansi pamadzi, pali nyama zambiri zokongola zam'madzi zomwe zimawoneka modabwitsa. Nsomba izi "zopotoka" zimaphatikizapo scalar wamba... Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola, kudzichepetsa komanso mawonekedwe abwino, amakhala kwanthawi yayitali osati mitsinje yam'malo otentha, komanso nyanja zam'madzi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Scalar wamba
Mtundu wa scalar udachokera ku chilengedwe kuchokera ku nsomba zamathambo, zomwe zidawonekera chifukwa cha kusinthika zaka 290 miliyoni zapitazo. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera kwa omwe adayambitsa mafupa zaka 70 miliyoni zapitazo, zopanga zonse zidayamba, zomwe zidakhala zosiyana kwakuti pakadali pano dongosolo la Perchiformes limawerengedwa kuti ndiochulukirapo potengera kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya nsomba (mitundu 11,255).
Kanema: Scalar wamba
Zolemba zoyambirira zamakalasi zimayambira ku 1823, pomwe adafotokozedwa ndi wasayansi waku Germany Schulze, adawatcha Zeus scalaris. Nsomba zinayamba kubweretsedwa ku Ulaya kuchokera ku South America mu 1911, koma zitsanzo zonse zinafa. Kuswana bwino kwamasamba kunayamba pambuyo pake mu 1924.
Chosangalatsa: "Ku Russia, kupambana pakupanga scalar kunatheka mwangozi. Mu 1928, mwini wa nsomba zowoneka bwino A. Smirnov adapita kumalo ochitira zisudzo, panthawiyi chowotchera m'nyanja yamadzi chidayaka ndipo madzi adatenthetsa mpaka 32 ° C. Atabwerera kunyumba, anadabwa kwambiri - zotupa zinayamba kutuluka. "
Pakadali pano, chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kwa obereketsa, scalar wamba yakhala ikufunika kwambiri mu aquaristics, kupatula apo, anthu obadwirawo amasiyana ndi nzika zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtundu wa Scalari ndi gawo la banja la Tsikhlov, gulu la Ray-finned, gulu lofanana ndi Perch.
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu itatu ya zotupa:
- Wamba;
- Pamwamba;
- Scalaria Leopold.
Dzinalo la Latin la mitundu ya scalar yomwe adalandira kuchokera kwa katswiri wazanyama waku Austrian I.Ya. Heckel mu 1840 - Pterophyllum scalare. Kutanthauzira dzinalo mu Chirasha kumamveka ngati "tsamba lamapiko", lomwe limagwirizana kwambiri ndi chithunzi chawo chakunja. Dzina lofala kwambiri pamasamba ndi nsomba zamngelo. Scalaria vulgaris imasiyana ndi abale am'banja mofananamo, machitidwe ndi mawonekedwe obereketsa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba zodziwika bwino
Scalaria wamba ali ndi mitundu yotsatirayi:
- Thupi ndilopamwamba, lopapatiza, kenako lathyathyathya. Mutu uli ndi mawonekedwe a makona atatu, mbali zake pali maso akulu ofiira;
- Kukula kwa nsombazo ndi kwapakatikati, kutalika kwa achikulire kumakhala pakati pa masentimita 12-15, ndipo kutalika kwake kumakhala masentimita 20. Amuna ndi akazi amakhala ofanana magawo, wamwamuna ndi wokulirapo pang'ono;
- Zipsepsezo zakuthambo ndi kumatako zimakhala zazitali ndi mapiko osongoka, zomwe zimapangitsa nsomba kuwoneka ngati kachigawo kakang'ono. Zipsepse za pectoral ndizitali zazitali;
- Mtundu wa khungu lodziwika bwino ndi laimvi siliva wokhala ndi utoto wabuluu pang'ono, pomwe mikwingwirima inayi yakuda imayima; Mzere woyamba umadutsa m'maso mwa nsombayo, womaliza umadutsa m'chigawo cha caudal fin. Kumbuyo kuli mthunzi wakuda.
Chosangalatsa: "Scalaria vulgaris imatha kusintha mtundu wa mikwingwirima yoimirira mthupi kukhala yopepuka. Kusinthaku kumachitika ndi iye munthawi zovuta. "
Amuna ndi akazi amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake. Pakukula, champhongo chimakhala ndi chikopa chachitali chotalikirapo ndipo chimakhala ndi thumba la mafuta pamphumi, choncho pamphumi pake pamakhala pozungulira, pomwe chachikazi chimakhala chopanda. Zinthu zapadera zimawoneka mwa iwo kokha panthawi yoswana. Mwa amuna, zotchingira zoterera komanso zopapatiza zimapezeka pansi pamimba, ndipo mwa mkazi, zotulutsa mazira ambiri.
Kodi scalar wamba amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: nsomba za scalar
Scalar wamba ndi nsomba zam'madzi otentha. Malo ake okhalitsa ndi malo osungira nyanja ya South America, beseni la Mtsinje waukulu kwambiri ku Amazon, kuyambira ku Peru mpaka kugombe lakum'mawa kwa Brazil, ndi mtsinje wa Orinoco. Nthawi zina zimapezekanso ngati anthu ochepa m'mitsinje ya Guiana ndi Brazil.
Dera la Amazon limawerengedwa kuti ndi malo abwino okhala ndi zibangili, chifukwa nthawi zonse limakhala ndi kutentha kwamadzi, komwe kumafunikira kwambiri kuti nsombazi ziberekeke. M'madzi ake, amakhala ndi anthu ena ochezeka m'malo osangalatsawa, mwachitsanzo: guppies, lupanga, neon, discus. Pamodzi amapanga anthu ambiri mumtsinje - oposa 2.5 zikwi.
Chiwerengero cha scalar makamaka chimakonda kukhala mumisewu yopapatiza ya mitsinje yomwe ikuyenda pang'onopang'ono, mitsinje yamadzi, madambo ndi zigwa za mitsinje zosefukira. Chofunikira pakukhala kwawo ndi nkhalango zamadzi.
Pakuswana, mazira wamba amawaza mazira m'masamba azitsamba zam'madzi, chifukwa chake amakonda kukhala m'malo osungira ndi zomera zowirira, momwe kukula kwachinyamata kumatha kubisalira adani mosavuta.
Kodi scalar wamba amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Scalaria vulgaris
M'chilengedwe chawo, zikopa zodziwika bwino zimakhala ngati nsomba zolusa.
Maziko azakudya zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku ndi nyama zotsatirazi:
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono - daphnia, cyclops, tubule;
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi mphutsi zawo zimakhala pamwamba pamadzi;
- mwachangu nsomba zina zazing'ono.
Poyesera kupyola nyamayo, zotupa zimakula kwambiri, zomwe zimatha kusamalira mothandizidwa ndi thupi lopapatiza komanso zipsepse zazitali zolimba. Ngakhale kuti nsombazi zimathera nthawi yayitali kubisala ndendende, sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo lazopatsa thanzi, chifukwa zimafunikira chakudya chama protein.
Mphutsi za scalar wamba zimagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zili mu yolk sac ngati gawo la michere. Mukasintha kuchokera ku mphutsi kukhala mwachangu, pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kudya zazing'ono. Okhwima mwachangu amaphunzira kusaka nyama zazikulu, mothandizidwa ndi makolo awo.
Pakadali pano, scalar yalandiridwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsomba zokongoletsera m'madzi, komwe imadyetsedwa ndi zosakaniza za nyama (magazi a mphutsi, mphutsi za udzudzu) ndi zowonjezera zitsamba (zidutswa za sipinachi ndi masamba a letesi). Chakudyacho chimatha kukhala chowotcha, komanso kukhala ndi mazira.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Angelfish fish
Scalarians ndi anthu wamba, amtendere okhala m'madzi otentha. Amakonda kukhala pagulu, momwe awiriawiri amapangidwa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Chodziwikiratu pawiri mwa zikwangwani ndi kukhulupirika kwawo kwa wina ndi mnzake m'moyo wawo wonse.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: "Ngati awiri mwa akazi amwalira, wotsalayo sadzafunanso mnzake kwamuyaya."
Oimira mitundu yodziwika bwino yamasamba amasintha nthawi yayitali, amakhala nthawi yayitali m'matanthwe amadzi. Chifukwa cha thupi lawo lathyathyathya, amatha kusambira mosavuta pakati pa thope, ndipo amabisala ndi mikwingwirima yoyimirira mthupi.
Masana amasaka chakudya, ndipo usiku amapuma, kubisala m'nkhalango za zomera za m'madzi. Asanasake, zikopa zimaphatikizidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Iwo amabisala ndi ndere, kuyembekezera nyama. Chakudya choyenera chikapezeka chakumadzulo, amathamangira nacho limodzi ndi gulu lonselo ndikuching'amba.
Kunja kwa nyengo yoswana, anthu okhwima amakhala moyandikana mwamtendere. Koma panthawi yobereka, amakhala ankhanza kwambiri, akuyesera kuteteza madera awo ndi ana awo. Ndizosangalatsa kuti chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimasamalira mazirawo ndikuwotchera limodzi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Scalar wamba
Mwa anthu, zotupa zimayamba kukhala anthu okhwima pakatikati pa miyezi 8 mpaka 12 ya moyo. Poyambira nthawi yobereka, awiriawiri amapangidwa pakati pawo, omwe amakhala m'dera linalake ndikukonzekera kubereka. Kuti achite izi, amapeza malo pomwe amaikira mazira. Amatha kukhala mwala kapena gawo lalikulu la chomera cham'madzi. Pamodzi amayeretsa zinyalala ndi zolengeza kwa masiku angapo, kenako ndikuponya mazira akulu, owala pamwamba pake.
Pafupipafupi, khungu lachikazi limatha kuyikira mazira 150-200. Kenako pakubwera nthawi yovuta yoteteza ana awo, yomwe yamphongo ndi yaikazi imadutsanso limodzi. Amachotsa mazira akufa ndikutsuka amoyo. Tetezani ku nsomba zina. Patatha masiku awiri, mphutsi zimatuluka m'mazira, zomwe zimamangirirana wina ndi mnzake ndipo zimayang'aniridwa ndi makolo awo. Ngati mwadzidzidzi chiwopsezo chiwonekera, ndiye kuti chachimuna ndi chachikazi chitha kuzisamutsira pakamwa pawo pamalo otetezeka.
Pakangotha milungu iwiri, mphutsi zimakhala zachangu. Kwa nthawi ndithu, makolo achikondi akupitirizabe kusamalira ana amene sanakhwimebe msanga. Amasonkhanitsa mwachangu pagulu ndikuyenda nawo, kuwateteza ku ngozi. Zimathandizira kudula plankton yayikulu kuti mwachangu adye. Kutengera ndimakhalidwe akalulu m'nyengo yokwanira, titha kunena motsimikiza kuti nsombazi ndizanzeru zenizeni zapadziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa moyo wamtundu wachilengedwe ndikutengedwa pafupifupi zaka 8-10.
Adani achilengedwe amwano wamba
Chithunzi: Scalaria wamwamuna
Pokhala mumitsinje ya Amazon, scalar wamba amakumana ndi adani awo achilengedwe kumeneko. Popeza kuti nsombayo ndi yaying'ono kukula, imatha kukhala nyama ya mitundu ikuluikulu ya nsomba komanso oyimira pakati pa nyama zamtsinje.
Nsombazi ndizo:
- ma piranhas, omwe ndi osusuka komanso amakhala ndi mano akuthwa kwambiri, amatha kuluma nawo chala kapena ndodo;
- payara - nsomba yodziwika bwino yomwe ili ndi mano awiri akuthwa, awiri omwe amawoneka, ndipo inayo imapinda mkati mwa nsagwada, imakhalanso ndi chilakolako chabwino;
- Aravana ndi ya nsomba zikuluzikulu zodya nyama, amakhala m'mitsinje yam'nyanja yamadzi okhala ndi madzi osunthika ndipo amadyetsa nsomba zomwe zimakhala kumeneko.
Caimans amathanso kudziwika ndi adani a scalar. Chifukwa chakuchepa kwawo, nthawi zambiri amayenera kukhala okhutira ndi nsomba zazing'ono ngati chakudya. Poyeserera moyo wa scalar pakusintha, adatha kusintha.
"Makadi" ake akulu pankhondo yolimbana ndi adani ndi awa:
- Thupi lathyathyathya kuti muziyenda mosavuta pakati pa ndere;
- zipsepse zolimba, zazitali, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wothamanga kwambiri;
- Mikwingwirima yofananira yolimbitsa thupi imathandizira kubisala pakati pa algae thalli.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nsomba zodziwika bwino
Chiwerengero cha anthu wamba chimakhala ndi izi:
- Mwachilengedwe, amakhala m'magulu a anthu khumi, momwe olamulira okhwima amagwirira ntchito. Magulu akuluakulu ndi olimba amatsogolera kusaka ndi kutenga malo abwino oswanirana, omwe amasamala mosamala;
- Ndizovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu chifukwa chakusankhidwa ndi kuswana kwa nsombazi m'mizindayo. Koma zitha kunenedwatu kuti anthu ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu;
- Chifukwa cha kusamalira kwa mazira, mphutsi ndi mwachangu, zikopa zimatha kupulumutsa ana ambiri kuimfa.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndizovuta kupeza mitundu yazachilengedwe m'madzi am'madzi, chifukwa nsomba iyi siyigulitsidwa ku America. Koma obereketsa kwa zaka zambiri agwira ntchito adatha kutulutsa mitundu yambiri yamasamba, yomwe silinganyalanyazidwe ndi akatswiri amadzi am'madzi.
Chosangalatsa: "Abusa apanga mtundu wa fluorescent wa scalar womwe umawala mumdima."
Poganizira zakusankhidwa kwamitundu yambiri, palibe chifukwa chofunira nsomba zambiri zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yodziwika bwino ya scalar pano imawerengedwa kuti ndi yopambana. Scalar wamba - iyi ndi nsomba yaying'ono yomwe imawoneka modabwitsa, yomwe, ndimakhalidwe ake "tsiku lililonse", mawonekedwe amtendere, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso osiyanasiyana, yapambana mitima ya anthu padziko lonse lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/21/2019
Tsiku losintha: 18.09.2019 nthawi 20:44
