Chinjoka cha Komodo - mbalame zokwawa zamatchire. Woimira wamkulu kwambiri wowunika mtundu wa abuluzi. Chifukwa chowoneka chowopsa komanso chikhalidwe chake, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa chinjoka. Amapezeka pazilumba 4 zaku Indonesia. Chinjokacho chinatchedwa ndi dzina la chilumba cha Komodo. Pamalo pake ndi pazilumba za Rincha ndi Flores, pali anthu pafupifupi 5,000. Pali nyama 100 zokha pachilumba cha Gili Motang.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Makulidwe apadera ndiwo gawo lalikulu la nyamayi. Kutalika, wamwamuna wamkulu amakula mpaka mamita 2.6. Akazi amatambasula mpaka mita 2.2. Kulemera kwa chinjoka cha Komodo ukufika 90 kg. Izi ndizolemera zolemera zomwe amuna amatha. Akazi ndi opepuka, kulemera kwawo sikupitirira 70 kg. Anthu okhala kumalo osungira zinyama amakhala ndi kukula kokulirapo. Abuluzi omwe ataya ufulu wawo, koma amalandira chakudya chokhazikika amatha kukula mpaka mamita atatu.
Buluzi wamkuluyo amakhala ndi fungo losalimba. M'malo mwa mphuno, imagwiritsa ntchito lilime kudziwa fungo. Amatumiza mamolekyu onunkhira kupita kumalo olimba. Buluzi wowunika amatola kununkhira kwa thupi pamtunda wa makilomita angapo.
Mphamvu zina zonse sizinakule bwino. Masomphenya amakulolani kuti muwone zinthu zomwe sizikuposa mita 300. Monga abuluzi ambiri, buluzi woyang'anira ali ndi ngalande ziwiri zamakutu, koma kachipangizo kamodzi. Zoyipa mokwanira. Amalola kuzindikira mafupipafupi pamtunda wopapatiza - kuyambira 400 mpaka 2000 hertz.
Buluziyu ali ndi mano oposa 60 pakamwa pake. Palibe imodzi yotafuna. Zonse zimapangidwa kuti zidule nyama. Dzino likatuluka kapena kutuluka, lina limamera m'malo mwake. M'zaka za zana la 21, asayansi apeza kuti mphamvu ya nsagwada za buluzi woyang'anira siwamphamvu ngati, mwachitsanzo, ng'ona. Chifukwa chake, chiyembekezo chachikulu cha buluzi ndikuthwa kwa mano ake.
Nyama zazikulu zimajambulidwa ndi mitundu yakuda. Mtundu waukuluwo ndi wabulauni ndimtundu wachikasu. Pakhungu pali zing'onozing'ono zolimbitsa mafupa - ma osteoderms. Chovala chachikopa cha chinjoka chachinyamata chimakongoletsedwa ndi mizere ya mawanga a lalanje ndi achikasu. Pakhosi ndi mchira, mawanga amasanduka mikwingwirima.
Mlomo wawukulu, wosasamalika wokhala ndi drool yothothoza, osanthula mosalekeza, lilime lachifoloko limayambitsa mayanjano ndi wakupha wankhanza. Kukula koyipa sikuwonjezera chisoni: mutu waukulu, thupi lolemera, mchira wosakwanira buluzi.
Kuwunika Buluzi ndi Buluzi Wolemera Kwambiri Padziko Lonse Lapansi
Massive Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi samayenda mwachangu kwambiri: kuthamanga kwawo sikupitilira 20 km / h. Koma ndi kulemera konseku, olusawo ndiwanzeru komanso aluso. Makhalidwe olimba amatheketsa kusaka nyama mwachangu, mwachitsanzo, ungulates.
Pakulimbana ndi omwe akhudzidwa, buluzi yemweyo amavulala. Kupatula apo, amalimbana ndi zolengedwa zopanda chitetezo: nguluwe zakutchire, ng'ombe zamphongo, ng'ona. Izi zinyama ndi zokwawa zili ndi zida zokwanira ndi mano, mano, nyanga. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa buluzi wowunika. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zamoyo apeza kuti thupi la chinjokacho lili ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amafulumizitsa kuchira.
Chimphona kukula kwa chinjoka cha Komodo - mbali yaikulu ya reptile. Asayansi akhala akunena kuti adakhalako pazilumba. M'malo momwe chakudya chilipo ndipo palibe adani oyenera. Koma kafukufuku wofufuza adawonetsa kuti chimphona chimakhala ku Australia.
Lilime ndiye chiwalo chovuta kwambiri pakuwunika
Mu 2009, gulu la asayansi aku Malaysia, Indonesia ndi Australia lidapeza zakale ku Queensland. Mafupawo adawonetsa mwachindunji kuti awa anali zotsalira za chinjoka cha Komodo. Ngakhale buluzi wowunika waku Australia adatha zaka 30 zikwi zisanayambike nthawi yathu ino, kukhalapo kwake kumatsutsa chiphunzitso cha gigantism wachilumbachi cha chinjoka cha Komodo.
Mitundu
Komodo yowonera abuluzi ndi mitundu yokhayokha. Ndiye kuti, ilibe ma subspecies. Koma pali abale apafupi. Mmodzi wa iwo adakhalapo pafupi ndi chinjoka cha Komodo pamoyo wake ku Australia. Ankatchedwa Megalonia. Unali buluzi wokulirapo. Dzinalo ndi Megalania prisca. Kutembenuzidwa kwa dzinali kuchokera ku Greek kumamveka ngati "woyendayenda wakale wakale".
Zambiri pa megalonia zimapezeka pofufuza mafupa omwe amapezeka. Asayansi apeza kukula kotheka. Amayambira 4.5 mpaka 7 mita. Chiyerekezo cha zolemera kuyambira 300 mpaka 600 kilogalamu. Lero ndi buluzi wamkulu kwambiri wapa nthaka yemwe amadziwika ndi sayansi.
Chinjoka cha Komodo chimakhalanso ndi abale amoyo. Buluzi wamkulu kwambiri amakhala ku Australia. Imafalikira mamita 2.5. Mizere yowonera buluzi imatha kudzitama ndi kukula komweko. Amakhala pazilumba za Malaysia. Kuphatikiza pa zokwawa izi, banja loyang'anira abuluzi lili ndi zamoyo pafupifupi 80 komanso mitundu ingapo ya nyama yomwe yatha.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Buluzi wowunika ndi nyama yosungulumwa. Koma samapewa anthu amtundu wake. Kukumana ndi zokwawa zina kumachitika mukamadya chakudya limodzi. Osati nthawi zonse osati kwa anthu onse, kukhala pakati pa abale kumatha kumapeto. Chifukwa china chamsonkhano ndikumayamba kwa nyengo yokwanira.
Pazilumba, komwe kumakhala chinjoka cha Komodo, palibe zolusa zazikulu. Ali pamwamba pamndandanda wazakudya. Palibe amene angaukire buluzi wowunika wamkulu. Wachinyamata wowonera buluzi amakhala pachiwopsezo chokhala chakudya cha mbalame zodya nyama, ng'ona, nyama zodya nyama.
Chidziwitso chobadwa nacho chimatsogolera achichepere ndi achikulire omwe kuti agone usiku. Anthu akulu amakhala m'mabowo. Buluzi wowunika amakumba malo obisalapo. Nthawi zina mumphangayo umafika mamita 5 m'litali.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimabisala m'mitengo, kukwera m'mapanga. Kukhoza kukwera mitengo ndi chibadwa mwa iwo kuyambira kubadwa. Ngakhale atalemera kwambiri, amayesetsa kukwera mitengo ikuluikulu kuti azitha kuphimba kapena kudya mazira a mbalame.
M'mawa kwambiri, zokwawa zimachoka m'malo awo okhala. Ayenera kutenthetsa thupi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kukhazikika pamiyala kapena mchenga wofunda, kuwonetsa thupi lanu pamawala a dzuwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa Chinjoka cha Komodo pachithunzichi... Pambuyo pofunira kutentha, abuluzi oyang'anira amapita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Chida chachikulu chofufuzira ndi lilime lachifoloko. Amagwira fungo pamtunda wa makilomita 4-9. Ngati buluziyo ali ndi chikho, anthu amitundu ingapo amayandikira pafupi naye. Kumenyera gawo lawo kumayambira, nthawi zina kumasandulika kukhala kulimbana ndi moyo.
Pakayamba kutentha, onaninso abuluzi kubisalanso m'malo obisalamo. Amazisiya masana. Bwererani ku kafukufuku wamderali mukasaka chakudya. Kufunafuna chakudya kumapitilira mpaka madzulo. Madzulo, buluzi wowonererayo amabisalanso.
Zakudya zabwino
Chinjoka cha Komodo chikudya mnofu wa nyama iliyonse, sumapewa zakufa. Pa gawo loyambirira la moyo, onetsetsani abuluzi kugwira tizilombo, nsomba, nkhanu. Pamene akukula, kukula kwa ozunzidwa kumakulirakulira. Makoswe, abuluzi, njoka zimawoneka mu zakudya. Onetsetsani kuti abuluzi sangatengeke ndi poizoni, choncho akangaude ndi zokwawa zapoizoni zimadya.
Kudya anthu wamba ndikofala pakati pa abuluzi owunika
Zilombo zazing'ono zomwe zakwanitsa mita imodzi zili ndi mndandanda wazosiyanasiyana. Amayesa kugwira dzanja lawo pogwira agwape, ng'ona zazing'ono, nungu, akamba. Akuluakulu amasamukira kumadera akuluakulu. Sizachilendo kwa Komodo yowunika buluzi kumapha munthu.
Pamodzi ndi nswala ndi nguluwe zakutchire, achibale - ang'onoang'ono a Komodo dragons - atha kuwonekera pamndandanda wazowonera abuluzi. Omwe amadya anzawo amapanga 8-10% ya chakudya chonse chodyedwa ndi chokwawa.
Njira yayikulu yosakira ndikuwukira modzidzimutsa. Ziweto zimakhazikika pamaenje othirira, njira zomwe ma artiodactyls nthawi zambiri amayenda. Wopwetekedwa amene akusowa mipata nthawi yomweyo amamuukira. Pakaponya koyamba, buluzi wowunika amayesa kugwetsera nyama pansi, kuluma kudzera mu tendon kapena kuvulaza kwambiri.
Chinthu chachikulu, kuti musamayang'ane buluzi mwachangu kwambiri, ndikuchotsa mphalapala, nkhumba kapena ng'ombe mwayi waukulu - kuthamanga. Nthawi zina, nyamayo imadziweruza yokha ku imfa. M'malo mothawa, amawerengera molakwika mphamvu zake ndikuyesera kudzitchinjiriza.
Zotsatira zimanenedweratu. Nyama yomwe imagwetsedwa pansi ndi mchira wake kapena minofu yolumidwa imagwera pansi. Chotsatira chimabwera ndikung'amba m'mimba ndikuwononga mnofu. Mwanjira imeneyi, buluzi woyang'anira amatha kuthana ndi ng'ombe zomwe ndizokulirapo maulendo angapo, ndipo ndi mbawala, nthawi zambiri kuposa iwo mwachangu.
Nyama zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono kwambiri kapena zokwawa, buluzi woyang'anira amameza kwathunthu. Nsagwada zakumunsi za buluzi woyang'anira ndizoyenda. Izi zimakuthandizani kuti mutsegule pakamwa panu momwe mungafunire. Ndipo kumeza nyerere kapena mbuzi yathunthu.
Zidutswa zolemera makilogalamu 2-3 zimachokera ku mitembo ya ng'ombe ndi akavalo. Njira yolowetsa ikuchitika mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa chakufulumira kumeneku ndikomveka. Abuluzi ena nthawi yomweyo amayamba kudya. Nthawi ina, chokwawa chodya nyama chimatha kudya mafupa ndi nyama yofanana ndi 80% ya kulemera kwake.
Varan ndi mlenje waluso. 70% ya ziwopsezo zake zimapambana. Chiwopsezo chachikulu chimagwira ngakhale kwa nyama yamphamvu ngati imeneyi, yokhala ndi zida komanso yolusa ngati njati.
Onetsetsani kulumwa kwa abuluzi kuli ndi poyizoni
Mitengo yopambana imakulirakulira. Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amaganiza kuti ndi luso lotha kuyang'anira abuluzi kuti aphunzire. Popita nthawi, amakhala ophunzirira bwino zizolowezi za omwe achitiridwa nkhanza. Izi zimathandizira kugwira ntchito kwa buluzi wowunika.
Mpaka posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti kulumidwa kwa abuluzi ndi owopsa chifukwa poizoni kapena mabakiteriya apadera amaloledwa pachilondacho. Ndipo nyama yomwe ikukhudzidwa imavutika osati kokha kuvulala ndi kutayika kwa magazi, komanso chifukwa cha kutupa.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti buluziyu alibe zida zina zowonjezera. M'kamwa mwake mulibe poizoni, ndipo mabakiteriya amasiyana pang'ono ndi omwe ali mkamwa mwa nyama zina. Buluzi amaluma paokha ndi okwanira kuti nyama yomwe yapulumuka itaye mphamvu kenako kufa.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Zaka 5-10 atabadwa, oyang'anira a Komodo amatha kupitiliza kuthamanga. Kutali ndi zokwawa zonse zobadwa mpaka m'badwo uno zipulumuka. Amuna amatha kupulumuka kuposa akazi. Mwina pali ena ambiri obadwa. Pofika nthawi yotha msinkhu, pamakhala amuna atatu pa mkazi aliyense.
Nyengo yokwanira imayamba mu Julayi ndi Ogasiti. Zimayamba ndi amuna akumenyera ufulu wawo wobereka. Ma duel ndiovuta kwambiri. Onetsetsani abuluzi, ataimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo, akuyesera kugwetsana pansi. Kulimbana kumeneku, kofanana ndi kumenya nkhondo pakati pa omenyera nkhondo, kumathera mokomera wotsutsa wamphamvu kwambiri, wolemera kwambiri.
Nthawi zambiri, wolakwayo amatha kuthawa. Koma amene wagonjetsedwayo avulala modetsa nkhawa, tsoka lake limakhala lachiwawa. Ochita nawo mwayi azing'amba. Nthawi zonse pamakhala ofunsira angapo okwatirana. Oyenera kwambiri ayenera kumenya nkhondo ndi aliyense.
Chifukwa cha kukula ndi kulemera kwa abuluzi owunika, kukwerana ndi kovuta, kovuta. Wamwamuna amakanda msana wa mkazi, ndikusiya zipsera pathupi pake. Akakangana, mkazi nthawi yomweyo amayamba kufunafuna malo oti ayikire mazira.
Thumba la buluzi wowonera ndi mazira akulu 20. Munthu amatha kulemera mpaka magalamu 200. Mzimayiyo amaona kuti milu ya manyowa ndi malo abwino oti agonekerepo. Koma zisa za mbalame zakutchire ndizoyeneranso. Malowa ayenera kukhala achinsinsi komanso ofunda.
Kwa miyezi isanu ndi itatu, yaikazi imateteza mazira omwe adaikira. Abuluzi obadwa nawo amabalalika ndikukwera mitengo yoyandikana nayo. Mwachilengedwe, amadziwa kuti awa ndi malo okha omwe amatha kubisalira zokwawa zazikulu. Korona zamitengo - amakhala nyumba yoyang'anira abuluzi zaka ziwiri zoyambirira za moyo.
Yaikulu kwambiri buluzi — Chinjoka cha Komodo - wokhala mosangalala wokhala kumalo osungira nyama. M'mikhalidwe yazilumba, zimbalangondo za Komodo sizikhala zaka zopitilira 30. Mu ukapolo, moyo wa reptile ndiwotalika kamodzi ndi theka.
M'malo osungira nyama, kuthekera kwazimayi kuikira mazira osakwaniritsidwa kwadziwika. Mazira omwe amawonekera mwa iwo nthawi zonse amakula mwa amuna okha. Kuti apitilize mtundu, akazi amayang'anira abuluzi, makamaka, safuna wamwamuna. Kuthekera kwakuberekana kwa asexual kumawonjezera mwayi wopulumuka kwa zamoyozi pachilumbachi.