Kiwi ndi mbalame yosowa komanso yapadera. Ili ndi mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe angapo omwe amawapangitsa kuwoneka ngati zinyama. Komabe, ndi mbalame yomwe ili ndi mulomo ndipo imaikira mazira, koma siyingawuluke.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Kiwi wamkulu amalemera kuchokera ku 1.5 - 5 kilograms, akazi ndi akulu kuposa amuna. Avereji kukula mbalame zikuwoneka ngatingati nkhuku zokometsera. Ali ndi thupi lopangidwa ndi peyala, khosi lalifupi komanso mutu wawung'ono. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi yopyapyala, yakuthwa komanso yosinthasintha. Ndi chithandizo chake, kiwi imapeza mosavuta mphutsi zosiyanasiyana pansi pa moss, zimatulutsa mphutsi m'nthaka.
Mphuno sizili pansi pamlomo, monga mbalame zina, koma pachiyambi. Chifukwa cha mphunoyi, kiwi imamva fungo labwino. Mbalamezi siziona bwino, ndipo maso ake ndi ang'ono kwambiri, ngati mikanda. Amafikira osachepera mamilimita 8.
kiwi zosiyana kwambiri ndi mbalame zina zamtundu wa maula. Nthenga yake ndi yopyapyala komanso yayitali, yofanana kwambiri ndi ubweya wa nkhosa. Mtundu umadalira mtundu wa mbalame, kiwi wamba imakhala ndi nthenga zofiirira komanso zotuwa. Ali ndi fungo linalake lomwe limakumbutsa bowa ndi chinyezi. Zolusa zimanunkhiza mbalameyo patali. Chifukwa cha nthenga zake zapadera, kiwi mbalame kujambulidwa amawoneka ngati kanyama kakang'ono.
Pamutu pake, pamunsi pamlomo pali tsitsi lodziwika bwino lotchedwa vibrissae. Kawirikawiri zinyama zimakhala ndi ubweya wotere, zimathandiza nyama kuyenda bwino mumlengalenga.
Kiwi mbalame sangathe kuuluka, koma imayenda bwino. Miyendo ya Kiwi ndi yayitali, yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu. Pali zala zinayi zokhala ndi zikhadabo zowongoka, zomwe mbalamezi zimayenda mosavuta panthaka yonyowa.
Kiwi ilibe mchira, komanso mapiko. Pakusintha, mapiko a mbalamewo atsala pang'ono kutha, kutuluka masentimita 5 okha ndikutsalira, komwe kumawonekera pansi pa nthenga. Maonekedwe ake, amafanana ndi chala chaching'ono chokhota. Komabe, ma kiwis amakonda kubisa milomo yawo pansi pa mapiko awo akugona, monga mbalame zina.
Mbalamezi zinadziwika chifukwa cha phokoso lomwe zimapanga. Ndi ofanana ndi achangu kapena qii. Komanso, pali lingaliro loti chipatso cha kiwi chidatchulidwa ndendende chifukwa chofanana ndi thupi la mbalameyi, koma mosemphanitsa.
Mbalameyi imakhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, imapilira matenda mosalekeza, ndipo mabala amthupi amachira mwachangu kwambiri. Komabe, zolengedwa zapaderazi zatsala pang'ono kutha. Chiwerengero chawo chikuchepa chaka chilichonse. Mbalame zimasakasaka nyama mozembera nyama, zimadya nyama zolusa. Anthu amakakamizidwa kuchitapo kanthu kuti apulumutse anthu a kiwi. Ku New Zealand, ntchito yotchedwa "Sky Ranger" idapangidwa.
Omwe akuchita nawo ntchitoyi adapanga malo osungira zachilengedwe komwe kuli ma kiwi. Amagwira mbalame, amaziliza ndi kumata masensa apadera omwe akuwonetsa ntchito ya mbalameyo. Kiwi chachikazi itayika dzira, anthu amawona izi ndikuwulukira kumalo osungirako. Amadziŵa malo enieni a mbalameyo, kupeza pogona pake ndi kutenga dzira, ndikuyiyika mu chofungatira.
Kuphatikiza apo, aliyense akuyembekezera kubadwa kwa mwana wankhuku, kumuyamwitsa ndi kumulera mpaka atakhala wolimba komanso wodziyimira payokha. Mwana wadzimayo akayamba kulemera ndikukula mpaka kukula kwake, amatengedwera kumalo osungirako. Chifukwa chake, anthu amateteza mbalame zazing'ono kuti zisasokonezedwe ndi adani kapena njala.
Mitundu
Pali mitundu isanu ya mbalame za kiwi.
- Common Kiwi kapena South. Iyi ndi mbalame yofiirira, mitundu yofala kwambiri, yomwe imapezeka kawirikawiri kuposa ena.
- Kiwi chakumpoto. Mbalamezi zimapezeka makamaka kumpoto. New Zealand... Amakonzedwa bwino m'magawo atsopano, nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi anthu akumidzi m'minda yawo.
- Kiwi chachikulu chakuda - yayikulu kwambiri yamtundu wake. Mkazi wa mtundu uwu amayikira dzira limodzi lokha pachaka. Mtundu wa mbalame ndi wosiyana ndi masiku onse. Mtundu wa nthenga ndi wotuwa ndi mabala akuda, amdima.
- Kiwi yaying'ono yakuda. Uwu ndiye mtundu wawung'ono kwambiri wa kiwi. Kutalika sikuposa masentimita 25, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 1.2 kilogalamu. Amakhala pachilumba cha Kapiti chokha.
- Rovi – mtundu wosowa wa kiwi. Chiwerengero cha anthuwa ndi mbalame pafupifupi 200 zokha.
Anthu amayesetsa kuteteza zamoyo zonse. Anapiye opulumutsidwa amtundu wa Rovi amaleredwa mpaka ataphunzira kuthamanga ndikukula ngati mbalame yayikulu. Izi zimawonjezera mwayi wawo wopulumuka ku ermine.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Kiwi mbalame amakhala m'nkhalango za New Zealand ndipo amadziwika kuti ndi chizindikiro cha dziko lino. Amati makolo a mbalame zachilendozi amatha kuwuluka ndipo nthawi ina adasamukira kudziko lakale kale. Panthawiyo, kunalibe nyama zolusa zambiri komanso mbalame zomwe zimangoyenda pansi momasuka. Posakhalitsa, kufunika kwawo kouluka kunazimiririka, mapiko ndi mchira wawo unachepa, ndipo mafupa awo adalemera. Kiwi wakhala cholengedwa chapadziko lapansi kwathunthu.
Ma Kiwis amayenda usiku ndikupuma m'malo ogona masana. Mbalamezi zilibe chisa chosatha, zimakumba maenje kangapo kamodzi ndikusintha malo ake tsiku lililonse. Izi zimawathandiza kubisala adani.
Mbalamezi ndi zanzeru kwambiri komanso zimasamala. Sapanga mabowo wamba, amangokhala ma labyrinths komanso njira zochepa zomwe zimatuluka "mwadzidzidzi" kangapo. Kiwi ikakumba dzenje lake, imadikirira mpaka ikudzaza ndi udzu kuti ikabisike bwino kumaso oyipa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi ndizazikulu, sizidzalola kuti mbalame ina ithawire pogona pawo. Atha kukonzekera nkhondo yeniyeni pomenyera dzenje. Pakhala pali zochitika za mbalame imodzi kupha ina mpaka kufa. Kupatula apo, chida chachikulu cha kiwi ndi zikhomo zolimba ndi zikhadabo.
Pafupifupi mbalame zisanu zimakhala pa kilomita imodzi, osatinso. Masana kuthengo, mbalameyi imapezeka kawirikawiri. Koma mutha kumuyang'ana m'minda yachilengedwe. Kumeneku, amasintha dala usana ndi usiku, kuphatikizapo nyali zowala zomwe zimatsanzira dzuwa usiku.
A Kiwis amaganiza kuti tsikulo lafika ndipo akubisala m'maenje. Koma masana kuunika kumachita kuzimiririka, ndipo kiwi imapita kukakolola. Apa ndipamene alendo ofuna chidwi adawafufuza kuchokera mbali zonse.
Zakudya zabwino
Ngakhale saona bwino, mbalame zimatha kupeza chakudya mosavuta. Mwa izi amathandizidwa ndi kumva mwamphamvu komanso kununkhiza. Ola limodzi dzuwa likulowa, ma kiwi amatuluka m'malo awo ndikupita kukasaka.
Amakumba ndikusefukira pansi ndi zala zawo zamphamvu, zomata. Moss ndi chinyezi, dothi lonyowa, amapeza mphutsi zambiri zopatsa thanzi, nyongolotsi ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono. Amakondanso kudya zipatso ndi zipatso zina zomwe zagwa kuchokera mumitengo. Amakonda mbewu ndi masamba.
Chakudya chapadera cha kiwi ndi ma mollusc ndi ma crustaceans ang'ono. Amadyetsa mbalame zomwe zimakhala pafupi ndi South Coast.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Kiwi ndi mbalame zokhazokha. Amasankha wokwatirana naye pamoyo wawo wonse komanso nthawi zina. Mu mitundu ina ya mbalamezi, ndizofala kukhala osati awiriawiri, koma pagulu. Mu mitundu ina, chachimuna ndi chachikazi chimangokumana, koma alibe chochita ndi zina. Zimakumanirana zokha ndipo zimaswa dzira limodzi.
Nyengo yakumasulira imayamba kuyambira Juni mpaka pakati pa Meyi. Mkazi amatha kubereka mwana mmodzi mpaka asanu ndi mmodzi pachaka, ndizochepa kwambiri. Pofika nthawi yoti pakhale masewera olimbirana, mbalame zimayamba kuteteza zisa zawo mwamphamvu kwambiri. Kamodzi pamlungu, yamphongo imabwera kwa yaikazi, imakwera mozama mdzenje ndikuimba mluzu kumeneko, ndikuchenjeza ena kuti chisa ichi chimakhala.
Kiwi amabala dzira kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, pafupifupi milungu itatu. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa mazira awo sali akulu molingana. Sabata yatha, mkazi samatha kudya, monga kiwi dzira la mbalame chachikulu komanso mkati chimafinya kwambiri ziwalo zake zam'mimba ndi m'mimba.
Ngakhale kumayambiriro koyambirira, m'malo mwake, akuwonetsa chidwi chachikulu. Mzimayi wapakati amadya chakudya katatu kuposa masiku onse. Pazifukwa zomveka, pali dzira limodzi lokha pakatundu.
Kuti aganizire bwino kufanana kwa kukula kwa mbalameyo ndi dzira, asayansi akuganiza kuti aganizire mayi wapakati yemwe pamapeto pake adzabala mwana wamakilogalamu 17. Ndi momwe zimavutira ma kiwis achikazi. Asanawonekere, makolowo amasinthana kusinthana dzira, koma yamphongo imachita izi kwakanthawi.
Pambuyo pa miyezi 2.5 yokha ndiye kuti mwana wankhukuyo amayamba kuthyola. Chigoba cha mazira a kiwi ndi cholimba komanso cholimba, ndizovuta kuti mwana achichotse, motero zimatenga pafupifupi masiku awiri kuti abadwe. Imaswa makoma a dzira ndi milomo yake ndi zikhasu. Anapiye amabadwa ali ndi nthenga kale, koma ofooka.
Kiwi mbalame ndi makolo osakhulupirika kwathunthu. Kamwana kamene kamamasulidwa ku chipolopolocho, makolo amasiya kosatha. Khanda limangokhala mdzenje ndekha ndipo limakhala losavuta kwa adani awo.
Kwa iwo omwe ali ndi mwayi, masiku atatu oyambilira ayenera kudya nkhokwe zawo. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mwana wankhuku amaphunzira kuimirira kenako amathamanga. Pakatha zaka ziwiri zakubadwa, mbalameyi imadziyimira pawokha. Amatha kusiya chisa ndikupeza chakudya.
M'mwezi woyamba, mwana wankhuku amakhala ndi moyo wokangalika masana, pokhapokha chiwi chimakhala mbalame yozizira usiku. Chifukwa choti mbalame yaying'onoyo sikudziwa kubisala bwino, imakhala mkwiyo wa ermine, nkhandwe, agalu, amphaka ndi ma ferrets. Kumtchire, mwa ana onse obadwira mdera limodzi, ndi 5-10% yokha ya kiwi yomwe imapulumuka.
Ena onse amakhala ozunzidwa ndi adani awo, opha nyama mosayenera komanso okonda zosowa. Nthawi zambiri anthu amaphwanya malamulo ndikukwera m'nkhalangoyi kuti akaba mbalame zingapo zosungira nyama zawo. Wophwanya malamulo akagwidwa, adzayenera kulipira chindapusa chachikulu, izi ndizabwino. Choipa kwambiri, chilango chake ndikumangidwa zaka zingapo.
Kutha msinkhu kumachitika mu kiwi mosiyana kutengera jenda. Amuna okhwima ndi chaka choyamba cha moyo, ndi akazi kokha pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri. Nthawi zina wamkazi atangobala mwana wankhuku woyamba amabala dzira lina. Koma izi ndizochepa.
Kiwis amakhala nthawi yayitali. Kumtchire, mbalame zokhazokha zimapezeka zakufa ali ndi zaka 20. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, amatha kukhala zaka zoposa 50. Kwa nthawi yayitali, akazi amatha kuikira mazira pafupifupi 100.
Tsoka ilo, si ma kiwis onse omwe amakhala ndi moyo wautali. Kalelo, azungu adayamba kubweretsa nyama zolusa m'nkhalango za New Zealand, kuchuluka kwake tsopano kumayang'aniridwa ndi ntchito zapadera. Zowononga ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe chimachepetsa mitundu yapadera ya mbalamezi.
kiwi Ndi chozizwitsa chenicheni cha chilengedwe. Zimagwirizanitsa zogwirizana ndi zinyama ndi mbalame, kuzipatsa zida zake komanso mawonekedwe achilendo. Chakhala chizindikiro cha dzikolo komanso chizindikiro cha njira yotchuka yolipirira padziko lonse lapansi, yotchedwa QIWI, chifukwa chapadera.
Anthu amene amamenyera ufulu ndi chitetezo cha nyama akuyembekeza ndi mtima wonse kuti anthu adzatha kupulumutsa mitundu imeneyi kuti isatheretu. Masiku ano, mbalameyi yatchulidwa mu Red Book ndipo kupha nyama mwachilango kumalangidwa ndi njira zowopsa kwambiri.
Titha kungokhala ndi chiyembekezo chotsatira zabwino ndikuthandizira ntchito zopulumutsa posamutsa ndalama ku zachifundo.
