Mmodzi mwa oimira zachilendo za zinyama zakuya - tapir... Kunja, amafanana ndi nkhumba. Zimakopa mphuno yosangalatsa ngati mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono komanso mawonekedwe ochezeka munyama.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Tapir ndi woimira dongosolo la nyama zofanana. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha mafuko aku South America kumatanthauza "wakuda", adatchulidwanso khungu lake lakuda. Thupi lamphamvu, lotanuka mwa munthu wokhala ndi miyendo yolimba ndi mchira wawufupi. Kumiyendo yakutsogolo kuli zala 4, kumbuyo kumbuyo kuli 3. Khungu limakutidwa ndi ubweya wachidule wakuda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu.
Pamutu, mlomo wapamwamba ndi mphuno umatambasulidwa, kumathera chidendene ndi tsitsi lofewa. Izi zimapanga kachilombo kakang'ono, kamene kamathandiza kudya ndi kufufuza malo oyandikana nawo.
Zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwona bwino kwa nyama. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwa tapir ndi 2 mita, kutalika kwake kumafota mkati mwa mita. Kutalika kwa mchira ndi masentimita 7-13. Kulemera kumafikira makilogalamu 300, pomwe akazi nthawi zonse amakhala akulu kuposa amuna.
Tapir nyamandimakhalidwe amtendere, imagwirira ntchito bwino anthu, chifukwa chake ndikosavuta kuweta. Zinyama ndizocheperako komanso zimachedwetsa, koma zimathamanga mwachangu nthawi zowopsa. Okonda kusewera ndikusambira m'nyanjayi.
Mitundu
Mitundu inayi imaphunziridwa bwino. Mwa iwo, m'modzi yekha amakhala m'mapiri. Mitundu yachisanu idapezeka posachedwa.
1. Tapir waku Central America
Kutalika kwa thupi: 176-215 cm.
Kutalika kumafota (kukula): 77-110cm.
Kulemera kwake: 180-250 kg.
Habitat: Kuchokera kumpoto kwa Mexico kupita ku Ecuador ndi Colombia.
Mawonekedwe: Imodzi mwa mitundu yosawerengeka komanso yosaphunzira bwino. Kumakhala malo otentha kwambiri. Imayandikira pafupi ndi madzi, kusambira bwino komanso kusuntha.
Kuwonekera: Nyama yayikulu ya m'nkhalango zaku America. Ili ndi mane ang'ono ndi malaya akuda obiriwira. Malo amasaya ndi khosi ndi imvi mopepuka.
Tapir waku Central America
2. Mountain tapir
Kutalika kwa thupi: 180 cm.
Kutalika: 75-80cm.
Kulemera kwake: 225-250 kg.
Habitat: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela.
Mawonekedwe: Choyimira chaching'ono cha tapir. Amakhala kumapiri okwera mpaka 4000 mita, mpaka kumalire a chisanu. Mitundu yosaphunzira bwino.
Kuwonekera: Thupi lotambalala limatha ndi mchira wawufupi. Miyendo ndiyochepa komanso yolimba, chifukwa tapir yamapiri iyenera kuthana ndi zopinga zamiyala. Mtundu wa malayawo umasiyanasiyana pakuda bii mpaka wakuda. Malekezero a milomo ndi makutu ndi ofiira.
Mountain tapir
3. Tapir wamba
Kutalika kwa thupi: 198-202 cm.
Kutalika: 120cm.
Kulemera kwake: 300 kg.
Habitat: South America, kuchokera ku Colombia ndi Venezuela kupita ku Bolivia ndi Paraguay.
Mawonekedwe: Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso yofala. Plain tapir amatsogolera moyo wokha, amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha. Zazikazi zimabereka mwana wa ng'ombe mmodzi, wofiirira-bulauni wokhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima yakutali.
Mawonekedwe: Chinyama cholimba chokhala ndi miyendo yolimba. Wamng'ono, wowongoka, wolimba mane. Mtundu wa ubweya kumbuyo kwake ndi wakuda-bulauni komanso bulauni pamiyendo, pamimba ndi pachifuwa pathupi. Pali malire owala pamakutu.
Plain tapir
4. Tapir wakuda
Kutalika kwa thupi: 185-240 cm.
Kutalika: 90-105cm.
Kulemera kwake: 365 kg.
Habitat: Southeast Asia (Thailand, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Burma, Mallaka Peninsula ndi zilumba zoyandikana nazo).
Mawonekedwe: Mitundu yokhayo yomwe imakhala ku Asia. Amadziwika ndi mitundu yapadera yakuda ndi yoyera komanso thunthu lokwanira. Simungangosambira, komanso kusunthira pansi pa dziwe. Nthawi zonse imayenda m'malo odetsedwa, kuchotsa nkhupakupa ndi tiziromboti tina.
Maonekedwe:Tapir wakuda amakopa ndi mitundu yachilendo. Kudera lakumbuyo, kumapangidwa malo ofiira (yoyikapo nsalu), yofanana ndi bulangeti. Malaya ena ndi amdima, pafupifupi akuda. Makutu amakhalanso ndi malire oyera. Chovalacho ndi chaching'ono, kulibe mane kumbuyo kwa mutu. Khungu lakuda pamutu, mpaka 20-25 mm, ndiye chitetezo chabwino ku zilombo zolusa.
Tapir wakuda
5. Tapir yaying'ono yakuda
Kutalika kwa thupi: 130 cm.
Kutalika: 90 cm.
Kulemera kwake: 110 kg.
Habitat: amakhala m'magawo a Amazon (Brazil, Colombia)
Mawonekedwe: Apezeka posachedwa ndi misampha ya kamera. Mkazi ndi wamkulu kuposa wamwamuna. Mitundu yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yosaphunzira bwino.
Maonekedwe: Anthu omwe ali ndi tsitsi lakuda kapena lakuda. Akazi ali ndi malo owala kumunsi kwa chibwano ndi khosi.
Tapir yaying'ono yakuda
Malo okhala ndi moyo
Chimodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri. Tsopano pali mitundu 5 yokha yomwe yatsala. Adani a nyama pamtunda ndi ma jaguar, akambuku, anacondas, zimbalangondo m'madzi - ng'ona. Koma chiwopsezo chachikulu chimachokera kwa anthu. Kusaka kumachepetsa ziweto, ndipo kudula mitengo mwachisawawa kumachepetsa malo okhala.
Kuwerenga funso, tapir amakhala komweko, Tiyenera kudziwa kuti malo okhala atsika kwambiri. Mitundu 4 yayikulu imakhala ku Central America komanso m'malo ofunda a South America. Ndipo inayo ili m'maiko aku Southeast Asia.
Zinyama izi zimakonda nkhalango zowirira, zowirira, pomwe pali zomera zambiri zobiriwira. Ndipo payenera kukhala dziwe kapena mtsinje pafupi, chifukwa amathera nthawi yochuluka mosungiramo, amasambira ndikusambira mosangalala.
Nyama zimakhala zolimba madzulo komanso usiku, chifukwa chake pezani tapir zovuta kwambiri masana. Nyama zam'mapiri zimadzuka masana. Ngati pachitika ngozi, amatha kusintha moyo wawo usiku. M'nyengo yadzuwa kapena povutitsa anthu malo okhala, nyama zimasamuka.
Ma tapir amathamanga kwambiri, amatha kudumpha, kukwawa, chifukwa amayenera kuyenda m'nkhalango zolimba ndi mitengo yakugwa kapena m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Ntchito yomwe amakonda kwambiri ndikusambira ndikudumphira m'madzi. Ndipo anthu ena amatha kudya ndere zam'madzi.
Tapir waku Mexico
Ma tapir m'malo athyathyathya amakhala okha ndipo akakumana, nthawi zambiri amawonetsa kukwiya. Nyama zimayika gawo lawo, motero zimadana ndi alendo. Amalumikizana ndi mawu akuthwa, obaya ofanana ndi mluzu. Akachita mantha, amathawa, nthawi zambiri samatha kuluma.
Zakudya zabwino
Zomera zobiriwira za m'nkhalango zowuma ndizomwe zimapatsa nyama chakudya. Zakudya za tapir zimaphatikizira masamba a mitengo, zitsamba kapena mitengo ya kanjedza yaying'ono, mphukira, zipatso zakugwa. Okonda kusambira ndikudumphira mu dziwe, amatha kudyetsa ndere kuchokera pansi.
Chifukwa choti madera okhala akuchepa, nyama sizimatha kupeza zipatso zokoma nthawi zonse. Amawukira minda, amaluma mphukira za koko, amawononga nkhalango za nzimbe, mango, vwende. Izi zimapweteketsa minda. Ndipo eni ake akuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu powombera ma tapir.
Ma tapir amakonda kudya masamba ndi nthambi za mitengo
Chakudya chokoma chomwe chimakonda kwambiri ndi mchere. Chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha iye, amayenda maulendo ataliatali. Kuchulukitsitsa kwa zitsamba zotentha kumadera otsika a Paraguay. Apa malowa ali ndi sulphate wamchere komanso soda yamchere ndipo nyama zimanyambita nthaka ndi chisangalalo. Amakonzanso kufunika kofufuza zinthu pogwiritsa ntchito choko ndi dongo.
Wogwidwa tapir amakhala zolembera zotseka ndi kukula kwa osachepera 20 m² ndipo nthawi zonse ndi mosungira. Amadya chakudya chofanana ndi nkhumba: masamba, zipatso, udzu, chakudya chophatikizana. Chifukwa chosowa kuwala kwa dzuwa, kapena vitamini D, chinyama chimatha kutsalira m'mbuyo pakukula ndi chitukuko. Chifukwa chake, mavitamini ndi zomwe amafufuza amawonjezeredwa pachakudya. Ndipo zokoma, inde, zidzakhala zipatso zokoma, shuga, zotsekemera.
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Kukula msinkhu kwa anthu kumachitika zaka 3-4. Chachikazi chimakhala chachikulu pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 kuposa champhongo, ndipo kunja kwake sikusiyana mtundu. Ma tapir okhudzana zimachitika chaka chonse ndipo mkazi ndiye amayambitsa ubalewu. Zomwe zimachitika sizimangokhala pamtunda, komanso m'madzi.
Pamasewera olimbirana, champhongo chimathamangira chachikazi kwa nthawi yayitali ndikupanga phokoso lofuula lofanana ndi likhweru kapena kulira. Omwe amagonanawo samasiyana pakukhulupirika; mkazi amasintha chamwamuna chaka chilichonse. Kutenga kwa tapir kumatenga nthawi yopitilira chaka, pafupifupi miyezi 14.
Baby Mountain Tapir
Zotsatira zake, mwana amabadwa, nthawi zambiri m'modzi. Kulemera kwapakati pamwana ndi 4-8 kg (kumasiyana kutengera mitundu yazinyama). Zochepa tapir pachithunzichi mtundu umasiyana ndi mayi. Chovalacho chili ndi timadontho ndi mikwingwirima yomwe ili ndi madontho. Maganizo amenewa amathandiza kubisala m'nkhalango yowirira. Popita nthawi, patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, utoto uwu umatha.
Kwa sabata yoyamba, mwanayo ndi mayi ake amabisala pansi pa zitsamba zamatchire. Amayi amadyetsa mkaka atagona pansi. Ndipo kuyambira sabata yamawa, mwana wamwamuna amamutsatira kufunafuna chakudya. Pang'onopang'ono, mkazi amaphunzitsa mwana kubzala zakudya.
Kudyetsa mkaka kumatha pakatha chaka. Pofika zaka 1.5, anawo amafikira kukula kwa akulu, ndipo kutha msinkhu kumachitika zaka 3-4. Pafupifupi, pansi pazabwino, ma tapir amakhala zaka pafupifupi 30. Ngakhale ali mu ukapolo, amatha kufikira zaka izi.
Zosangalatsa za tapir
- Zina mwa nyama zakale kwambiri. Khalani ndi moyo zaka zoposa 55 miliyoni.
- Mu 2013, akatswiri a zoo ku Brazil adapeza mtundu wachisanu, Lesser Black Tapir. Ndi imodzi mwama artiodactyls oyamba omwe adapezeka mzaka 100 zapitazi.
- Achibale akutali a zinyama izi ndi zipembere ndi akavalo. Ma tapir amakono amafanana ndi akavalo akale.
- Thumba lakutali komanso chubu chopumira chimathandiza nyamayo posambira. Itha kumizidwa m'madzi kwa mphindi zingapo. Chifukwa chake, kuthawa adani.
- Mu ukapolo, ma tapir amakhala oweta komanso oweta.
- Tsopano ma tapir amatetezedwa ndipo zamoyo zonse, osawerengera za kutsika, zalembedwa mu Red Book yapadziko lonse. Pafupifupi mitundu 13 ya nyama izi yasowa.
- Anthu aku Asia amakhulupirira kuti ngati mupanga mwala kapena chithunzi chamatabwa cha tapir, ndiye kuti apulumutsa mwini wake ku maloto owopsa. Pachifukwa ichi adamutcha "wakudya maloto"
- Ku Brazil, ma tapir amalowa m'madzi ndi msipu. M'munsi mwa mtsinje, nyanja zimadya ndere.
- Mukamayendetsa madzi, nsomba zazing'ono zimatsuka chovalacho ndikuwononga tiziromboti pakhungu.
- Nyama zimakhala ndi zakudya zabwino. Amadya mitundu yoposa 100 ya zomera.
- Anthu am'deralo amasaka tapir ndi agalu. Ndipo ngati alibe nthawi yobisala m'madzi, amamupeza. Amayamikira nyama. Ndipo zithumwa zimapangidwa kuchokera kumiyala yomwe imapezeka m'mimba.
Kupha nyama, zikopa zakuda, ndi kudula mitengo mwachisawawa m'malo awo okhala kumakhudza kwambiri anthu. Kuwonongedwa kosalamulirika kwa ma tapir kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nyama ndipo kumabweretsa kutha kwa mitundu ya nyama.
