Nyama ya marsupial, yomwe imadziwika ndi ludzu lamagazi, sanatchulidwe mwangozi kuti ndi satana. Kudziwana koyamba kwa atsamunda achingerezi ndi nzika za ku Tasmania kunali kosasangalatsa kwambiri - kukuwa usiku, kowopsa, kupsa mtima kwa zolengedwa zosakhutira kunapanga maziko a nthano zamphamvu zamphamvu za chilombocho.
Satana waku Tasmanian - wokhala modabwitsa wa dziko la Australia, yemwe akuphunzirabe mpaka pano.
Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Nyama yodya nyama yokhala ndi galu waung'ono wa kutalika kwa masentimita 26-30. Thupi lanyamayo ndi lalitali masentimita 50-80, lolemera makilogalamu 12-15. Thupi ndi lamphamvu. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi. Pamiyendo yakutsogolo muli zala zisanu, zinayi zomwe zili zowongoka, ndi yachisanu mbali, kuti mugwire ndikukhazikika chakudya mwamphamvu.
Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, ndi ofupikirapo kuposa am'mbuyo, chala choyamba chimasowa. Ndi zikhadabo zake zakuthwa, chilombocho chimang'amba nsalu ndi zikopa mosavuta.
Kukwanira kwakunja ndi ma asymmetry a m'manja sizikugwirizana ndi kupsinjika ndi mphamvu za chilombo. Mchira ndi wamfupi. Mwa momwe zimakhalira, titha kuweruza thanzi la nyama. Mchira umasunga nkhokwe zamafuta pakagwa njala. Ngati ndi wandiweyani, wokutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda, zikutanthauza kuti chilombocho chimadyetsedwa bwino, chili ndi thanzi labwino. Mchira woonda ndi tsitsi lochepa, pafupifupi wamaliseche, ndi chizindikiro cha matenda kapena njala ya nyama. Thumba lachikazi limawoneka ngati khola lopindika.
Mutu wake ndiwokulirapo poyerekeza ndi thupi. Amphamvu kwambiri pakati pa nyama zonse zakutchire, nsagwada zimasinthidwa kuti ziphwanye mafupa mosavuta. Akaluma kamodzi, chilombocho chimatha kuphwanya msana wa wovulalayo. Makutu ndi ang'ono, pinki amtundu.
Ndevu zazitali, kununkhira bwino kumathandiza kuti munthuyo apezeke mwa 1 km. Maso akuthwa ngakhale usiku amatheketsa kuzindikira kuyenda pang'ono, koma zimakhala zovuta kuti nyama zizindikire zinthu zoyimirira.
Tsitsi lalifupi la nyamalo ndi lakuda, mawanga oyera amtundu wopingasa amapezeka pachifuwa, sacrum. Madontho obiriwira, nandolo zazing'ono nthawi zina zimawoneka kuchokera mbali. Mwa mawonekedwe Tasmanian satana ndi nyama ofanana ndi chimbalangondo chaching'ono. Koma amawoneka okongola panthawi yopuma. Kwa moyo wokangalika womwe umawopseza nzika zaku Australia, nyamayo sinatchulidwe mwangozi kuti ndi satana.
Kwa nthawi yayitali anthu okhala ku Tasmania sanathe kudziwa mtundu wa phokoso lomwe limachokera kwa adani owopsawo. Kupuma, kusunthira kukhosomola, kubangula koopsa kumachitika chifukwa champhamvu zina zapadziko lapansi. Kukumana ndi nyama yaukali kwambiri, kutulutsa kukuwa koopsa, kunatsimikiza mtima kwa iye.
Misa kuzunzidwa zolusa ndi ziphe ndi misampha anayamba, zomwe pafupifupi anatsogolera ku chiwonongeko chawo. Nyama ya marsupials idakhala yodyedwa, yofanana ndi nyama yamwana wang'ombe, yomwe idathandizira kuthetsedwa kwa tizilombo. Pofika zaka za m'ma 40 zapitazo, nyamayo idawonongeka pafupifupi. Zomwe zatengedwa, anthu osauka adabwezeretsedwanso, ngakhale chiwerengerochi chikusinthabe kwambiri.
Chiwopsezo china kwa ziwanda chidabwera ndi matenda owopsa, omwe adatenga anthu opitilira theka la anthu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 2000. Nyama zimatha kutenga miliri ya khansa yopatsirana, pomwe nkhope yake imafufuma.
Ziwanda zimamwalira msanga ndi njala. Zifukwa, njira zothetsera matendawa sizikudziwika. Ndikothekabe kupulumutsa nyama ndi njira yosamutsira, kudzipatula. Ku Tasmania, asayansi akuyesetsa kuthana ndi vuto lopulumutsa anthu m'malo apadera ofufuzira.
Mitundu
Mdyerekezi wa ku Tasmanian (Tasmanian) amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kufotokozera kwasayansi kunapangidwa koyambirira kwa zaka za 19th. Mu 1841, nyamayo idalandira dzina lawo lamakono, ndikulowa mgulu lapadziko lonse lapansi ngati nthumwi yokha ya banja lazolowera marsupial aku Australia.
Asayansi awonetsa kufanana kwakukulu pakati pa satana waku Tasmanian ndi quoll, kapena marsupial marten. Kulumikizana kwakutali kumatha kutsatidwa ndi wachibale yemwe sanathe - thylacin, kapena marsupial wolf. Mdyerekezi waku Tasmanian ndiye mtundu wokhawo mwa mtundu wake wa Sarcophilus.
Moyo ndi malo okhala
Chilombocho chikakhala mwaulere ku Australia. Mtunduwo udatsika pang'onopang'ono chifukwa chokhazikitsanso agalu a dingo omwe amasaka satana waku Tasmanian. Azungu adayamba kuwona chilombocho ku Tasmania, dziko la Australia lomweli.
Mpaka pano, nyama yamtchire imapezeka m'malo awa okha. Nzika zam'deralo mopanda chifundo zinamenya nkhondo ndi wowononga nkhuku, mpaka kuwonongedwa kwa ma marsupial ataletsedwa ndi chiletso chovomerezeka.
Mdyerekezi waku Tasmanian amakhala pakati pa malo odyetserako nkhosa, m'masamba, m'malo am'mapaki. Zowononga zimapewa malo opanda anthu, malo omangidwa. Zochita za chinyama zimawonetsedwa madzulo ndi usiku, masana nyamayo imapumula m'nkhalango zowirira, m'ming'alu, m'miyala yamiyala. Nyamayi imapezeka ikuswa dothi padzuwa patsiku labwino.
Mdierekezi waku Tasmania amatha kusambira kuwoloka mtsinje wa 50m, koma amatero pokhapokha pakufunika kutero. Zowononga achinyamata zimakwera mumitengo, zimakhala zovuta kwa okalamba. Izi zimakhala zofunikira ngati njira yopulumukira pomwe obadwa mwankhanza akufuna kukula kwachinyamata. Ziwanda sizimagwirizana m'magulu, zimakhala zokhazokha, koma sizimataya ubale ndi anthu ena, onse pamodzi amapha nyama zambiri.
Nyama iliyonse imakhala mdera lamadongosolo, ngakhale siyiyikidwa. Malo oyandikana nawo nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Mapanga a nyama amapezeka pakati pa zomera zowirira, udzu waminga, m'mapanga amiyala. Kuonjezera chitetezo, nyama zimakhala m'misasa 2-4, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo imaperekedwa kumibadwo yatsopano ya ziwanda.
Mdyerekezi wa marsupial amadziwika ndi ukhondo wodabwitsa. Amadzinyambita bwino, mpaka fungo lawo litazimiririka, lomwe limalepheretsa kusaka, ngakhale kutsuka nkhope yake. Ndikuthina m'manja, amathira madzi ndikusambitsa nkhope ndi chifuwa. Satana waku Tasmanianwogwidwa pamachitidwe amadzi, pa chithunzi akuwoneka kuti ndi nyama yokhudza.
Pokhala bata, chilombocho chimachedwa, koma pachiwopsezo chokhala agile, kuyenda modabwitsa, kumathamanga kuthamanga mpaka 13 km / h, koma patali pang'ono. Kuda nkhawa kumadzutsa nyama yaku Tasmania, monga zikopa, kutulutsa fungo losasangalatsa.
Nyama yolusa ili ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe. Ngoziyi imayimiriridwa ndi mbalame zodya nyama, marsupial martens, nkhandwe, komanso, anthu. Nyamayo siimenya anthu popanda chifukwa, koma zoyambitsa zingayambitse kukwiya. Ngakhale anali wowopsa, chinyama chimatha kuwetedwa, kutembenuka kuchokera ku nkhanza kukhala chiweto.
Zakudya zabwino
Ziwanda za Tasmanian amadziwika kuti ndi omnivores, osusuka modabwitsa. Kuchuluka kwa chakudya tsiku lililonse ndi pafupifupi 15% ya kulemera kwake kwa nyama, koma nyama yomwe ikusowa njala imatha kudya mpaka 40%. Zakudya ndizochepa, ngakhale chakudya chochuluka chimadyedwa ndi marsupials osapitilira theka la ola. Kulira kwa satana waku Tasmania ndichofunikira kwambiri pakupha nyama.
Zakudyazo zimachokera kuzilombo zazing'ono, mbalame, tizilombo, ndi zokwawa. Pamphepete mwa matupi amadzi, nyama zolusa zimagwira achule, makoswe, zimanyamula nkhanu, nsomba zoponyedwa pamadzi osaya. Mdierekezi waku Tasmanian ali ndi zokwanira kugwa kulikonse. Sadzawononga mphamvu kusaka nyama zazing'ono.
Luntha lakumva kununkhira limathandizira pakusaka nkhosa zakufa, ng'ombe, akalulu amtchire, makoswe a kangaroo. Chokoma chokondedwa - wallaby, wombats. Yovunda yovunda, nyama yovunda ndi nyongolotsi sizivutitsa odyetsa. Kuphatikiza pa chakudya cha nyama, nyama sizizengereza kudya mbewu zamasamba, mizu, zipatso zowutsa mudyo.
Olanda amatenga nyama ya marsupial martens, amanyamula zotsalira za phwando la zinyama zina. M'madera okhala ndi zamoyo zam'madzi, nyama zankhaninkhani zitha kutenga gawo labwino - zimachepetsa kufalikira kwa matenda.
Nyama zomwe zimakulirapo kuposa zilombo zolusa - nkhosa zodwala, kangaroo, nthawi zina zimakumana ndi ziwanda. Mphamvu zodabwitsa zimakuthandizani kuthana ndi mdani wamkulu, koma wofooka.
Khalidwe lachiwerewere la ziwanda zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito nyama ndizodziwika bwino. Amameza zonse, kuphatikiza zidutswa zomangira, zojambulazo, ma pulasitiki. Pamanyumba a nyama, matawulo, zidutswa za nsapato, ma jean, pulasitiki, makutu a chimanga, ma kolala adapezeka.
Zithunzi zoopsa zodya nyama zimaphatikizidwa ndi ziwonetsero zankhanza, kulira kwamtchire kwa nyama. Asayansi adalemba mawu 20 osiyanasiyana opangidwa polumikizana ndi ziwanda. Kukuwa kwankhanza, mikangano yolemekezeka yomwe imatsagana nawo imadyera ziwanda. Phwando la adaniwo lingamveke pamtunda wamakilomita angapo.
Pakati pa nthawi ya chilala, nyengo yoipa, njala, nyama zimapulumutsidwa ndi mafuta omwe ali mchira, omwe amadzipezera zakudya zambiri zolusa nyama zolusa. Kukwanitsa kwa nyama zazing'ono kukwera miyala ndi mitengo, kuwononga zisa za mbalame kumathandizira kupulumuka. Anthu amphamvu amasaka abale awo ofooka munthawi ya njala.
Kubereka ndi chiyembekezo cha moyo
Nthawi yokwatirana ya ziwanda imayamba mu Epulo. Kulimbana kwa amuna, kuteteza akazi atakwatirana kumaphatikizidwa ndi kufuula kwachisoni, ndewu zamagazi, ma duel. Mabanja omwe adakhazikitsidwa, ngakhale atakhala pachibwenzi chachifupi, amakhala achiwawa. Maubale okwatirana okhaokha siachilendo kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Mdierekezi wamkazi waku Tasmanian, patatha masiku atatu atayandikira, amathamangitsa wamphongoyo. Kubala ana kumatenga masiku 21.
Zikondwerero 20-30 zimabadwa. Mwana wakhanda wa satana amalemera magalamu 20 mpaka 29. Ziwanda zinayi zokha ndi zomwe zimapulumuka kuchokera ku kamwana kakang'ono malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa nsonga zamabele mu thumba la mayi. Mkazi amadya anthu ofooka.
Kukhala ndi moyo kwa akazi obadwa ndiokwera kwambiri kuposa amuna. Pakadutsa miyezi itatu, makanda amatsegula maso, matupi amaliseche ataphimbidwa ndi ubweya wakuda. Achichepere amapanga kutuluka kwawo koyamba m'thumba la amayi awo kuti akafufuze dziko lapansi. Kudyetsa amayi kumapitilira kwa miyezi ingapo. Pofika Disembala, mwanayo amakhala wodziyimira pawokha.
Ana azaka ziwiri amakhala okonzeka kuswana. Moyo wa ziwanda za marsupial umakhala zaka 7-8, chifukwa chake kusasitsa kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri. Ku Australia, nyama yachilendo imadziwika kuti nyama zophiphiritsira, zomwe zithunzi zake zimawonetsedwa pamakobidi, zizindikilo, malaya amanja. Ngakhale mawonetseredwe a mdierekezi weniweni, chinyama chili ndi malo oyenera pachilengedwe cha kumtunda.
